污泥改良沙土中重金属及营养元素的迁移转化
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摘要
为探究城市污水厂离心脱水污泥改良沙土对重金属及营养成分迁移转化的影响,利用掺混量为15%的污泥改良沙土作为0—20 cm土层土壤,通过饱和淋洗的方式分析了重金属及营养成分在土层中含量及形态转化,揭示了土层中重金属及营养成分迁移转化规律。结果表明:从重金属总量来看,试验淋洗10次后,土壤表层Cu,Pb,Zn,Cr滞留率较高,分别为78.57%,78.72%,86.35%,76.61%,Ni滞留率较低,为40.37%。但随着淋融次数的增加,重金属都存在一定淋失或向下层土壤迁移的风险;从重金属形态来看,各重金属Ni,Zn,Cr,Cu,Pb活性系数(MF)分别为1.657,0.531,0.265,0.113,0,由此可以得出,Ni,Zn在土壤环境中性质不稳定,Cr,Cu性质较为稳定,Pb最为稳定;改良沙土中氮磷营养元素在淋洗后含量下降,氮的流失率为39.36%,磷的流失率为18.67%,氮素较磷素易发生流失,下层沙土氮提升量高于磷。
To explore the influence of sewage plant dewatered sludge on the migration and transformation of heavy metals and nutrients in modified sandy soil, 15% of sludge was used to modify sand as 0—20 cm soil layer. Analysis of the content and morphological transformation of heavy metals and nutrients in soil layers was performed by using saturated leaching, revealing the migration and transformation of heavy metals and nutrients in soil layers. The results showed that, from the point of heavy metal content, experimental leaching after 10 times, the retention rates of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr were 78.57%, 78.72%, 86.35%,76.61%, retention rate was higher, the retention rate of Ni was 40.37%, retention rate was lower in the surface soil layer. However, with the increase of leaching times, there was a certain risk of heavy metals leaching or transferring to deep soil layer. The activity coefficients of Ni, Zn, Cr, Cu, Pb were 1.657, 0.531, 0.265, 0.113, 0, respectively, so it was found that the properties of Ni and Zn were unstable, the properties of Cr and Cu were stable, and Pb was the most stable. The contents of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in modified sandy soil decreased after leaching, the loss rate of nitrogen was 39.36%, and the loss rate of phosphorus was 18.67%. Nitrogen was more likely to be lost than phosphorus, the increase of nitrogen was higher than phosphorus in the deep layer.
To explore the influence of sewage plant dewatered sludge on the migration and transformation of heavy metals and nutrients in modified sandy soil, 15% of sludge was used to modify sand as 0—20 cm soil layer. Analysis of the content and morphological transformation of heavy metals and nutrients in soil layers was performed by using saturated leaching, revealing the migration and transformation of heavy metals and nutrients in soil layers. The results showed that, from the point of heavy metal content, experimental leaching after 10 times, the retention rates of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr were 78.57%, 78.72%, 86.35%,76.61%, retention rate was higher, the retention rate of Ni was 40.37%, retention rate was lower in the surface soil layer. However, with the increase of leaching times, there was a certain risk of heavy metals leaching or transferring to deep soil layer. The activity coefficients of Ni, Zn, Cr, Cu, Pb were 1.657, 0.531, 0.265, 0.113, 0, respectively, so it was found that the properties of Ni and Zn were unstable, the properties of Cr and Cu were stable, and Pb was the most stable. The contents of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in modified sandy soil decreased after leaching, the loss rate of nitrogen was 39.36%, and the loss rate of phosphorus was 18.67%. Nitrogen was more likely to be lost than phosphorus, the increase of nitrogen was higher than phosphorus in the deep layer.
引文
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[2]王东琴,惠晓梅,杨凯.污泥处理处置技术进展[J].山西化工,2016,36(3):17-19.
[3]王磊,香宝,苏本营,等.城市污泥应用于我国北方沙地生态修复的探讨[J].环境工程技术学报,2016,6(5):484-492.
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[9]张江华,王葵颖,李皓,等.陕西潼关金矿区土壤Pb和Cd生物有效性的影响因素及其意义[J].地质通报,2014,33(8):1188-1195.
[10]杨秋菊.土壤重金属形态分析研究进展[J].云南化工,2016,43(4):43-49.
[11]宋琳琳,铁梅,张朝红,等.施用污泥对土壤重金属形态分布和生物有效性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(10):2701-2707.
