2018年甘肃省定西市农村饮用水水质健康风险评价
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摘要
目的了解甘肃省定西市农村饮用水水质状况,评估农村饮用水对人群健康的潜在危害,为有关部门的饮用水风险管理提供数据支持。方法应用美国环境保护署推荐的健康风险评价模型,对2018年定西市农村饮用水(末梢水)监测结果评价健康风险。结果 2018年定西市农村饮用水(末梢水)年致癌性健康风险为1.44E-06(a~(-1)),致癌物的健康风险顺序为铬(六价)>镉>砷>三氯甲烷>四氯化碳>铅;年非致癌性健康风险为4.12E-09(a~(-1)),排序前三位的为氟化物、砷和硝酸盐氮;年健康总风险为1.44E-06(a~(-1)),以致癌性健康风险为主,占健康总风险的99.71%,各县(区)健康总风险排序为通渭县>安定区>陇西县>临洮县>渭源县>漳县>岷县。结论定西市农村饮用水年健康总风险在国际辐射防护委员会(5.0E-05)和美国环境保护署(1.0E-04)推荐的最大可接受风险水平值以内,长期饮用不会对人体产生危害;健康风险主要由致癌性化学物引起,应予以重点关注;不同县(区)致癌性化学物健康风险排序不同,应针对各自的主要致癌物查找原因,制定整改方案;氟化物引起的非致癌性健康风险不容忽视。
Objective To understand the quality status of rural drinking water in Dingxi city of Gansu province, evaluate the potential hazard of rural drinking water to the population health, and provide data support for related department managing the risk of drinking water. Methods The health risk assessment model recommended by US Environmental Protection Agency was applied to evaluate the health risk of the surveillance results of rural drinking water(terminal water) in Dingxi in2018. Results The annual carcinogenic risk was 1.44E-06(a~(-1)) in Dingxi city in 2018, with the risk sequence of carcinogens of chromium(hexavalent) > cadmium > arsenic > chloroform > carbon tetrachloride > lead. The annual noncarcinogenic risk was 4.12 E-09(a~(-1)), with the top three chemical compounds of fluoride, arsenic and nitrate nitrogen. The annual total risk was 1.44 E-06(a~(-1)), the cancer-related risks were the dominant and accounted for 99.71% of total health risks.The total risk sequence among all counties(district) was Tongwei county > Anding district > Longxi county > Lintao county > Weiyuan county > Zhang county > Min county. Conclusions As the recommendation of International Radiation Protection Committee(5.0E-05) and US Environmental Protection Agency(1.0E-04), the annual total health risk of rural drinking water is lower than the maximum acceptable level, without hazard to human health if drinking in Dingxi city for long time. Attention should be paid to carcinogenic chemicals resulting in health risk. The sources of the carcinogenic chemicals should be searched for and the rectification plan should be formulated according to the health risk sequence in all counties(district). The non-carcinogenic risk of fluoride cannot be ignored.
Objective To understand the quality status of rural drinking water in Dingxi city of Gansu province, evaluate the potential hazard of rural drinking water to the population health, and provide data support for related department managing the risk of drinking water. Methods The health risk assessment model recommended by US Environmental Protection Agency was applied to evaluate the health risk of the surveillance results of rural drinking water(terminal water) in Dingxi in2018. Results The annual carcinogenic risk was 1.44E-06(a~(-1)) in Dingxi city in 2018, with the risk sequence of carcinogens of chromium(hexavalent) > cadmium > arsenic > chloroform > carbon tetrachloride > lead. The annual noncarcinogenic risk was 4.12 E-09(a~(-1)), with the top three chemical compounds of fluoride, arsenic and nitrate nitrogen. The annual total risk was 1.44 E-06(a~(-1)), the cancer-related risks were the dominant and accounted for 99.71% of total health risks.The total risk sequence among all counties(district) was Tongwei county > Anding district > Longxi county > Lintao county > Weiyuan county > Zhang county > Min county. Conclusions As the recommendation of International Radiation Protection Committee(5.0E-05) and US Environmental Protection Agency(1.0E-04), the annual total health risk of rural drinking water is lower than the maximum acceptable level, without hazard to human health if drinking in Dingxi city for long time. Attention should be paid to carcinogenic chemicals resulting in health risk. The sources of the carcinogenic chemicals should be searched for and the rectification plan should be formulated according to the health risk sequence in all counties(district). The non-carcinogenic risk of fluoride cannot be ignored.
