南海鸢乌贼耳石微量元素差异性分析
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摘要
文章通过激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱法(laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,LA-ICP-MS)测量南海鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)耳石微量元素浓度,分析鸢乌贼耳石微量元素组成及与钙(Ca)元素比值的变化,探讨其存在的差异和与栖息环境之间的关系。结果表明,鸢乌贼耳石主要微量元素为Ca、锶(Sr)、钠(Na)、铁(Fe)、钡(Ba)、锰(Mn)。方差分析表明,鸢乌贼中型群和微型群及其性别间耳石微量元素浓度差异不显著(P>0.05)。除Fe/Ca外,不同耳石区域微量元素浓度与Ca比值存在显著性差异(P<0.01)。核心区Sr/Ca最高,随后逐渐降低,不同产卵群体和地理区域耳石Sr/Ca无显著差异(P>0.05)。幼体期Sr/Ca与温度呈正相关性,与盐度呈负相关性,可以作为良好的温度指标。Na/Ca先增大后减小,暗区最高,核心区和后核心区Na/Ca在不同产卵群体间差异显著(P<0.01)。Mn/Ca和Ba/Ca先减小后增大,暗区最低,随后分别在边缘区和外围区增大。成体期耳石Ba/Ca与盐度呈正相关,可以作为垂直移动的指标。Fe/Ca在不同产卵群体和地理区域中差异显著(P<0.01)。分析认为,Na/Ca和Fe/Ca较为适合研究南海鸢乌贼不同群体的划分,Sr/Ca和Ba/Ca可用于推测鸢乌贼的栖息环境。
Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS) was used to measure the concentration of trace elements in the otolith of the South China Sea squid(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis). The composition of trace elements in the otolith and the change of the ratio of trace elements to calcium(Ca) were analyzed. The differences and the relationship between the otolith and habitat were discussed. The results show that the main trace elements are Ca, Sr, Na, Fe, Ba and Mn. Analysis of variance(ANOVA) reveals no significant difference between populations and genders(P>0.05). There was significant difference in the ratio of trace elements to calcium among different regions of statolith(P<0.01) except for Fe/Ca. The Sr/Ca ratio was the highest in the nucleus and then decreased. There was no significant difference in Sr/Ca ratios among different spawning groups and geographical regions(P>0.05). There was a positive relationship between Sr/Ca and temperature, and a negative relationship with salinity at the larval stage. Sr/Ca can be used as a good temperature indicator. Na/Ca first increased and then decreased, highest at the dark zone.Na/Ca is significantly different among different spawning populations at the nuclear and post nuclear zones(P<0.01). Mn/Ca and Ba/Ca, which first decreased and then increased(lowest in the dark region), increased at the edge zone and peripheral zone. There was a positive relationship between Ba/Ca and salinity at adult stage, and Ba/Ca can be used as an indicator of vertical movement.Fe/Ca was significantly different among different spawning populations and geographic areas(P<0.01). It is shown that Na/Ca and Fe/Ca are suitable for distinguish of different groups of squid, and Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca can be used to estimate the habitat environment of squids in the South China Sea.
Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS) was used to measure the concentration of trace elements in the otolith of the South China Sea squid(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis). The composition of trace elements in the otolith and the change of the ratio of trace elements to calcium(Ca) were analyzed. The differences and the relationship between the otolith and habitat were discussed. The results show that the main trace elements are Ca, Sr, Na, Fe, Ba and Mn. Analysis of variance(ANOVA) reveals no significant difference between populations and genders(P>0.05). There was significant difference in the ratio of trace elements to calcium among different regions of statolith(P<0.01) except for Fe/Ca. The Sr/Ca ratio was the highest in the nucleus and then decreased. There was no significant difference in Sr/Ca ratios among different spawning groups and geographical regions(P>0.05). There was a positive relationship between Sr/Ca and temperature, and a negative relationship with salinity at the larval stage. Sr/Ca can be used as a good temperature indicator. Na/Ca first increased and then decreased, highest at the dark zone.Na/Ca is significantly different among different spawning populations at the nuclear and post nuclear zones(P<0.01). Mn/Ca and Ba/Ca, which first decreased and then increased(lowest in the dark region), increased at the edge zone and peripheral zone. There was a positive relationship between Ba/Ca and salinity at adult stage, and Ba/Ca can be used as an indicator of vertical movement.Fe/Ca was significantly different among different spawning populations and geographic areas(P<0.01). It is shown that Na/Ca and Fe/Ca are suitable for distinguish of different groups of squid, and Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca can be used to estimate the habitat environment of squids in the South China Sea.
