藏南拿日雍措片麻岩穹窿淡色花岗岩稀有金属的富集
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摘要
拿日雍措穹窿(错那洞穹窿)位于北喜马拉雅穹窿的东部,穹隆内花岗岩种类较多,有淡色花岗岩、含石榴子石淡色花岗岩、片理化淡色花岗岩、含石榴子石和含绿柱石伟晶岩.这些花岗岩为经历了斜长石、锆石、独居石、磷灰石、富Ti矿物等分离结晶作用而形成的高度演化花岗岩,相对于维氏世界花岗岩平均值,富集Bi、Cs、Li、Sn、Be、Pb、B、W、Ta等稀有金属成矿元素,略贫Nb元素.同时,围岩也相对富集稀有金属元素.全岩地球化学分析表明,引起拿日雍措穹隆淡色花岗岩富集稀有金属成矿元素的因素是分离结晶作用和热液交代作用.高度演化淡色花岗岩在喜马拉雅造山带广泛分布,铌铁矿、钽铁矿、锡石和绿柱石等稀有金属矿物已在多处露头被识别,暗示了喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩是未来稀有金属矿产勘探的重要靶区.
The Nariyongcuo gneiss dome,located to eastern Tethyan Himalaya, consists of many types of granites, containing twomica granite, foliated leucogranites, garnet-bearing leucogranite, garnet-bearing pegmatite, and beryl-bearing pegmatite. All the Nariyongcuo leucogranites are evolved granites and resulted from various degrees of collective fractional crystallization of plagioclase, zircon, monazite, apatite and Ti-rich mineral phases. Comparing with Victorinox value of granites, these granites are enriched in rare metal elements of Bi, Cs, Li, Sn, Be, Pb, B, W, Ta, but relatively depleted in Nb. In addition, the wall rocks are also enriched in rare metal elements. Whole rock geochemical data imply that fractional crystallization and hydrothermal metasomatism resulted in rare metal mineralization within the Nariyongcuo gneiss dome. In the Himalayan belt, high evolved granites are widely distributed, and commonly contain rare metal-bearing minerals(niobite, tapiolite, cassiterite, beryl),suggesting that the Himalaya belt could be another new important target for the exploration of race metal deposits.
The Nariyongcuo gneiss dome,located to eastern Tethyan Himalaya, consists of many types of granites, containing twomica granite, foliated leucogranites, garnet-bearing leucogranite, garnet-bearing pegmatite, and beryl-bearing pegmatite. All the Nariyongcuo leucogranites are evolved granites and resulted from various degrees of collective fractional crystallization of plagioclase, zircon, monazite, apatite and Ti-rich mineral phases. Comparing with Victorinox value of granites, these granites are enriched in rare metal elements of Bi, Cs, Li, Sn, Be, Pb, B, W, Ta, but relatively depleted in Nb. In addition, the wall rocks are also enriched in rare metal elements. Whole rock geochemical data imply that fractional crystallization and hydrothermal metasomatism resulted in rare metal mineralization within the Nariyongcuo gneiss dome. In the Himalayan belt, high evolved granites are widely distributed, and commonly contain rare metal-bearing minerals(niobite, tapiolite, cassiterite, beryl),suggesting that the Himalaya belt could be another new important target for the exploration of race metal deposits.
引文
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Cerny,P.,Belvin,P.L.,Cuney,M.,et al.,2005.Granite-Related Ore Deposits.Economic Geology,107(2):383-384.
Chen,J.,Lu,J.J.,Chen,W.F.,et al.,2008.W-Sn-Nb-Ta-Bearing Granites in the Nanling Range and Their Relationship to Metallogengesis.Geological Journal of China Universities,14(4):459-473(in Chinese with English abstract).
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Fu,J.G.,Li,G.M.,Wang,G.H.,et al.,2018.Timing of E-WExtension Deformationin North Himalaya:Evidences from Ar-Ar Age in the Cuonadong Dome,SouthTibet.Earth Sicence,43(8):2638-2650(in Chinese with English abstract).https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2018.530
Gao,L.E.,Zeng,L.S.,Asimow,P.D.,2017.Contrasting Geochemical Signatures of Fluid-Absent versus Fluid-Fluxed Melting of Muscovite in Metasedimentary Sources:The Himalayan Leucogranites.Geology,45(1):39-42.https://doi.org/10.1130/g38336.1
Gao,L.E.,Zeng,L.S.,Gao,J.H.,et al.,2017.The Miocene Leucogranite in the Nariyongcuo Gneiss Domes,Southern Tibet:Products from Melting Metapelite and Fractional Crystallization.Acta Petrologica Sinica,33(8):2395-2411(in Chinese with English abstract).