引文
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[10]符刚,曾强,赵亮,等.基于GIS的天津饮用水水质健康风险[J].环境科学,2015,36(12):4553-4560.
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[16]王凯,林在生,陈训梅,等.福建省农村生活饮用水健康风险评价[J].河南预防医学杂志,2018,29(3):161-167.
[17]张男.鞍山市饮水型氟中毒病区降氟改水对儿童氟斑牙患病率影响的调查[D].沈阳:中国医科大学,2018.
[18]尹玉岩,高杰,张本政,等.2009─2014年山东省饮用型地方性氟中毒监测结果分析[J].环境与健康杂志,2017,34(4):345-349.
[19]赵芹,崔登峰,王平林,等.甘肃省庆阳市农村生活饮用水卫生监测分析[J].疾病预防控制通报,2016,31(5):23-25.
[20]贾忠建,乔屹华,年志红,等.平凉市2009─2011年农村生活饮用水监测结果分析[J].中国卫生工程学,2015,14(4):380-381.
[2]邓春拓,何伦发,郭艳,等.珠三角某市生活饮用水中化学污染物健康风险评价[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2017,21(5):523-527.
[3]严燕,罗文亮,牟敬锋,等.深圳成年居民饮用水健康风险暴露参数的调查[J].职业与健康,2016,32(23):3264-3266.
[4]申娅,王爱雯,杨建波,等.重庆秀山县城市饮用水水质特征及健康风险评价[J].环境影响评价,2017,39(5):53-57.
[5]章英,谢许情,熊文艳.南昌市生活饮用水健康风险评价[J].现代预防医学,2014,41(13):2327-2329.
[6]谢许情,赖肖,章英.南昌市城市饮用水水质健康风险评价[J].环境卫生学杂志,2016,6(1):51-59.
[7]叶坚,廖雅芬,古翠红,等.2016─2017肇庆市饮用水中15个卫生指标的健康风险评估[J].职业与健康,2018,34(9):1251-1257.
[8]赵敏娴,刘强,杨海兵,等.2017年苏州市生活饮用水重金属污染物的健康风险评价[J].职业与健康,2018,34(14):1957-1960.
[9]赵金辉,郭欣,孙庆华.环境健康风险评估在某市居民生活饮用水中的应用[J].环境卫生学杂志,2018,8(3):221-225.
[10]符刚,曾强,赵亮,等.基于GIS的天津饮用水水质健康风险[J].环境科学,2015,36(12):4553-4560.
[11]US Environment Protection Agency.Superfund public health evaluation manual[R].Washington DC:US EPA,1986.
[12]US Environment Protection Agency.Risk assessment guidance for superfund volume I human health e valuation manual(PartA)[R].Washington DC:US EPA,1989.
[13]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.2013年中国卫生统计年鉴[R].北京:中国协和医科大学,2014:365.
[14]陈康.健康风险评价中经饮水途径暴露参数的估计[J].环境卫生学杂志,2015,5(4):348-352.
[15]HU E.Practical technology and measure of environmental risk assessment[M].Beijing:China Environmental Scienees Press,2000(in Chinese).
[16]王凯,林在生,陈训梅,等.福建省农村生活饮用水健康风险评价[J].河南预防医学杂志,2018,29(3):161-167.
[17]张男.鞍山市饮水型氟中毒病区降氟改水对儿童氟斑牙患病率影响的调查[D].沈阳:中国医科大学,2018.
[18]尹玉岩,高杰,张本政,等.2009─2014年山东省饮用型地方性氟中毒监测结果分析[J].环境与健康杂志,2017,34(4):345-349.
[19]赵芹,崔登峰,王平林,等.甘肃省庆阳市农村生活饮用水卫生监测分析[J].疾病预防控制通报,2016,31(5):23-25.
[20]贾忠建,乔屹华,年志红,等.平凉市2009─2011年农村生活饮用水监测结果分析[J].中国卫生工程学,2015,14(4):380-381.
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