起垄沟播和常规平播下滴灌棉田土壤水盐的运移
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摘要
为明确滴灌条件下植棉方式对土壤水盐运移的影响,采用田间调查与室内分析相结合的方法,在滨海重度盐碱地开展了起垄沟播和常规平播植棉方式下的水盐运移试验,调查了滴灌前后两种植棉方式不同点位及不同土壤深度的土壤水分、盐分和土壤溶液电导率等指标,分析不同植棉方式土壤水分、盐分和土壤溶液电导率的时空分布特征。结果表明:滴灌条件下起垄沟播的水分入渗深度和盐分淋洗深度均明显大于常规平播植棉方式,起垄沟播植棉膜下(0～20 cm)土壤溶液电导率明显低于常规平播植棉;滴灌对两种种植方式膜外土壤水分和盐分运移未产生明显影响。起垄沟播联合滴灌技术更有利于为棉花生长的水盐环境。研究结果可为盐碱地植棉提供理论参考和实践依据。
In this study,two typical cotton planting ways,i. e. the ridge-furrow planting and conventional flat planting,were selected in the coastal area with severe soil salinization so as to clarify the effect of different cotton transplanting ways on soil water and salt migration under drip irrigation. The soil moisture content,soil salinity and soil solution conductivity at different sites and depths were investigated before and after drip irrigation. Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of soil moisture content,soil salinity and soil solution conductivity were analyzed. The result showed that the depth of soil water infiltration and salt leaching in ridge-furrow treatment was deeper than that of conventional flat planting treatment,and the soil solution concentration in 0-20 cm soil layer in ridge-furrow planting pattern was lower than that of conventional flat planting treatment. There was no significant difference in soil water and salt migration outside the plastic film mulch under the two treatments. The combined drip irrigation technology in ridge-furrow planting was more conducive to providing a suitable water and salt environment for cotton growth. This study could provide both theoretical and practical references for cotton cultivation in saline soil.
In this study,two typical cotton planting ways,i. e. the ridge-furrow planting and conventional flat planting,were selected in the coastal area with severe soil salinization so as to clarify the effect of different cotton transplanting ways on soil water and salt migration under drip irrigation. The soil moisture content,soil salinity and soil solution conductivity at different sites and depths were investigated before and after drip irrigation. Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of soil moisture content,soil salinity and soil solution conductivity were analyzed. The result showed that the depth of soil water infiltration and salt leaching in ridge-furrow treatment was deeper than that of conventional flat planting treatment,and the soil solution concentration in 0-20 cm soil layer in ridge-furrow planting pattern was lower than that of conventional flat planting treatment. There was no significant difference in soil water and salt migration outside the plastic film mulch under the two treatments. The combined drip irrigation technology in ridge-furrow planting was more conducive to providing a suitable water and salt environment for cotton growth. This study could provide both theoretical and practical references for cotton cultivation in saline soil.
引文
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[11]脱云飞,杨路华,杜新燕,等.新疆盐碱地棉花膜下滴灌的特性分析[J].南水北调与水利科技,2005,3(2):41-43.[Tuo Yunfei,Yang Luhua,Du Xinyan,et al.Characteristic analysis through drip irrigation under mulch of cotton in saline-alkali areas of Xinjiang[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2005,3(2):41-43.]
[12]Corwin D L,Lesch S M.Application of soil electrical conductivity to precision agriculture[J].Agronomy Journal,2003,95(3):455-471.
[13]Sun C T,Feng D,Mi Z R,et al.Impacts of ridge-furrow planting on salt stress and cotton yield under drip irrigation[J].Water,2017,9(1):1-15.
[14]高龙,田富强,倪广恒,等.膜下滴灌棉田土壤水盐分布特征及灌溉制度试验研究[J].水利学报,2010,41(12):1 483-1 490.[Gao Long,Tian Fuqiang,Ni Guangheng,et al.Experimental study on soil water-salt movement and irrigation scheduling for cotton under mulched drip irrigation condition[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2010,41(12):1 483-1 490.]
[15]周和平,王少丽,姚新华,等.膜下滴灌土壤水盐定向迁移分布特征及排盐效应研究[J].水利学报,2013,44(11):1 380-1 388.[Zhou Heping,Wang Shaoli,Yao Xinhua,et al.Research on distribution characteristics and salt-discharging effect of directional migration of water and salt in soil through drip irrigation under plastic film[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2013,44(11):1 380-1 388.]