Glazner,A.F.,Coleman,D.S.,Bartley,J.M.,2008.The Tenuous Connection between High-Silica Rhyolites and Granodiorite Plutons.Geology,36(2):183-186.https://doi.org/10.1130/g24496a.1
Groves,D.I.,McCarthy,T.S.,1978.Fractional Crystallization and the Origin of Tin Deposits in Granitoinds.Mineralium Deposita,13(1):11-22.https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00202905.
Guo,C.L.,Zeng,L.S.,Gao,L.E.,et al.,2017.Highly Fractionated Granitic Minerals and Whole-Rock Geochemistry Prospecting Markers in Hetian,Fujian Province.Acta Geologica Sinica,91(8):1796-1817(in Chinese with English abstract).
Hua,R.M.,Zhang,W.L.,Gu,S.Y.,et al.,2007.Comparison between REE Granite and W-Sn Granite in the Nanling Region,South China,and Their Mineralization.Acta Petrologica Sinica,23(10):2321-2328(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jiang,S.Y.,Zhao,K.D.,Jiang,Y.H.,et al.,2006.New Type of Tin Mineralization Related to Granite in South China:Evidence from Mineral Chemistry,Element and Isotope Geochemistry.Acta Petrologica Sinica,22(10):2509-2516(in Chinese with English abstract).
Kirwin,D.,2012.Granite-Related Ore Deposits.Economic Geology,107(2):383-384.https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.107.2.383
Li,G.M.,Zhang,L.K.,Jiao,Y.J.,et al.,2017.First Discovery and Implications of Cuonadong Superlarge Be-W-Sn Polymetallic Deposit in Himalayan Meltallogenic Belt,Southern Tibet.Mineral Deposits,36(4):1003-1008(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li,X.H.,Li,W.X.,Li,Z.X.,2007a.On the Genetic Classification and Tectonic Implications of the Early Yanshanian Granitoids in the Nanling Range,South China.Chinese Science Bulletin,52(14):1873-1885.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-007-0259-0
Li,Z.L.,Hu,R.Z.,Yang,J.S.,et al.,2007b.He,Pb and S Isotopic Constraints on the Relationship between the A-Type Qitianling Granite and the Furong Tin Deposit,Hunan Province,China.Lithos,97(1-2):161-173.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2006.12.009
Lin,B.,Tang,J.X.,Zheng,W.B.,et al.,2016.Geochemical Characteristics,Age and Genesis of Cuonadong Leucogranite,Tibet.Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica,35(3):391-406(in Chinese with English abstract).
Linnen,R.L.,Keppler,H.,1997.Columbite Solubility in Granitic Melts:Consequences for the Enrichment and Fractionation of Nb and Ta in the Earth’s Crust.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,128(2-3):213-227.https://doi.org/10.1007/s004100050304
Linnen,R.L.,Keppler,H.,2002.Melt Composition Control of Zr/Hf Fractionation in Magmatic Processes.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,66(18):3293-3301.https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7037(02)00924-9
Liu,Z.C.,Wu,F.Y.,Ding,L.,et al.,2016.Highly Fractionated Late Eocene(~35 Ma)Leucogranite in the Xiaru Dome,Tethyan Himalaya,South Tibet.Lithos,240-243:337-354.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2015.11.026
Mao,J.W.,Xie,G.Q.,Guo,C.L.,et al.,2007.Large-Scale Tungsten-Tin Mineralization in the Nanling Region,South China:Metallogenic Ages and Corresponding Geodynamic Processes.Acta Petrologica Sinica,23(10):2329-2338(in Chinese with English abstract).
Pollard,P.J.,Nakapadungrat,S.,Taylor,R.G.,1995.The Phuket Supersuite,Southwest Thailand;Fractionated I-Type Granites Associated with Tin-Tantalum Mineralization.Economic Geology,90(3):586-602.https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.90.3.586
Pollard,P.J.,Pichavant,M.,Charoy,B.,1987.Contrasting Evolution of Fluorine-and Boron-Rich Tin Systems.Mineralium Deposita,22(4):315-321.https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00204525
Raimbault,L.,Cuney,M.,Azencott,C.,et al.,1995.Geochemical Evidence for a Multistage Magmatic Genesis of TaSn-Li Mineralization in the Granite at Beauvoir,French Massif Central.Economic Geology,90(3):548-576.https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.90.3.548
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