引文
[1]董正之.世界大洋经济头足类生物学[M].济南:山东科学技术出版社, 1991:91-94.
[2]李斌,陈国宝,郭禹,等.南海中部海域渔业资源时空分布和资源量的水声学评估[J].南方水产科学, 2016, 12(4):28-37.
[3]刘必林,陈新军,钟俊生.采用耳石研究印度洋西北海域鸢乌贼的年龄、生长和种群结构[J].大连水产学院学报, 2009, 24(3):206-212.
[4]招春旭,陈昭澎,何雄波,等.基于耳石微结构的南海春季鸢乌贼日龄、生长与种群结构的研究[J].水生生物学报, 2017, 41(4):884-890.
[5]徐红云,崔雪森,周为峰,等.基于海洋遥感的南海外海鸢乌贼最适栖息环境分析[J].生态学杂志, 2016, 35(11):3080-3085.
[6]余景,胡启伟,李纯厚,等.西沙—中沙海域春季鸢乌贼资源与海洋环境的关系[J].海洋学报, 2017, 39(6):62-73.
[7]张鹏,晏磊,杨炳忠,等.春季南沙海域鸢乌贼种群结构特征的研究[J].南方水产科学, 2015, 11(5):11-19.
[8]朱凯,杜飞雁,王雪辉,等.南海中南部鸢乌贼中型群群体结构[J].应用生态学报, 2017, 28(4):1370-1376.
[9]刘必林.头足类耳石[M].北京:科学出版社, 2011:28-30.
[10]GILLANDERS B M, WILKINSON L M, MUNRO A R, et al.Statolith chemistry of two life history stages of cuttlefish:effects of temperature and seawater trace element concentration[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2013, 101:12-23.
[11]LIU B L, CAO J, TRUESDELL S B, et al. Reconstructing cephalopod migration with statolith elemental signatures:a case study using Dosidicus gigas[J]. Fish Sci:FS, 2016, 82(3):425-433.
[12]ARKHIPKIN A I, ALEXANDER I. Statoliths as'black boxes'(life recorders)in squid[J]. Mar Freshw Res, 2005, 56(5):573-583.
[13]刘必林,陈新军,马金,等.头足类耳石的微化学研究进展[J].水产学报, 2010, 34(2):315-321.
[14]LIU B L, CHEN X J, CHEN Y, et al. Geographic variation in statolith trace elements of the Humboldt squid, Dosidicus gigas,in high seas of Eastern Pacific Ocean[J]. Mar Biol, 2013, 160(11):2853-2862.
[15]ZUMHOLZ K, HANSTEEN T H, PIATKOWSKI U, et al. Influence of temperature and salinity on the trace element incorporation into statoliths of the common cuttlefish(Sepia officinalis)[J].Mar Biol, 2007, 151(4):1321-1330.
[16]CHEN X J, LU H J, LIU B L, et al. Age, growth and population structure of jumbo flying squid, Dosidicus gigas, based on statolith microstructure off the EEZ of Chilean waters[J]. J Mar Biol Ass UK, 2010, 91(1):229-235.
[17]李建华,陈新军,刘必林,等.哥斯达黎加外海茎柔鱼耳石的微量元素[J].水产学报, 2013, 37(4):502-511.
