利用鳍条研究北太平洋长鳍金枪鱼的年龄与生长
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摘要
根据2013—2014年在大连远洋渔业金枪鱼钓有限公司的超低温金枪钓渔船"天祥"16号船上采集的258个鳍条样品为基础(从845尾长鳍金枪鱼样本中随机选取了258个鳍条样本),研究了北太平洋长鳍金枪鱼的年龄和生长情况。研究首次采用了3个不同的切割位置(鳍条全长的10%、20%、50%标记段)对鳍条截面进行处理,利用线性函数、指数函数和幂函数分别拟合长鳍金枪鱼叉长和鳍条截面半径之间的关系,采用赤池信息准则(AIC)来获得最优化的函数,并计算其逆算叉长,最后得到北太平洋长鳍金枪鱼的生长方程、生长拐点以及生长率和生长指标。研究表明,北太平洋长鳍金枪鱼的主要年龄段集中在4～6龄,不分雌雄的生长方程为Lt=112.231×[1-e~(-0.277 132×(t+1.435))],拐点年龄为2.53,生长率和生长指标随着年龄的增长呈递减的趋势,且年龄越大变化越小。本研究可为北太平洋长鳍金枪鱼的资源状况评估及渔业可持续发展提供生物学信息。
The North Pacific albacore tuna(Thunnus alalunga) is one of the main target species of tuna longline fisheries, and the conservation and management of this species have been increasingly concerned by tuna regional management organizations, such as WCPFC. T. alalunga is a kind of highly migratory species mainly living in the tropical and subtropical waters. This species which lives in the North Pacific Ocean generally spawns at the western and central part of the tropics and subtropics in spring and early summer. In the juvenile period of T.alalunga, a number of albacores migrate from the North Pacific to the temperate waters of the eastern Pacific. The spawns will migrate to the western tropical and subtropical regions of the Pacific to spawn. This set of patterns of movement will be juvenile fish recorded. The migratory characteristics of this species can provide an important basis for its sustainable utilization and management. Since the difficulty of sample collection, studies for the age identification of the North Pacific T. alalunga were few. Therefore, we studied the age and growth of T. alalunga in the North Pacific by the species' spines data from the survey of the long-spines tuna fishery in the North Pacific during the years of 2013 and 2014. The fin rays are the newest manifestation of the biological information of T.alalunga in the North Pacific, providing useful information for the sustainable utilization and management of T.alalunga in the North Pacific. Information on the age and growth is very important for conducting stock assessment of this species. Based on 258 fin ray samples collected on the Chinese tuna longliner "Tianxiang 16"operated in the North Pacific between October 19, 2013 and April 5, 2014, the age and growth of the North Pacific T. alalunga were studied. Three different cutting positions were involved in the processing of section selection,and three functions, the linear function, exponential function and exponential function respectively, were also used to fit the relationships between the fork length and fin ray radius. The Von Bertalanffy growth function of the North Pacific albacore was L_t=112.231×[1-e~(–0.277(t+1.435))].
The North Pacific albacore tuna(Thunnus alalunga) is one of the main target species of tuna longline fisheries, and the conservation and management of this species have been increasingly concerned by tuna regional management organizations, such as WCPFC. T. alalunga is a kind of highly migratory species mainly living in the tropical and subtropical waters. This species which lives in the North Pacific Ocean generally spawns at the western and central part of the tropics and subtropics in spring and early summer. In the juvenile period of T.alalunga, a number of albacores migrate from the North Pacific to the temperate waters of the eastern Pacific. The spawns will migrate to the western tropical and subtropical regions of the Pacific to spawn. This set of patterns of movement will be juvenile fish recorded. The migratory characteristics of this species can provide an important basis for its sustainable utilization and management. Since the difficulty of sample collection, studies for the age identification of the North Pacific T. alalunga were few. Therefore, we studied the age and growth of T. alalunga in the North Pacific by the species' spines data from the survey of the long-spines tuna fishery in the North Pacific during the years of 2013 and 2014. The fin rays are the newest manifestation of the biological information of T.alalunga in the North Pacific, providing useful information for the sustainable utilization and management of T.alalunga in the North Pacific. Information on the age and growth is very important for conducting stock assessment of this species. Based on 258 fin ray samples collected on the Chinese tuna longliner "Tianxiang 16"operated in the North Pacific between October 19, 2013 and April 5, 2014, the age and growth of the North Pacific T. alalunga were studied. Three different cutting positions were involved in the processing of section selection,and three functions, the linear function, exponential function and exponential function respectively, were also used to fit the relationships between the fork length and fin ray radius. The Von Bertalanffy growth function of the North Pacific albacore was L_t=112.231×[1-e~(–0.277(t+1.435))].
