黄鳍棘鲷3种标志方法效果的比较与分析
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摘要
选取适宜的标志方法是提高增殖放流效果评估准确性的保障。以我国增殖放流的重要经济鱼类黄鳍棘鲷(Acanthopagrus latus)为实验对象,以其特定生长率、存活率和标志保留率为定量评价指标,采用单因素方差分析和Kaplan-Meier生存分析对比了被动整合雷达标志(PIT)、长T型标志(L-T)、短T型标志(S-T)3种标志方法的标志效果。40 d的实验结果显示,各试验组鱼的特定生长率差异不显著;各试验组鱼的存活率和标志保留率较高,但差异均不显著;存活率表现为PIT标志组(96%)>L-T标志组(94%)>S-T标志组(93%),标志保留率则表现为PIT标志组(100%)>S-T标志组(97%)>L-T标志组(96%)。结合标志材料成本、标志操作难易程度等因素,认为L-T标志是目前黄鳍棘鲷批量化标志放流较理想的一种标志方法。此外,研究所采用的生存分析法可为今后不同标志方法的对比优选提供参考。
Overfishing and environmental pollution have led to the depletion/dramatic decline of fishery in the world. China has been making great efforts on sea ranching and stock enhancement, especially in coastal waters. The stock enhancement performance is undoubtly the core concern of the whole ranching systematic project. Mark-recapture helps to estimate the population dynamics and the effects of sea ranching, it can also provide clues for the choice of tagging method. A 40-day experiment was conducted on juvenile Acanthopagrus latus with passive integrated transponder tags(PIT), long T-bar anchor tags(L-T), and short T-bar anchor tags(S-T). Four treatments with two replicates per group were designed, the control group, PIT group, L-T group, and S-T group, and each group had 50 juvenile A. latus. Three indices were applied to evaluate the effectiveness of tagging using one-way analysis of variance and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, which were specific growth rate, survival rate, and tag retention rate. The results showed that all three indices varied between treatments but without significant differences(P>0.05). Firstly, the specific growth rate was in a descending order of L-T group(0.57%·d~(-1)) > control group(0.56%·d~(-1)) > PIT group(0.53%·d~(-1)) > S-T group(0.50%·d~(-1)), but there was no significant difference in the specific growth rate between groups(P>0.05). Secondly, the survival rate was in a descending order of control group(99%) > PIT group(96%) > L-T group(94%) > S-T group(93%). Thirdly, the tag retention rate was descending from PIT group(100%) to L-T group(97%) and S-T group(96%). The application cost for PIT was about RMB 11.0 per individual fish, for L-T was about RMB 5.0 per fish, and for S-T was roughly RMB 4.0 per fish. Considering both the cost and practicability of tags, it is recommended that L-T is the best choice for tagging A. latus in batches, while S-T is more appropriate for fish with less marking information on the tags, and PIT is more applicable when there is sufficient budget and stricter requirements on the accuracy. Furthermore, the survival analysis in this paper provides clues for quantatively evaluating tagging performance.
Overfishing and environmental pollution have led to the depletion/dramatic decline of fishery in the world. China has been making great efforts on sea ranching and stock enhancement, especially in coastal waters. The stock enhancement performance is undoubtly the core concern of the whole ranching systematic project. Mark-recapture helps to estimate the population dynamics and the effects of sea ranching, it can also provide clues for the choice of tagging method. A 40-day experiment was conducted on juvenile Acanthopagrus latus with passive integrated transponder tags(PIT), long T-bar anchor tags(L-T), and short T-bar anchor tags(S-T). Four treatments with two replicates per group were designed, the control group, PIT group, L-T group, and S-T group, and each group had 50 juvenile A. latus. Three indices were applied to evaluate the effectiveness of tagging using one-way analysis of variance and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, which were specific growth rate, survival rate, and tag retention rate. The results showed that all three indices varied between treatments but without significant differences(P>0.05). Firstly, the specific growth rate was in a descending order of L-T group(0.57%·d~(-1)) > control group(0.56%·d~(-1)) > PIT group(0.53%·d~(-1)) > S-T group(0.50%·d~(-1)), but there was no significant difference in the specific growth rate between groups(P>0.05). Secondly, the survival rate was in a descending order of control group(99%) > PIT group(96%) > L-T group(94%) > S-T group(93%). Thirdly, the tag retention rate was descending from PIT group(100%) to L-T group(97%) and S-T group(96%). The application cost for PIT was about RMB 11.0 per individual fish, for L-T was about RMB 5.0 per fish, and for S-T was roughly RMB 4.0 per fish. Considering both the cost and practicability of tags, it is recommended that L-T is the best choice for tagging A. latus in batches, while S-T is more appropriate for fish with less marking information on the tags, and PIT is more applicable when there is sufficient budget and stricter requirements on the accuracy. Furthermore, the survival analysis in this paper provides clues for quantatively evaluating tagging performance.