[18]LIU Y, HU Z, GAO S, et al. In situ analysis of major and trace elements of anhydrous minerals by LA-ICP-MS without applying an internal standard[J]. Chem Geol, 2008, 257(1):34-43.
[19]ARKHIPKIN A I, BJORKE H. Statolith shape and microstructure as indicators of ontogenetic shifts in the squid Gonatus fabricii(Oegopsida, Gonatidae)from the Norwegian Sea[J]. Polar Biol, 2000, 23(1):1-10.
[20]ARKHIPKIN A I, BJORKE H. Ontogenetic changes in morphometric and reproductive indices of the squid Gonatus fabricii(Oegopsida, Gonatidae)in the Norwegian Sea[J]. Polar Biol,1999, 22(6):357-365.
[21]YATSU A, MOCHIOKA N, MORISHITA K, et al. Strontium/Calcium ratios in statoliths of the Neon flying squid, Ommastrephes bartrami(Cephalopoda), in the North Pacific Ocean[J]. Mar Biol, 1998, 131(2):275-282.
[22]BUSTAMANTE P, TEYSSIE J L, FOWLER S W, et al. Biokinetics of zinc and cadmium accumulation and depuration at different stages in the life cycle of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis[J].Mar Ecol Prog Ser, 2002, 231(1):167-177.
[23]ZUMHOLZ K, ANDREAS K, HANSTEEN T, et al. Statolith microchemistry traces the environmental history of the boreoatlantic armhook squid Gonatus fabricii[J]. Mar Ecol Prog Ser, 2007,333(1):195-204.
[24]陆化杰,刘必林,陈新军,等.智利外海茎柔鱼耳石微量元素研究[J].海洋渔业, 2013, 35(3):269-277.
[25]ARKHIPKIN A I, CAMPANA S E, FITZGERALD J, et al. Spatial and temporal variation in elemental signatures of statoliths[J].Can J Fish Aqua Sci, 2004, 61(7):1212-1224.
[26]LIU B L, CHEN X J, CHEN Y, et al. Trace elements in the statoliths of jumbo flying squid off the exclusive economic zones of Chile and Peru[J]. Mar Ecol Prog Ser, 2011, 429(93):93-101.
[27]沈国英,施并章.海洋生态学[M].厦门:厦门大学出版社, 1990:122-123.
[28]徐红云.南海外海鸢乌贼栖息地分布与关键环境因子分析[D].上海:上海海洋大学, 2017:32-33.
[2]李斌,陈国宝,郭禹,等.南海中部海域渔业资源时空分布和资源量的水声学评估[J].南方水产科学, 2016, 12(4):28-37.
[3]刘必林,陈新军,钟俊生.采用耳石研究印度洋西北海域鸢乌贼的年龄、生长和种群结构[J].大连水产学院学报, 2009, 24(3):206-212.
[4]招春旭,陈昭澎,何雄波,等.基于耳石微结构的南海春季鸢乌贼日龄、生长与种群结构的研究[J].水生生物学报, 2017, 41(4):884-890.
[5]徐红云,崔雪森,周为峰,等.基于海洋遥感的南海外海鸢乌贼最适栖息环境分析[J].生态学杂志, 2016, 35(11):3080-3085.
[6]余景,胡启伟,李纯厚,等.西沙—中沙海域春季鸢乌贼资源与海洋环境的关系[J].海洋学报, 2017, 39(6):62-73.
[7]张鹏,晏磊,杨炳忠,等.春季南沙海域鸢乌贼种群结构特征的研究[J].南方水产科学, 2015, 11(5):11-19.
[8]朱凯,杜飞雁,王雪辉,等.南海中南部鸢乌贼中型群群体结构[J].应用生态学报, 2017, 28(4):1370-1376.
[9]刘必林.头足类耳石[M].北京:科学出版社, 2011:28-30.
[10]GILLANDERS B M, WILKINSON L M, MUNRO A R, et al.Statolith chemistry of two life history stages of cuttlefish:effects of temperature and seawater trace element concentration[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2013, 101:12-23.