引文
[1]Landa J,Rodriguez-Marin E,Luque P L,et al.Growth of bluefin tuna(Thunnus thynnus)in the North-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean based on back-calculation of dorsal fin spine annuli[J].Fisheries Research,2015,170:190-198.
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[3]Yeh Y M,Wang C H.Stock assessment of the South Pacific albacore by using the generalized production model,1967-1991[J].Acta Oceanographica Taiwanica,1996,35(2):125-139.
[4]Wells R J D,Kohin S,Teo S L H,et al.Age and growth of North Pacific albacore(Thunnus alalunga):implications for stock assessment[J].Fisheries Research,2013,147:55-62.
[5]李凤莹.印度洋中南部大眼金枪鱼年龄与生长研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2014.Li F Y.The age and growth of bigeye tuna(Thunnus obesus)in the South-central Indian Ocean[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University,2014(in Chinese).
[6]张鹏,陈森,李杰,等.灯光罩网渔船兼作金枪鱼延绳钓捕捞试验[J].南方水产科学,2016,12(4):110-116.Zhang P,Chen S,Li J,et al.An experiment of tuna longline conducted by light falling-net fishing vessel[J].South China Fisheries Science,2016,12(4):110-116(in Chinese).
[7]翟天晨,戴小杰,朱江峰,等.南太平洋雌性大眼金枪鱼性腺成熟等级研究[J].南方水产科学,2016,12(1):102-110.Zhai T C,Dai X J,Zhu J F,et al.Gonad maturity stage of female bigeye tuna(Thunnus obesus)in the southern Pacific Ocean[J].South China Fisheries Science,2016,12(1):102-110(in Chinese).
[8]郭刚刚,张胜茂,樊伟,等.南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼垂直活动水层空间分析[J].南方水产科学,2016,12(5):123-130.Guo G G,Zhang S M,Fan W,et al.Spatial analysis of vertical active layer of albacore tuna(Thunnus alalunga)in the South Pacific Ocean[J].South China Fisheries Science,2016,12(5):123-130(in Chinese).
[9]Ueyanagi S.Observation on the distribution of tuna larvae in Indo-Pacific Ocean with emphasis of the delineation of the spawning areas of albacore,Thunnus alalunga[J].Bulletin of the Far Seas Fisheries Research Labo- ratory,1969,2:177-256.
[10]Beamish R J,Fournier D A.A method for comparing the precision of a set of age determinations[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1981,38(8):982-983.
[11]Sund P N,Blackburn M,Williams F.Tunas and their environment in the Pacific Ocean:a review[J].Oceanography and Marine Biology:An Annual Review,1981,19:443-512.
[12]Akaike H.Information measures and model selection[J].Bulletin of the International Statistical Institute,1983,50(1):277-290.
[13]Chen Y,Jackson D A,Harvey H H.A comparison of Von Bertalanffy and polynomial functions in modelling fish growth data[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1992,49(6):1228-1235.
[14]Sun C L.Age and growth of the swordfish(Xiphias gladius L.)in the waters around Taiwan determined from anal-fin Rays[J].Fishery Bulletin,2002,100(4):822-835.
[15]Rybczynski S M,Walters D M,Fritz K M,et al.Comparing trophic Position of stream fishes using stable isotope and gut contents analyses[J].Ecology of Freshwater Fish,2008,17(2):199-206.
[16]李攀.印度洋大眼金枪鱼年龄与生长的研究[D].上海海洋大学,2010.Li P.Study on age and growth of bigeye tuna in the Indian Ocean[D].Shanghai Ocean University,2010(in Chinese).
[17]周成,朱国平,陈锦淘,等.印度洋南部大眼金枪鱼年龄鉴定及其与生长的关系[J].中国水产科学,2012,19(3):536-544.Zhou C,Zhu G P,et al.Age identification of bigeye tuna in the southern Indian Ocean and its relationship with growth[J].Chinese Fisheries Science,2012,19(3):536-544(in Chinese).
[18]王学昉,许柳雄,朱国平,等.中西太平洋鲣鱼的年龄鉴定和生长特性[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(3):756-762.Wang X F,Xu L X,Zhu G P,et al.Age identification and growth characteristics of the squid in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,2010,21(3):756-762(in Chinese).
