边坡足尺模型试验人工模拟降雨装置的设计与参数率定
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摘要
针对边坡足尺模型试验研究所需的降雨特点,设计了一种可循环、可移动式的人工模拟降雨装置。该装置采用3种规格不同的旋转下喷式喷头,通过调节供水管道压力和启闭不同类型的喷头,实现不同降雨强度、不同历时的人工模拟降雨过程。降雨特性参数率定试验结果表明:该装置可实现降雨强度为10.4～256.8 mm/h的模拟降雨,此范围内的降雨均匀度能保持在80%以上,雨滴直径范围为0.1～4.8 mm,雨滴终点速度可达2.0～2.9 m/s。该装置能产生与天然降雨相似度较高的人工模拟降雨,可用于边坡模型试验。
Aiming at the rainfall characteristics required for the study of the full-scale model test of slope,this paper designs a recyclable and removable artificially simulated rainfall device.The simulated rainfall device adopts 3 kinds of rotating spray nozzles with different specifications.The rainfall device simulates the rainfall process with different rainfall intensity and different duration by adjusting the pressure of the water supply pipelines and by adjusting opening and closing different types of nozzles.The experimental results of rainfall characteristic parameter calibration test show that the device can realize the simulated rainfall with rainfall intensity of 10.4～256.8 mm/h,the uniform coefficient of rainfall intensity in this range can be maintained at more than 80%,the diameter range of raindrop is 0.1～4.8 mm,and the end speed of raindrop can reach 2～2.9 m/s.The rainfall device can produce artificially simulated rainfall with high similarity of natural rainfall,and can be used in slope model test.
Aiming at the rainfall characteristics required for the study of the full-scale model test of slope,this paper designs a recyclable and removable artificially simulated rainfall device.The simulated rainfall device adopts 3 kinds of rotating spray nozzles with different specifications.The rainfall device simulates the rainfall process with different rainfall intensity and different duration by adjusting the pressure of the water supply pipelines and by adjusting opening and closing different types of nozzles.The experimental results of rainfall characteristic parameter calibration test show that the device can realize the simulated rainfall with rainfall intensity of 10.4～256.8 mm/h,the uniform coefficient of rainfall intensity in this range can be maintained at more than 80%,the diameter range of raindrop is 0.1～4.8 mm,and the end speed of raindrop can reach 2～2.9 m/s.The rainfall device can produce artificially simulated rainfall with high similarity of natural rainfall,and can be used in slope model test.
引文
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[17]武彩萍.人工降雨条件下黄土边坡的室内模型试验研究[D].西安:西北农林科技大学,2013.
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[19]张昌军.西安地区黄土斜坡人工降雨试验研究[D].西安:长安大学,2013.
[20]任树梅,刘洪禄,顾涛.人工模拟降雨技术研究综述[J].中国农村水利水电,2003(3):73-75.
[21]Adams R,Elliott S.Physically based modelling of sediment generation and transport under a large rainfall simulator[J].Hydrological Processes,2006,20(1):2253-2270.
[22]Battany M C,Grismer M E.Development of a portable field rainfall simulator for use in hillside vineyard runoff and erosion studies[J].Hydrological Processes,2000,14(6):1119-1129.
[23]Clarke M A,Walsh R P D.A portable rainfall simulators for field assessment of splash and slopewash in remote locations[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2007,32(13):2052-2069.
[24]陈文亮,唐克丽.SR 型野外人工模拟降雨装置[J].水土保持研究,2000,7(4):106-110.
[25]谢妮,王钊,邓卫东,等.非饱和土边坡的监测和人工降雨试验[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2008(2):81-85.
[26]徐向舟,张红武,朱明东.雨滴粒径的测量方法及其改进研究[J].中国水土保持,2004(2):26-29,47.
[27]廖炜,李勇志,黄煜煜.鄂西北房县降雨侵蚀力的研究[J].安全与环境工程,2007(3):74-79.
[28]韩文霆,曹培,刘文帅.人工模拟降雨系统喷头喷洒雨滴特性测试[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(12):56-61.
