成都市农产品产地环境安全评价及障碍因素研究
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摘要
农产品产地环境安全作为农产品生产过程管理的基础和终端农产品消费安全的首要关口,是农产品数量与质量安全的重要保障。本研究基于PSR概念模型构建农产品产地环境安全评价指标体系,采用熵值法、综合指数法、模糊算法和障碍因素诊断模型对2010—2016年成都市农产品产地环境安全水平进行评价,识别其安全等级和主要障碍因素。结果表明:(1)受压力、状态和响应指标的综合影响,2010—2016年成都市农产品产地环境安全水平总体不高且具有明显的波动性,该期间压力安全指数、状态安全指数和响应安全指数与综合指数变化态势相似;(2)2010—2016年成都市农产品产地环境安全等级总体趋向提升,但也存在变动,2010、2015年处于不安全等级,2011—2014年处于较不安全等级,2016年处于较安全等级;(3)2010—2016年成都市农产品产地环境安全的主要障碍因素是农药使用强度、农地畜禽粪便负荷、工业二氧化硫排放污染压力、城镇化率、酸雨频率、空气质量状况、环保支出占比,尤其是2014年以后,农药使用强度、城镇化率、空气质量状况、环保支出占比的障碍影响凸显;主要障碍维度是压力障碍度和状态障碍度,并且压力障碍度从2014年开始有所增大,状态障碍度从2014年开始逐渐减小。
As the management foundation of agricultural product in its production process and the first pass of terminal agricultural product consumption safety, environmental safety of agricultural production areas is an important guarantee for the quantity and quality safety of agricultural products. Based on the conceptual model of PSR, an evaluation index system of environmental safety of agricultural production areas was established.Using entropy method, comprehensive index method, fuzzy algorithms and diagnosis model, we evaluated environmental safety of agricultural production areas in Chengdu from 2010 to 2016, identified its safety grade and main obstacle factors. The research results showed that:(1) under the synthetic effects of three safety indexes from pressure, status and response, environmental safety of agricultural production areas in Chengdu from 2010 to 2016 was not high on the whole and obviously fluctuant, during this period, these three indexes changed in the same way as the comprehensive index did;(2) in general, environmental safety grade of agricultural production areas in Chengdu from 2010 to 2016 tended to be improved, but the fluctuation still existed, the unsafe grade was found in 2010 and 2015, less safe in 2011-2014 and safe in 2016;(3) the main barriers of environmental safety of agricultural production areas in Chengdu from 2010-2016 originated from pesticide input intensity, load of livestock manure in farmland, pollution pressure of industrial SO2 emission,urbanization rate, acid rain frequency, air quality, and environmental protection expenditure proportion;particularly after 2014, the obstacle effects of pesticide input intensity, urbanization rate, air quality,environmental protection expenditure proportion were highlighted, the main obstacle degrees were of pressure and status, and obstacle degree of pressure increased since 2014, while obstacle degree of status gradually decreased since 2014.
As the management foundation of agricultural product in its production process and the first pass of terminal agricultural product consumption safety, environmental safety of agricultural production areas is an important guarantee for the quantity and quality safety of agricultural products. Based on the conceptual model of PSR, an evaluation index system of environmental safety of agricultural production areas was established.Using entropy method, comprehensive index method, fuzzy algorithms and diagnosis model, we evaluated environmental safety of agricultural production areas in Chengdu from 2010 to 2016, identified its safety grade and main obstacle factors. The research results showed that:(1) under the synthetic effects of three safety indexes from pressure, status and response, environmental safety of agricultural production areas in Chengdu from 2010 to 2016 was not high on the whole and obviously fluctuant, during this period, these three indexes changed in the same way as the comprehensive index did;(2) in general, environmental safety grade of agricultural production areas in Chengdu from 2010 to 2016 tended to be improved, but the fluctuation still existed, the unsafe grade was found in 2010 and 2015, less safe in 2011-2014 and safe in 2016;(3) the main barriers of environmental safety of agricultural production areas in Chengdu from 2010-2016 originated from pesticide input intensity, load of livestock manure in farmland, pollution pressure of industrial SO2 emission,urbanization rate, acid rain frequency, air quality, and environmental protection expenditure proportion;particularly after 2014, the obstacle effects of pesticide input intensity, urbanization rate, air quality,environmental protection expenditure proportion were highlighted, the main obstacle degrees were of pressure and status, and obstacle degree of pressure increased since 2014, while obstacle degree of status gradually decreased since 2014.