[11]LIU B L, CAO J, TRUESDELL S B, et al. Reconstructing cephalopod migration with statolith elemental signatures:a case study using Dosidicus gigas[J]. Fish Sci:FS, 2016, 82(3):425-433.
[12]ARKHIPKIN A I, ALEXANDER I. Statoliths as'black boxes'(life recorders)in squid[J]. Mar Freshw Res, 2005, 56(5):573-583.
[13]刘必林,陈新军,马金,等.头足类耳石的微化学研究进展[J].水产学报, 2010, 34(2):315-321.
[14]LIU B L, CHEN X J, CHEN Y, et al. Geographic variation in statolith trace elements of the Humboldt squid, Dosidicus gigas,in high seas of Eastern Pacific Ocean[J]. Mar Biol, 2013, 160(11):2853-2862.
[15]ZUMHOLZ K, HANSTEEN T H, PIATKOWSKI U, et al. Influence of temperature and salinity on the trace element incorporation into statoliths of the common cuttlefish(Sepia officinalis)[J].Mar Biol, 2007, 151(4):1321-1330.
[16]CHEN X J, LU H J, LIU B L, et al. Age, growth and population structure of jumbo flying squid, Dosidicus gigas, based on statolith microstructure off the EEZ of Chilean waters[J]. J Mar Biol Ass UK, 2010, 91(1):229-235.
[17]李建华,陈新军,刘必林,等.哥斯达黎加外海茎柔鱼耳石的微量元素[J].水产学报, 2013, 37(4):502-511.
[18]LIU Y, HU Z, GAO S, et al. In situ analysis of major and trace elements of anhydrous minerals by LA-ICP-MS without applying an internal standard[J]. Chem Geol, 2008, 257(1):34-43.
[19]ARKHIPKIN A I, BJORKE H. Statolith shape and microstructure as indicators of ontogenetic shifts in the squid Gonatus fabricii(Oegopsida, Gonatidae)from the Norwegian Sea[J]. Polar Biol, 2000, 23(1):1-10.
[20]ARKHIPKIN A I, BJORKE H. Ontogenetic changes in morphometric and reproductive indices of the squid Gonatus fabricii(Oegopsida, Gonatidae)in the Norwegian Sea[J]. Polar Biol,1999, 22(6):357-365.
[21]YATSU A, MOCHIOKA N, MORISHITA K, et al. Strontium/Calcium ratios in statoliths of the Neon flying squid, Ommastrephes bartrami(Cephalopoda), in the North Pacific Ocean[J]. Mar Biol, 1998, 131(2):275-282.
[22]BUSTAMANTE P, TEYSSIE J L, FOWLER S W, et al. Biokinetics of zinc and cadmium accumulation and depuration at different stages in the life cycle of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis[J].Mar Ecol Prog Ser, 2002, 231(1):167-177.
[23]ZUMHOLZ K, ANDREAS K, HANSTEEN T, et al. Statolith microchemistry traces the environmental history of the boreoatlantic armhook squid Gonatus fabricii[J]. Mar Ecol Prog Ser, 2007,333(1):195-204.
[24]陆化杰,刘必林,陈新军,等.智利外海茎柔鱼耳石微量元素研究[J].海洋渔业, 2013, 35(3):269-277.
[25]ARKHIPKIN A I, CAMPANA S E, FITZGERALD J, et al. Spatial and temporal variation in elemental signatures of statoliths[J].Can J Fish Aqua Sci, 2004, 61(7):1212-1224.
[26]LIU B L, CHEN X J, CHEN Y, et al. Trace elements in the statoliths of jumbo flying squid off the exclusive economic zones of Chile and Peru[J]. Mar Ecol Prog Ser, 2011, 429(93):93-101.
[27]沈国英,施并章.海洋生态学[M].厦门:厦门大学出版社, 1990:122-123.
[28]徐红云.南海外海鸢乌贼栖息地分布与关键环境因子分析[D].上海:上海海洋大学, 2017:32-33.