[2] 苏溦娜,田一梅,高波,等.人工模拟降雨装置的设计及其参数率定[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(6):120-123.
[3] 徐向舟,刘大庆,张红武,等.室内人工模拟降雨试验研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2006(5):52-58.
[4] 吴长文,徐宁娟.摆喷式人工降雨机的特性试验[J].南昌大学学报,1995,7(1):57-66.
[5] 程飞,徐向舟,高吉惠,等.用于土壤侵蚀试验的降雨模拟器研究进展[J].中国水土保持科学,2008(2):107-112.
[6] 汪洋,贾洪彪,马淑芝.小降雨入渗的非饱和土边坡稳定性计算方法研究[J].安全与环境工程,2016,23(6):41-45.
[7] 周中,傅鹤林,刘宝琛,等.堆积层滑坡野外模拟试验方案设计[J].公路,2006(1):74-79.
[8] 刘海松,倪万魁,杨泓全,等.黄土路基降雨入渗现场试验[J].地球科学与环境学报,2008(1):60-63.
[9] 王福恒,李家春,田伟平.黄土边坡降雨入渗规律试验[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版),2009,29(4):20-24.
[10]Wang G,Sassa K.Factors affecting rainfall-induced landslides[J].Geotechnique,2001,51(7):87-599.
[11]Orense R P,Shimoma S,Maeda K,Towhata I.Instrumented model slope failure due to water seepage[J].Nat.Disaster Sci.,2004,26(1):15-26.
[12]Tohari A,Nishigaki M,Komatsu M.Laboratory rainfall-induced slope failure with moisture content measurement[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenviromental Engineering,2007,133(5):575-587.
[13]Reid M E,Iverson R M,Iverson N R,et al.Deciphering landslide behavior using large-scale flume experiments[C]//Proceedings of the First World Landslide Forum.Tokyo,Japan,2008:497-500.
[14]Chueasamat A,Hori T,Saito H,et al.Experimental tests of slope failure due to rainfalls using 1g physical slope models[J].Soils and Foundations,2018(1):1-16.
[15]左自波.降雨诱发堆积体滑坡室内模型试验研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2013.
[16]丁金华.膨胀土边坡浅层失稳机理及土工格栅加固处理研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2014.
[17]武彩萍.人工降雨条件下黄土边坡的室内模型试验研究[D].西安:西北农林科技大学,2013.
[18]陈玺文.堆积碎石土滑坡降雨致滑模型试验研究[D].湘潭:湘潭大学,2014.
[19]张昌军.西安地区黄土斜坡人工降雨试验研究[D].西安:长安大学,2013.
[20]任树梅,刘洪禄,顾涛.人工模拟降雨技术研究综述[J].中国农村水利水电,2003(3):73-75.
[21]Adams R,Elliott S.Physically based modelling of sediment generation and transport under a large rainfall simulator[J].Hydrological Processes,2006,20(1):2253-2270.
[22]Battany M C,Grismer M E.Development of a portable field rainfall simulator for use in hillside vineyard runoff and erosion studies[J].Hydrological Processes,2000,14(6):1119-1129.
[23]Clarke M A,Walsh R P D.A portable rainfall simulators for field assessment of splash and slopewash in remote locations[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2007,32(13):2052-2069.
[24]陈文亮,唐克丽.SR 型野外人工模拟降雨装置[J].水土保持研究,2000,7(4):106-110.
[25]谢妮,王钊,邓卫东,等.非饱和土边坡的监测和人工降雨试验[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2008(2):81-85.
[26]徐向舟,张红武,朱明东.雨滴粒径的测量方法及其改进研究[J].中国水土保持,2004(2):26-29,47.
[27]廖炜,李勇志,黄煜煜.鄂西北房县降雨侵蚀力的研究[J].安全与环境工程,2007(3):74-79.
[28]韩文霆,曹培,刘文帅.人工模拟降雨系统喷头喷洒雨滴特性测试[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(12):56-61.