引文
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[21]高奇,师学义,张琛,等.县域农业生态环境质量动态评价及预测[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(5):228-237,293.
[22]李妍.农业生态环境质量的综合评价模型构建与实证分析——以绍兴上虞区为例[J].中国农业资源与区划,2017,38(3):143-147.
[23] Walz R. Development of environmental indicator systems:experiences from Germany[J].Environmental Management,2000,25(6):613-623.
[24]黄凤霞,田红,邓也.成都市畜禽粪便年排放量估算及耕地负荷量分析[J].现代农业科技,2016,(24):183-184.
[25] Verbruggen H B, Zimmermenu H J. Fuzzy algorithms for Control[M].Boston:Kluwer Academic Publishers,1999.
[2] Vercruysse F, Steurbaut W. POCER, the pesticide occupational and environmental risk indicator[J].Crop Protection,2002,21(4):307-315.
[3] Payraudeau S, Hayo M G, Werf H V D. Environmental impact assessment for a farming region:a review of methods[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2005,107(1):1-19.
[4] Sands G R, Podmore T H. A generalized environmental sustainability index for agricultural systems[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2000,79(1):29-41.
[5] Dan R, Woodhouse P, Young T, et al. Constructing a farm level indicator of sustainable agricultural practice[J]. Ecological Economics,2001,39(3):463-478.
[6] H?ni F, Braga F, St?mpfli A, et al. RISE, a tool for holistic sustainability assessment at the farm level[J].International Food&Agribusiness Management Review,2003,6(4):78-90.
[7] Lindahl A M L, Bockstaller C. An indicator of pesticide leaching risk to groundwater[J].Ecological Indicators,2012,23(4):95-108.
[8] Moeskops B, Buchan D, Sukristiyonubowo, et al. Soil quality indicators for intensive vegetable production systems in Java,Indonesia[J].Ecological Indicators,2012,18(18):218-226.
[9] Rahmanipour F, Marzaioli R, Bahrami H A, et al. Assessment of soil quality indices in agricultural lands of Qazvin Province, Iran[J].Ecological Indicators,2014,40(5):19-26.
[10] Galdeano-Gómez E, Aznar-Sánchez J A, Pérez-Mesa J C, et al.Exploring synergies among agricultural sustainability dimensions:an empirical study on farming system in Almería(Southeast Spain)[J].Ecological Economics,2017,140:99-109.
[11]赵娜,雒鹏飞.影响农产品产地环境质量因素及其监管机制[J].吉林农业大学学报,2014,36(6):735-741.
[12]李晓慧,蔡汇丰.中国农产品产地环境质量现状及对策研究[J].热带农业科学,2015,35(6):77-81.
[13]张桃林.加强土壤和产地环境管理促进农业可持续发展[J].中国科学院院刊,2015,30(4):435-444.
[14]耿海波,孙虎,李根明.陕西省农业生态安全定量评价及其发展趋势分析[J].农业系统科学与综合研究,2008(1):36-40.
[15]赵志刚,王凯荣,谢小立.江西省农业可持续发展的生态安全评价[J].生态与农村环境学报,2012,28(3):225-230.
[16]姚成胜,朱鹤健.区域农业可持续发展的生态安全评价——以福建省为例[J].自然资源学报,2007(3):380-388.
[17]吴国庆.区域农业可持续发展的生态安全及其评价研究[J].自然资源学报,2001(3):227-233.
[18]罗平.武汉都市农业生态安全评价[J].中国科技论坛,2010(4):126-131,141.
[19]秦静,李瑾,牛高华,等.现代农业生态环境安全预警体系研究——以天津市为例[J].广东农业科学,2012,39(17):166-169.
[20]汤洁,李海毅,斯蔼.县域农业可持续发展的生态安全评价——以吉林省通榆县为例[J].干旱地区农业研究,2007(2):175-179.
[21]高奇,师学义,张琛,等.县域农业生态环境质量动态评价及预测[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(5):228-237,293.
[22]李妍.农业生态环境质量的综合评价模型构建与实证分析——以绍兴上虞区为例[J].中国农业资源与区划,2017,38(3):143-147.
[23] Walz R. Development of environmental indicator systems:experiences from Germany[J].Environmental Management,2000,25(6):613-623.
[24]黄凤霞,田红,邓也.成都市畜禽粪便年排放量估算及耕地负荷量分析[J].现代农业科技,2016,(24):183-184.
[25] Verbruggen H B, Zimmermenu H J. Fuzzy algorithms for Control[M].Boston:Kluwer Academic Publishers,1999.
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