[19]李冬静.利用鳍棘和脊椎骨研究印度洋中西部大眼金枪鱼的年龄与生长[D].上海海洋大学,2014.Li D J,Study on the age and growth of bigeye tuna in the Mid-western Indian Ocean using fin spines and vertebrae[D].Shanghai Ocean University,2014.(in Chinese).
[20]Otsu T.Albacore migration and growth in the North Pacific Ocean as estimated from tag recoveries[J].Pacific Science,1960,14(3):257-266(in Chinese).
[21]Clemens H B.The migration,age,and growth of Pacific albacore(Thunnus germo),1951-1958[R].Fish Bulletin No.115,State of California Department of Fish and Game,1961:115-128.
[22]Bell R R.Age determination of the Pacific albacore of the California coast[J].California Fish and Game,1962,48(1):39-48.
[23]江建军,许柳雄,朱国平,等.北太平洋长鳍金枪鱼年龄与生长初步研究[J].海洋渔业,2016,38(1):1-8.Jiang J J,Xu L X,Zhu G P,et al.Preliminary study on age and growth of north Pacific albacore Thunnus alalunga[J].Marine Fisheries,2016,38(1):1-8(in Chinese).
[24]NOSE Yet al.Age and growth of Pacific tunas by scale reading[J].Tokyo University Press,Japan,701-716.
[25]Yabuta Y,Yukinawa M.Growth and age of albacore[M].Rep.Nankai Reg.Fish.Res.Lab,1963(17):111-120.
[26]Labelle M J,Hampton J,Bailey K,et al.Determination of age and growth of South Pacific albacore(Thunnus alalunga)using three methodologies[J].Fishery Bulletin,1993,91(4):649-663.
[27]Santiago J,Arrizabalaga H.An integrated growth study for North Atlantic albacore(Thunnus alalunga Bonn.1788)[J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,2005,62(4):740-749.
[28]Farley J,Clear N.Preliminary study of age,growth,and spawning activity of albacore in Australia’s Eastern Tuna&Billfish Fishery[R].WCPFC-SC4-2008/BI-IP-1,Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission,2008.
[29]Williams A J,Farley J H,Hoyle S D,et al.Spatial and sex-specific variation in growth of albacore tuna(Thunnus alalunga)across the South Pacific Ocean[J].PLoSOne,2012,7(6):e39318.
[30]Chen K S,Shimose T,Tanabe T,et al.Age and growth of albacore Thunnus alalunga in the North Pacific Ocean[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2012,80(6):2328-2344.
[2]Sigeyuki K.On the stomach contents of tuna in the west Indian Ocean[R].Nagasaki:Nagasaki University's Academic Output SITE,1958,6:85-91.
[3]Yeh Y M,Wang C H.Stock assessment of the South Pacific albacore by using the generalized production model,1967-1991[J].Acta Oceanographica Taiwanica,1996,35(2):125-139.
[4]Wells R J D,Kohin S,Teo S L H,et al.Age and growth of North Pacific albacore(Thunnus alalunga):implications for stock assessment[J].Fisheries Research,2013,147:55-62.
[5]李凤莹.印度洋中南部大眼金枪鱼年龄与生长研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2014.Li F Y.The age and growth of bigeye tuna(Thunnus obesus)in the South-central Indian Ocean[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University,2014(in Chinese).
[6]张鹏,陈森,李杰,等.灯光罩网渔船兼作金枪鱼延绳钓捕捞试验[J].南方水产科学,2016,12(4):110-116.Zhang P,Chen S,Li J,et al.An experiment of tuna longline conducted by light falling-net fishing vessel[J].South China Fisheries Science,2016,12(4):110-116(in Chinese).
[7]翟天晨,戴小杰,朱江峰,等.南太平洋雌性大眼金枪鱼性腺成熟等级研究[J].南方水产科学,2016,12(1):102-110.Zhai T C,Dai X J,Zhu J F,et al.Gonad maturity stage of female bigeye tuna(Thunnus obesus)in the southern Pacific Ocean[J].South China Fisheries Science,2016,12(1):102-110(in Chinese).
[8]郭刚刚,张胜茂,樊伟,等.南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼垂直活动水层空间分析[J].南方水产科学,2016,12(5):123-130.Guo G G,Zhang S M,Fan W,et al.Spatial analysis of vertical active layer of albacore tuna(Thunnus alalunga)in the South Pacific Ocean[J].South China Fisheries Science,2016,12(5):123-130(in Chinese).
[9]Ueyanagi S.Observation on the distribution of tuna larvae in Indo-Pacific Ocean with emphasis of the delineation of the spawning areas of albacore,Thunnus alalunga[J].Bulletin of the Far Seas Fisheries Research Labo- ratory,1969,2:177-256.