[12]黄殿男,谭杰,傅金祥,等.城市污水处理厂污泥对沙漠化土壤的改良效果[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(1):323-327.
[13]黄殿男,谭杰,傅金祥,等.城市污水厂污泥改良水蚀沙土对地下水风险模拟[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(10):2926-2932.
[14]闫江龙.不同催化条件下超临界水气化污泥及重金属迁移转化规律的研究[D].广东深圳:深圳大学,2016.
[15]徐争启,倪师军,庹先国,等.潜在生态危害指数法评价中重金属毒性系数计算[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(2):112-115.
[16]Merrington G, Oliver I, Smernik R J, et al. The influence of sewage sludge properties on sludge-borne metal availability[J]. Advances in Environmental Research, 2004,8(1):21-36.
[17]林青.土壤中重金属Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb吸附及迁移的试验研究[D].山东青岛:青岛大学,2008.
[18]Mbila M O, Thompson M L, Mbagwu J S, et al. Distribution and movement of sludge-derived trace metals in selected Nigerian soils[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2001,30(5):1667-1674.
[19]严明书,李武斌,杨乐超,等.重庆渝北地区土壤重金属形态特征及其有效性评价[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(1):64-70.
[20]Su J, Wang H, Kimberley M O, et al. Fractionation and mobility of phosphorus in a sandy forest soil amended with biosolids[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research-International, 2007,14(7):529-535.
[2]王东琴,惠晓梅,杨凯.污泥处理处置技术进展[J].山西化工,2016,36(3):17-19.
[3]王磊,香宝,苏本营,等.城市污泥应用于我国北方沙地生态修复的探讨[J].环境工程技术学报,2016,6(5):484-492.
[4]李霞,李法云,荣湘民,等.城市污泥改良沙地土壤过程中氮磷的淋溶特征与风险分析[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(4):93-97,102.
[5]李霞.城市污泥在科尔沁沙地土壤改良中的应用及风险分析[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2013.
[6]Baveye P, Mcbride M B, Bouldin D, et al. Mass balance and distribution of sludge-borne trace elements in a silt loam soil following long-term applications of sewage sludge[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 1999, 227(1):13-28.
[7]Richards B K, Steenhuis T S, Peverly J H, et al. Metal mobility at an old, heavily loaded sludge application site[J]. Environmental Pollution, 1998, 99(3):365-377.
[8]杨忠平,卢文喜,辛欣,等.长春市城区土壤中Pb、Cu、Zn、Cd及Cr化学形态特征[J].土壤通报,2011,42(5):1247-1255.
[9]张江华,王葵颖,李皓,等.陕西潼关金矿区土壤Pb和Cd生物有效性的影响因素及其意义[J].地质通报,2014,33(8):1188-1195.
[10]杨秋菊.土壤重金属形态分析研究进展[J].云南化工,2016,43(4):43-49.
[11]宋琳琳,铁梅,张朝红,等.施用污泥对土壤重金属形态分布和生物有效性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(10):2701-2707.
[12]黄殿男,谭杰,傅金祥,等.城市污水处理厂污泥对沙漠化土壤的改良效果[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(1):323-327.
[13]黄殿男,谭杰,傅金祥,等.城市污水厂污泥改良水蚀沙土对地下水风险模拟[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(10):2926-2932.
[14]闫江龙.不同催化条件下超临界水气化污泥及重金属迁移转化规律的研究[D].广东深圳:深圳大学,2016.
[15]徐争启,倪师军,庹先国,等.潜在生态危害指数法评价中重金属毒性系数计算[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(2):112-115.
[16]Merrington G, Oliver I, Smernik R J, et al. The influence of sewage sludge properties on sludge-borne metal availability[J]. Advances in Environmental Research, 2004,8(1):21-36.
[17]林青.土壤中重金属Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb吸附及迁移的试验研究[D].山东青岛:青岛大学,2008.
[18]Mbila M O, Thompson M L, Mbagwu J S, et al. Distribution and movement of sludge-derived trace metals in selected Nigerian soils[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2001,30(5):1667-1674.
[19]严明书,李武斌,杨乐超,等.重庆渝北地区土壤重金属形态特征及其有效性评价[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(1):64-70.
[20]Su J, Wang H, Kimberley M O, et al. Fractionation and mobility of phosphorus in a sandy forest soil amended with biosolids[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research-International, 2007,14(7):529-535.