引文
[1] 程家骅,姜亚洲.海洋生物资源增殖放流回顾与展望[J].中国水产科学,2010,17(3):610-617.CHENG J H,JIANG Y Z.Marine stock enhancement:Review and prospect[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2010,17(3):610-617.
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[8] 徐永江,柳学周,张凯,等.编码金属标签对牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)苗种标记的效果[J].渔业科学进展,2017,38(1):168-174.XU Y J,LIU X Z,ZHANG K,et al.Tagging juvenile Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) with coded wire tags[J].Progress in Fishery Sciences,2017,38(1):168-174.
[9] 徐开达,王好学,姜亚洲,等.3种日本黄姑鱼放流标志方法的比较[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2018,57(3):363-368.XU K D,WANG H X,JIANG Y Z,et al.Comparison of three tagging methods for the release of Nibea japonica[J].Journal of Xiamen University(Natural Science),2018,57(3):363-368.
[10] 蔡梦.生存分析理论及其应用研究综述[J].价值工程,2016,35(10):19-21.CAI M.The theory and application research review of survival analysis[J].Value Engineering,2016,35(10):19-21.
[11] POLLOCK K H,WINTERSTEIN S R,CONROY M J.Estimation and analysis of survival distributions for radio-tagged animals[J].Biometrics,1989,45(1):99-109.
[12] COOK K V,BROWN R S,DENG Z D,et al.A comparison of implantation methods for large PIT tags or injectable acoustic transmitters in juvenile chinook salmon[J].Fisheries Research,2014,154(3):213-223.
[13] SMITH N J,MCCALL P L,SUTTON T M.Effects of different tagging protocols on survival,growth,and tag retention in juvenile least cisco Coregonus sardinella[J].Fisheries Research,2017,187:68-72.
[14] 施晓峰,史会来,楼宝,等.黄鳍鲷生物学特性及人工繁养现状[J].河北渔业,2012(1):52-55.SHI X F,SHI H L,LOU B,et al.Biological characteristics and artificial propagation,culture technique for Sparus latus (Houttuyn)[J].Hebei Fisheries,2012(1):52-55.
[15] ZHU T B,GAN M Y,WANG X G,et al.An evaluation of elastomer and coded wire tag performance in juvenile Tibet fish Oxygymnocypris stewartii (Lloyd,1908) under laboratory conditions[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2017,33(3):498-501.
[16] DIXON C J,MESA M G.Survival and tag loss in Moapa White River springfish implanted with passive integrated transponder tags[J].Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,2011,140(5):1375-1379.
[17] 刘永珍,张雪峰,程玉梅,等.随机、对照、重复和均衡原则在安评试验中的重要性[J].毒理学杂志,2007,21(4):312.LIU Y Z,ZHANG X F,CHENG Y M,et al.The importance of the principles of randomness,contrast,repetition and equilibrium in safety assessment trials[J].Journal of Toxicology,2007,21(4):312.
[18] REES E M A,BRITTON J R,GODARD M J.Efficacy of tagging European catfish Silurus glanis(L.,1758) released into ponds[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2014,30(1):127-129.
