滴灌方式对南疆沙区成龄红枣土壤水分的影响
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摘要
【目的】确定南疆沙区红枣适宜的滴灌制度和滴灌方式。【方法】以7 a生矮化密植骏枣树为材料,设置枣树根部1个滴头灌水和多点滴灌灌水2种滴灌方式,每种方式设置3个灌水量(900、1 050、1 200 mm),进行了田间小区试验。【结果】多点滴灌方式下,不同灌水量土壤剖面水分分布有显著规律,表现为50 cm以上土层同层水平距离20 cm土壤含水率小于水平距离40 cm,50 cm以下土层则相反。110 cm土层以下单点滴灌土壤水分显著高于多点滴灌,110 cm以上土层单点滴灌土壤水分显著低于多点滴灌。受灌水量和滴灌方式的影响,同一处理不同土层土壤水分随时间推移其变化规律并不一致。【结论】单点滴灌与多点滴灌土壤水分分布规律差异显著,但耗水量无显著差异。
【Objective】The purpose of this work is to experimentally investigate soil water changes in sandy soil to different drip irrigation in southern Xinjiang.【Method】The experiment was conduced in a 7-A dwarf jujube orchard. We considered two irrigation methods: one was to irrigate each jujube with one drip emitter and the other was to irrigate the tree with multiple emitters, with each method having three irrigation amounts: 900, 1 050 and1 200 mm.【Result】Irrigation amount under multi-emitter method affected soil moisture distribution, with the water content within the 20 cm horizontal distance above 50 cm depth lower than that within the 40 cm horizonal distance below 50 cm depth. Below 110 cm depth, soil water content under single-emitter irrigation was higher than that under multi-emitter irrigation. With time elapsing, however, the spatiotemporal soil water distribution under different irrigation method and amount changed and there was no simple relationship to describe them.【Conclusion】Irrigation methods impact soil moisture distribution, but not the water consumption by the crop.
【Objective】The purpose of this work is to experimentally investigate soil water changes in sandy soil to different drip irrigation in southern Xinjiang.【Method】The experiment was conduced in a 7-A dwarf jujube orchard. We considered two irrigation methods: one was to irrigate each jujube with one drip emitter and the other was to irrigate the tree with multiple emitters, with each method having three irrigation amounts: 900, 1 050 and1 200 mm.【Result】Irrigation amount under multi-emitter method affected soil moisture distribution, with the water content within the 20 cm horizontal distance above 50 cm depth lower than that within the 40 cm horizonal distance below 50 cm depth. Below 110 cm depth, soil water content under single-emitter irrigation was higher than that under multi-emitter irrigation. With time elapsing, however, the spatiotemporal soil water distribution under different irrigation method and amount changed and there was no simple relationship to describe them.【Conclusion】Irrigation methods impact soil moisture distribution, but not the water consumption by the crop.
引文
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[8]胡安焱,董新光,魏光辉,等.滴灌条件下水肥耦合对干旱区红枣产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报, 2010, 29(6):60-63.
[2]漆联全.新疆红枣产业的现状、要求及其发展趋势[J].新疆农业科学, 2010, 47(s2):8-12.
[3]刘国宏,谢香文,蒋岑.干旱区不同水分指标下限对成龄红枣生长和产量的影响[J].新疆农业科学, 2011, 48(1):94-98.
[4]玉苏甫·买买提,阿娜尔古丽·拜克热,阿丝叶·阿布都力米提.新疆红枣产业发展现状及问题对策[J].安徽农学通报, 2015(14):11-13.
[5]周和平,翟超,孙志锋,等.新疆水资源综合利用效果及发展变化分析[J].干旱区资源与环境, 2016, 30(1):95-100.
[6]游磊,马英杰,洪明,等.不同灌水处理对灰枣产量、水分利用效率及品质的影响研究[J].节水灌溉, 2015(6):18-21.
[7]王兴鹏,姚宝林,王龙,等.红枣不同灌水万式对土壤水分与产量影响研究[J].节水灌溉, 2011(12):23-25.
[8]胡安焱,董新光,魏光辉,等.滴灌条件下水肥耦合对干旱区红枣产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报, 2010, 29(6):60-63.