不同驱动方式对拖拉机振动特性的影响
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摘要
为探究不同驱动方式对拖拉机振动特性的影响,开展了不同驱动方式、作业条件和前进速度组合下的拖拉机振动田间试验。驱动方式分为前轮参与驱动的四轮驱动和前轮不参与驱动的两轮驱动,作业条件包括拖拉机附带马铃薯挖掘机行走和收获作业,前进速度选取适合马铃薯挖掘机收获作业的3种车速。试验在未收获的马铃薯农田中开展,利用3个单轴向加速度传感器分别测试拖拉机前桥、座椅安装处和后桥的垂直振动加速度,计算并分析拖拉机各测试部位振动加速度均方根值RMS及其频域分布,对比不同驱动方式下拖拉机振动特性的差异。试验结果表明:不同驱动方式对拖拉机振动特性影响明显;相比两轮驱动,拖拉机在四驱时各部位振动水平随车速升高而上升的幅度有所减小,车速越高、牵引负荷越大时,四驱方式对拖拉机附带农机具作业时振动水平的降低作用越显著;但驱动方式对拖拉机在各种作业条件下其前桥、座椅安装处和后桥振动信号的类型和振动能量的频率分布影响不明显。
In order to explore the effect of different wheel drive conditions on the vibration characteristics of tractors,a field test of tractor vibration under different wheel drive conditions,operating conditions and forward speeds was carried out in this paper. The wheel drive conditions were divided into the four-wheel drive with front-wheel-assist( FWA) enabled and the two-wheel drive with front-wheel-assist( FWA) disabled. The operating conditions included the driving forward and harvest operation of the tractor attached a potato excavator. Three kinds of speeds which are suitable for the potato excavator harvesting operation were selected. The field test was carried out in the non-harvested potato fields.Three single axis accelerometers were used for measuring the vertical vibration accelerations of front axle,tractor body under the driving seat and rear axle. Root mean square( RMS) values and their frequency domain distributions of the vibration accelerations at different test positions of tractors were calculated and analyzed. The difference of vibration characteristics of tractors under different wheel drive conditions was compared and analyzed. The test results showed that different wheel drive conditions had an obvious influence on the vibration characteristics of tractor. Compared the FWA enabled with FWA disabled condition,the vibration increments of the tested part of the tractor in four-wheel drive condition decreases with the increase of forward speed. The higher forward speed and traction load,the more significant effect of four-wheel drive condition on reducing the vibration level of tractor working with agricultural machinery attached. However,the wheel drive conditions have no obvious influence on the type of vibration signals and the frequency distribution of vibration energy of the front axle,tractor body under the driving seat and rear axle in various operating conditions.
In order to explore the effect of different wheel drive conditions on the vibration characteristics of tractors,a field test of tractor vibration under different wheel drive conditions,operating conditions and forward speeds was carried out in this paper. The wheel drive conditions were divided into the four-wheel drive with front-wheel-assist( FWA) enabled and the two-wheel drive with front-wheel-assist( FWA) disabled. The operating conditions included the driving forward and harvest operation of the tractor attached a potato excavator. Three kinds of speeds which are suitable for the potato excavator harvesting operation were selected. The field test was carried out in the non-harvested potato fields.Three single axis accelerometers were used for measuring the vertical vibration accelerations of front axle,tractor body under the driving seat and rear axle. Root mean square( RMS) values and their frequency domain distributions of the vibration accelerations at different test positions of tractors were calculated and analyzed. The difference of vibration characteristics of tractors under different wheel drive conditions was compared and analyzed. The test results showed that different wheel drive conditions had an obvious influence on the vibration characteristics of tractor. Compared the FWA enabled with FWA disabled condition,the vibration increments of the tested part of the tractor in four-wheel drive condition decreases with the increase of forward speed. The higher forward speed and traction load,the more significant effect of four-wheel drive condition on reducing the vibration level of tractor working with agricultural machinery attached. However,the wheel drive conditions have no obvious influence on the type of vibration signals and the frequency distribution of vibration energy of the front axle,tractor body under the driving seat and rear axle in various operating conditions.
引文
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[18]李祥,王春光,邓伟刚.马铃薯挖掘阻力测试装置研究[J].农机化研究,2018,40(8):174-180.
[2] Cuong D M,Zhu S,Zhu Y. Effects of tyre inflation pressure and forward speed on vibration of an unsuspended tractor[J].Journal of Terramechanics,2013,50(3):185-198.
[3] Nguyen V N,Inaba S. Effects of tire inflation pressure and tractor velocity on dynamic wheel load and rear axle vibrations[J]. Journal of Terramechanics,2011,48(1):3-16.
[4]朱思洪,徐刚,袁加奇,等.农具质量对拖拉机悬挂农具系统振动特性的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(24):30-37.
[5]承鉴,迟瑞娟,毛恩荣.悬挂农具对电液悬挂系统拖拉机振动的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(7):24-32.
[6]王银芝.农用车辆整车振动特性研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2003.
[7] Villibor G P,Santos F L,Queiroz D M D,et al. Vibration levels on rear and front axles of a tractor in agricultural operations[J]. Acta Scientiarum Technology,2014,36(1):7-14.
[8]谢胜仕.摆动分离筛薯土分离理论与试验研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2017.
[9]袁加奇,范骏,周永清.拖拉机前轴悬架参数优化设计[J].噪声与振动控制,2018,38(1):130-136.
[10]吕宝占,高辉松,张莹,等.基于MATLAB的前悬架车辆振动特性[J].河南科技大学学报,2007,28(5):13-17.
[11] Muzammil M,Siddiqui S S,Hasan F. Physiological effect of vibration on tractor driver under variable ploughing conditions[J].Journal of Occupational Health,2004,46(5):403-409.
[12] Thuong O,Griffin M J. The vibration discomfort of standing persons:0.5-16Hz fore-and-aft,lateral,and vertical vibration[J]. Journal of Sound&Vibration,2011,330(4):816-826.
[13]薛金林,汪珍珍,伊力达尔·伊力亚斯,等.轮式拖拉机振动系统横向固有频率理论建模及验证[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(19):51-56.
[14]闫建国,王春光,王利娟.基于约翰迪尔1204型拖拉机减振座椅的参数选择[J].农机化研究,2017,39(12):236-242.
[15]袁加奇,邓晓亭,朱思洪,等.基于加速度传感器的拖拉机振动特性研究[J].传感器与微系统,2016,35(12):72-74.
[16]张晓冬,李成华,汤秋艳,等.铲式玉米精密播种机振动特性试验[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2009,40(6):732-735.
[17]邓伟刚,王春光,王洪波.马铃薯收获机挖掘铲工作阻力影响因素分析与研究[J].农机化研究,2016,38(9):53-58.
[18]李祥,王春光,邓伟刚.马铃薯挖掘阻力测试装置研究[J].农机化研究,2018,40(8):174-180.