[19] BREWER M A,RUDERSHAUSEN P J,STERBA-BOATWRIGHT B D,et al.Survival,tag retention,and growth of spot and mummichog following PIT tag implantation[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,2016,36(3):639-651.
[20] 刘芝亮,徐永江,柳学周,等.T型标志牌标记牙鲆苗种[J].渔业科学进展,2013,34(6):80-86.LIU Z L,XU Y J,LIU X Z,et al.Tagging of Japanese flounder using T-bar tags[J].Progress in Fishery Sciences,2013,34(6):80-86.
[21] RIKARDSEN A H,WOODGATE M,THOMPSON D A.A comparison of Floy and soft Vlalpha tags on hatchery Arctic charr,with emphasis on tag retention,growth and survival[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,2002,64(1-3):269-273.
[22] 黄国光,梁伟峰,王云新,等.穿体标志对黄鳍鲷幼鱼的生长、存活及脱标的影响[J].广东海洋大学学报,2009,29(1):31-35.HUANG G G,LIANG W F,WANG Y X,et al.Growth,survival and mark shedding of juvenile Sparus latus Houttuyn with coded plastic tags[J].Journal of Guangdong Ocean University,2009,29(1):31-35.
[23] 吕少梁,王学锋,李纯厚.鱼类标志放流步骤的优选及其在黄鳍棘鲷中的应用[J].水产学报,2019,43(3):584-592.LYU S L,WANG X F,LI C H.Optimization of key procedures for fish tagging and releasing with its application to yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) [J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2019,43(3):584-592.
[24] BODINE K A,FLEMING P.Retention of PIT and T-bar anchor tags in blue catfish[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,2014,34(1):68-71.
[2] 周永东.浙江沿海渔业资源放流增殖的回顾与展望[J].海洋渔业,2004,26(2):131-139.ZHOU Y D.The retrospection and prospect of releasing and enhancement of fishery resources in Zhejiang coastal waters[J].Marine Fisheries,2004,26(2):131-139.
[3] 周辉霞,甘维熊.鱼类标记技术研究进展及在人工增殖放流中的应用[J].湖北农业科学,2017,56(7):1206-1210.ZHOU H X,GAN W X.Advances in fish labeling technology and its application in artificial proliferation and release[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2017,56(7):1206-1210.
[4] 周永东,徐汉祥,戴小杰,等.几种标志方法在渔业资源增殖放流中的应用效果[J].福建水产,2008(1):6-12.ZHOU Y D,XU H X,DAI X J,et al.An application effect of several tagged methods in fisheries resource enhancement[J].Journal of Fujian Fisheries,2008(1):6-12.
[5] RUDE N P,WHITLEDGE G W,PHELPS Q E,et al.Long-term PIT and T-Bar anchor tag retention rates in adult muskellunge[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,2011,31(3):515-519.
[6] 孙忠,余方平,王跃斌.鮸鱼增殖放流标志技术的初步研究[J].海洋渔业,2007,29(4):344-348.SUN Z,YU F P,WANG Y B.Preliminary study on the tagging techniques for the release and enhancement of Miichthys miiuy[J].Marine Fisheries,2007,29(4):344-348.
[7] 柳学周,徐永江,陈学周,等.半滑舌鳎苗种体外挂牌标志技术研究[J].海洋科学进展,2013,31(2):273-280.LIU X Z,XU Y J,CHEN X Z,et al.Study on tagging of the tongue sole using T-bar tags[J].Advances in Marine Science,2013,31(2):273-280.
[8] 徐永江,柳学周,张凯,等.编码金属标签对牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)苗种标记的效果[J].渔业科学进展,2017,38(1):168-174.XU Y J,LIU X Z,ZHANG K,et al.Tagging juvenile Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) with coded wire tags[J].Progress in Fishery Sciences,2017,38(1):168-174.
[9] 徐开达,王好学,姜亚洲,等.3种日本黄姑鱼放流标志方法的比较[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2018,57(3):363-368.XU K D,WANG H X,JIANG Y Z,et al.Comparison of three tagging methods for the release of Nibea japonica[J].Journal of Xiamen University(Natural Science),2018,57(3):363-368.
