吊杯式栽植器运动轨迹优化与试验
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摘要
针对吊杯式移栽机膜上成穴移栽时膜面穴口大的问题,建立栽植机构的运动模型,通过分析栽植器的运动轨迹特性得出,当栽植器的运动轨迹为余摆线,且余摆线环扣最大横弦的距离等于轨迹线与地膜交点间的距离,栽植器在上拔阶段水平方向零速度点两侧打开,有利于减小膜面穴口尺寸。通过仿真分析和膜上移栽番茄盘苗试验得出,运动轨迹特征系数λ对膜面穴口的纵向尺寸影响显著,对横向尺寸和倾斜率影响不明显。随着λ值的增大,穴口纵向尺寸先减小然后增大,在移栽频率为50和55株·min~(-1)时,λ为1.093的穴口纵向尺寸分别为10.12 cm和9.49 cm,是最小值;两种移栽频率条件下,随着λ值的增大,移栽株距分别从39.8 cm减小到33.5 cm和从39.1 cm减小到33.1 cm。该结论可用于指导吊杯式移栽机结构和工作参数的优选。
Given the unwanted large holes on film surface with basket-type planting devices during above-film hole-forming device, and establishing a motion model of the planting mechanism, we analyzed the trajectory characteristics of the planter. It was found that when the trajectory of the planter was the trochoidal line, the distance of the maximum transverse chord of the trochoidal ring buckle was equal to the distance between the intersection of the trajectory line and the film, and the planter was opened in the uplifting stage. It was beneficial to reduce the size of the membrane face. Through simulation analysis and transplanting of tomato seedlings on the film, it was concluded that the trajectory characteristic coefficient, λ, had a significant influence on the longitudinal dimension of hole on the film, the transverse dimension and inclination rate were not obvious. As the λ value increased, the longitudinal dimension of the hole first decreased and then increased. When the transplanting frequency was 50 and 55 plants·min~(-1), and the λ was 1.093, the longitudinal dimension of the hole was 10.12 and 9.49 cm, respectively, which was the minimum value. Under the two transplanting frequency conditions, as the λ value increased, the transplanting plant distance decreased from 39.8 cm to 33.5 cm and from 39.1 cm to 33.1 cm, respectively. This conclusion can be used to guide the optimization of the structure and working parameters of the basket-type transplanter.
Given the unwanted large holes on film surface with basket-type planting devices during above-film hole-forming device, and establishing a motion model of the planting mechanism, we analyzed the trajectory characteristics of the planter. It was found that when the trajectory of the planter was the trochoidal line, the distance of the maximum transverse chord of the trochoidal ring buckle was equal to the distance between the intersection of the trajectory line and the film, and the planter was opened in the uplifting stage. It was beneficial to reduce the size of the membrane face. Through simulation analysis and transplanting of tomato seedlings on the film, it was concluded that the trajectory characteristic coefficient, λ, had a significant influence on the longitudinal dimension of hole on the film, the transverse dimension and inclination rate were not obvious. As the λ value increased, the longitudinal dimension of the hole first decreased and then increased. When the transplanting frequency was 50 and 55 plants·min~(-1), and the λ was 1.093, the longitudinal dimension of the hole was 10.12 and 9.49 cm, respectively, which was the minimum value. Under the two transplanting frequency conditions, as the λ value increased, the transplanting plant distance decreased from 39.8 cm to 33.5 cm and from 39.1 cm to 33.1 cm, respectively. This conclusion can be used to guide the optimization of the structure and working parameters of the basket-type transplanter.
引文
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[17] 刘洋,李亚雄,吕新民,等.吊篮式裸根棉苗膜上移栽机的设计[J].西北农业学报,2010,19(12):202-206.3.
[18] 胡建平,张建兵,何俊艺,等.移栽机行星轮转臂式栽植器运动分析与试验[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(10):57-61.
[19] 谢建华.垄作残膜捡拾机脱卸装置的研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2014.
[20] 温浩军,牛琪,纪超.地膜机械化技术现状及分析[J].中国农业大学学报,2017,22(3):145-153.
[2] 金鑫,杜新武,杨传华,等.移栽机曲柄滑槽式栽植机构设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(5):83-90.
[3] 李华,曹卫彬,李树峰,等.2ZXM-2型全自动蔬菜穴盘苗铺膜移栽机的研制[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(15):23-33.
[4] 俞高红,刘炳华,赵匀,等.椭圆齿轮行星轮系蔬菜钵苗自动移栽机构运动机理分析[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(4):53-57.
[5] 陈建能,王英,黄前泽,等.钵苗移栽机变形椭圆齿轮行星系栽植机构优化与试验[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(10):52-56.
[6] 陈建能,王伯鸿,张翔,等.多杆式零速度钵苗移栽机植苗机构运动学模型与参数分析[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(9):7-12.
[7] 刘洋,李亚雄,李斌,等.膜上移栽机关键部件的设计与试验研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(3):231-235.
[8] 金鑫,李树君,杨学军,等.膜上移栽钵苗栽植机构运动分析与参数优化[J].农业机械学报,2012,43(S1):29-34.
[9] 贺智涛,郑治华,刘剑君,等.膜上移栽机的发展现状及存在的问题[J].农机化研究,2014,41(9):252-255.
[10] 李旭英,王玉伟,鲁国成,等.吊杯式栽植器的优化设计及试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(14):58-64.
[11] 封俊,秦贵,宋卫堂,等.移栽机的吊杯运动分析与设计准则[J].农业机械学报,2002,33(5):48-50.
[12] 崔巍,赵亮,宋建农,等.吊杯式移栽机栽植器运动学分析与试验[J].农业机械学报,2012,43(S):35-39.
[13] 王文明,窦卫国,王春光,等.2ZT-2型甜菜移栽机栽植系统的参数分析[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(1):69-73.
[14] 肖志民.余摆线轨迹农机具最佳运动规范的确定[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,1985,5(1):91-100.
[15] 竺开华,陈文钦.余摆线在农业机械上的应用[J].数学的实践与认识,1975,5(3):11-16.
[16] 赵丽霞,张广生.加工番茄机械起垄铺膜移栽与田间配套作业技术要求[J].现代农业科技2013,22(15):129-130.
[17] 刘洋,李亚雄,吕新民,等.吊篮式裸根棉苗膜上移栽机的设计[J].西北农业学报,2010,19(12):202-206.3.
[18] 胡建平,张建兵,何俊艺,等.移栽机行星轮转臂式栽植器运动分析与试验[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(10):57-61.
[19] 谢建华.垄作残膜捡拾机脱卸装置的研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2014.
[20] 温浩军,牛琪,纪超.地膜机械化技术现状及分析[J].中国农业大学学报,2017,22(3):145-153.
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