[10]Beamish R J,Fournier D A.A method for comparing the precision of a set of age determinations[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1981,38(8):982-983.
[11]Sund P N,Blackburn M,Williams F.Tunas and their environment in the Pacific Ocean:a review[J].Oceanography and Marine Biology:An Annual Review,1981,19:443-512.
[12]Akaike H.Information measures and model selection[J].Bulletin of the International Statistical Institute,1983,50(1):277-290.
[13]Chen Y,Jackson D A,Harvey H H.A comparison of Von Bertalanffy and polynomial functions in modelling fish growth data[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1992,49(6):1228-1235.
[14]Sun C L.Age and growth of the swordfish(Xiphias gladius L.)in the waters around Taiwan determined from anal-fin Rays[J].Fishery Bulletin,2002,100(4):822-835.
[15]Rybczynski S M,Walters D M,Fritz K M,et al.Comparing trophic Position of stream fishes using stable isotope and gut contents analyses[J].Ecology of Freshwater Fish,2008,17(2):199-206.
[16]李攀.印度洋大眼金枪鱼年龄与生长的研究[D].上海海洋大学,2010.Li P.Study on age and growth of bigeye tuna in the Indian Ocean[D].Shanghai Ocean University,2010(in Chinese).
[17]周成,朱国平,陈锦淘,等.印度洋南部大眼金枪鱼年龄鉴定及其与生长的关系[J].中国水产科学,2012,19(3):536-544.Zhou C,Zhu G P,et al.Age identification of bigeye tuna in the southern Indian Ocean and its relationship with growth[J].Chinese Fisheries Science,2012,19(3):536-544(in Chinese).
[18]王学昉,许柳雄,朱国平,等.中西太平洋鲣鱼的年龄鉴定和生长特性[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(3):756-762.Wang X F,Xu L X,Zhu G P,et al.Age identification and growth characteristics of the squid in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,2010,21(3):756-762(in Chinese).
[19]李冬静.利用鳍棘和脊椎骨研究印度洋中西部大眼金枪鱼的年龄与生长[D].上海海洋大学,2014.Li D J,Study on the age and growth of bigeye tuna in the Mid-western Indian Ocean using fin spines and vertebrae[D].Shanghai Ocean University,2014.(in Chinese).
[20]Otsu T.Albacore migration and growth in the North Pacific Ocean as estimated from tag recoveries[J].Pacific Science,1960,14(3):257-266(in Chinese).
[21]Clemens H B.The migration,age,and growth of Pacific albacore(Thunnus germo),1951-1958[R].Fish Bulletin No.115,State of California Department of Fish and Game,1961:115-128.
[22]Bell R R.Age determination of the Pacific albacore of the California coast[J].California Fish and Game,1962,48(1):39-48.
[23]江建军,许柳雄,朱国平,等.北太平洋长鳍金枪鱼年龄与生长初步研究[J].海洋渔业,2016,38(1):1-8.Jiang J J,Xu L X,Zhu G P,et al.Preliminary study on age and growth of north Pacific albacore Thunnus alalunga[J].Marine Fisheries,2016,38(1):1-8(in Chinese).
[24]NOSE Yet al.Age and growth of Pacific tunas by scale reading[J].Tokyo University Press,Japan,701-716.
[25]Yabuta Y,Yukinawa M.Growth and age of albacore[M].Rep.Nankai Reg.Fish.Res.Lab,1963(17):111-120.
[26]Labelle M J,Hampton J,Bailey K,et al.Determination of age and growth of South Pacific albacore(Thunnus alalunga)using three methodologies[J].Fishery Bulletin,1993,91(4):649-663.
[27]Santiago J,Arrizabalaga H.An integrated growth study for North Atlantic albacore(Thunnus alalunga Bonn.1788)[J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,2005,62(4):740-749.
[28]Farley J,Clear N.Preliminary study of age,growth,and spawning activity of albacore in Australia’s Eastern Tuna&Billfish Fishery[R].WCPFC-SC4-2008/BI-IP-1,Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission,2008.
[29]Williams A J,Farley J H,Hoyle S D,et al.Spatial and sex-specific variation in growth of albacore tuna(Thunnus alalunga)across the South Pacific Ocean[J].PLoSOne,2012,7(6):e39318.
[30]Chen K S,Shimose T,Tanabe T,et al.Age and growth of albacore Thunnus alalunga in the North Pacific Ocean[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2012,80(6):2328-2344.