[10] 蔡梦.生存分析理论及其应用研究综述[J].价值工程,2016,35(10):19-21.CAI M.The theory and application research review of survival analysis[J].Value Engineering,2016,35(10):19-21.
[11] POLLOCK K H,WINTERSTEIN S R,CONROY M J.Estimation and analysis of survival distributions for radio-tagged animals[J].Biometrics,1989,45(1):99-109.
[12] COOK K V,BROWN R S,DENG Z D,et al.A comparison of implantation methods for large PIT tags or injectable acoustic transmitters in juvenile chinook salmon[J].Fisheries Research,2014,154(3):213-223.
[13] SMITH N J,MCCALL P L,SUTTON T M.Effects of different tagging protocols on survival,growth,and tag retention in juvenile least cisco Coregonus sardinella[J].Fisheries Research,2017,187:68-72.
[14] 施晓峰,史会来,楼宝,等.黄鳍鲷生物学特性及人工繁养现状[J].河北渔业,2012(1):52-55.SHI X F,SHI H L,LOU B,et al.Biological characteristics and artificial propagation,culture technique for Sparus latus (Houttuyn)[J].Hebei Fisheries,2012(1):52-55.
[15] ZHU T B,GAN M Y,WANG X G,et al.An evaluation of elastomer and coded wire tag performance in juvenile Tibet fish Oxygymnocypris stewartii (Lloyd,1908) under laboratory conditions[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2017,33(3):498-501.
[16] DIXON C J,MESA M G.Survival and tag loss in Moapa White River springfish implanted with passive integrated transponder tags[J].Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,2011,140(5):1375-1379.
[17] 刘永珍,张雪峰,程玉梅,等.随机、对照、重复和均衡原则在安评试验中的重要性[J].毒理学杂志,2007,21(4):312.LIU Y Z,ZHANG X F,CHENG Y M,et al.The importance of the principles of randomness,contrast,repetition and equilibrium in safety assessment trials[J].Journal of Toxicology,2007,21(4):312.
[18] REES E M A,BRITTON J R,GODARD M J.Efficacy of tagging European catfish Silurus glanis(L.,1758) released into ponds[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2014,30(1):127-129.
[19] BREWER M A,RUDERSHAUSEN P J,STERBA-BOATWRIGHT B D,et al.Survival,tag retention,and growth of spot and mummichog following PIT tag implantation[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,2016,36(3):639-651.
[20] 刘芝亮,徐永江,柳学周,等.T型标志牌标记牙鲆苗种[J].渔业科学进展,2013,34(6):80-86.LIU Z L,XU Y J,LIU X Z,et al.Tagging of Japanese flounder using T-bar tags[J].Progress in Fishery Sciences,2013,34(6):80-86.
[21] RIKARDSEN A H,WOODGATE M,THOMPSON D A.A comparison of Floy and soft Vlalpha tags on hatchery Arctic charr,with emphasis on tag retention,growth and survival[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,2002,64(1-3):269-273.
[22] 黄国光,梁伟峰,王云新,等.穿体标志对黄鳍鲷幼鱼的生长、存活及脱标的影响[J].广东海洋大学学报,2009,29(1):31-35.HUANG G G,LIANG W F,WANG Y X,et al.Growth,survival and mark shedding of juvenile Sparus latus Houttuyn with coded plastic tags[J].Journal of Guangdong Ocean University,2009,29(1):31-35.
[23] 吕少梁,王学锋,李纯厚.鱼类标志放流步骤的优选及其在黄鳍棘鲷中的应用[J].水产学报,2019,43(3):584-592.LYU S L,WANG X F,LI C H.Optimization of key procedures for fish tagging and releasing with its application to yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) [J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2019,43(3):584-592.
[24] BODINE K A,FLEMING P.Retention of PIT and T-bar anchor tags in blue catfish[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,2014,34(1):68-71.