[16]王增丽,董平国,樊晓康,等.膜下滴灌不同灌溉定额对土壤水盐分布和春玉米产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(12):2 343-2 352.[Wang Zengli,Dong Pingguo,Fan Xiaokang,et al.Effects of irrigation quota on distribution of soil watersalt and yield of spring maize with drip irrigation under mulch[J].Scientia Agricultra Sinica,2016,49(12):2 343-2 352.]
[17]王增丽,朱兴平,温广贵,等.垄作沟灌条件下灌溉定额对土壤水盐分布和制种玉米耗水的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(1):50-54.[Wang Zengli,Zhu Xingping,Wen Guanggui,et al.Effects of irrigation quota on distribution characteristics of soil water-salt and water consumption during maize seed production under ridge and furrow farming[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2016,34(1):50-54.]
[18]李磊,张强,冯悦晨,等.全膜双垄沟播改善干旱冷凉区盐渍土水盐状况提高玉米产量[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(5):96-103.[Li Lei,Zhang Qiang,Feng Yuechen,et al.All-film doublefurrow sowing improving water and salt conditions and increasing maize yield in saline soil of cold and arid area[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(5):96-103.]
[19]关法春,苗彦军,Tianfang Bernie Fang,等.起垄措施对重度盐碱化草地土壤水盐和植被状况的影响[J].草地学报,2010,18(6):763-767.[Guan Fachun,Miao Yanjun,Tianfang Bernie Fang,et al.Effects of ridging on soil and above-ground biomass in heavy alkali-saline grasslands of west Songnen Plain,China[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2010,18(6):763-767.]
[2]李彬,王志春,孙志高,等.中国盐碱地资源与可持续利用研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2005,23(2):154-158.[Li Bin,Wang Zhichun,Sun Zhigao,et al.Resources and sustainable resource exploitation of salinized land in China[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2005,23(2):154-158.]
[3]孙池涛,张俊鹏,冯棣,等.滨海盐碱棉田水盐及棉花生长动态研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(1):79-84.[Sun Chitao,Zhang Junpeng,Feng Di,et al.Dynamics of soil water,salt and cotton growth in coastal saline-alkaline land[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2015,34(1):79-84.]
[4]董合忠.滨海盐碱地棉花成苗的原理与技术[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(2):566-572.[Dong Hezhong.Underlying mechanisms and related techniques of stand establishment of cotton on coastal saline-alkali soil[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2012,23(2):566-572.]
[5]郭燕枝,王小虎,孙君茂.华北平原地下水漏斗区马铃薯替代小麦种植及由此节省的水资源量估算[J].中国农业科技导报,2014,16(6):159-163.[Guo Yanzhi,Wang Xiaohu,Sun Junmao.The estimation of saving water resources because of substitute planting of potato instead winter wheat in the funnel area of the North China Plain[J].Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,2014,16(6):159-163.]
[6]王振华,裴磊,郑旭荣,等.盐碱地滴灌春小麦光合特性与耐盐指标研究[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(4):65-72.[Wang Zhenhua,Pei Lei,Zheng Xurong,et al.Photosynthetic characteristics and salt tolerance indexes of spring wheat with drip irrigation in saline alkaline soils[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(4):65-72.]
[7]李金刚,屈忠义,黄永平,等.微咸水膜下滴灌不同灌水下限对盐碱地土壤水盐运移及玉米产量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(1):217-223.[Li Jingang,Qu Zhongyi,Huang Yongping,et al.Effects of control lower limit of saline water mulched drip irrigation on water salt movement and corn yield in saline soil[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,31(1):217-223.]
[8]Yao W W,Mao X Y,Li J,et al.Simulation of point source wetting pattern of subsurface drip irrigation[J].Irrigation Science,2011,29(4):331-339.]
[9]孙杨,刘淑慧,赵辉.滴灌条件下不同种植方式水盐运移研究[J].节水灌溉,2015(12):52-54.[Sun Yang,Liu Shuhui,Zhao Hui.Research on soil water and salt transfer of different planting mode under drip irrigation condition[J].Water Saving Irrigation,2015(12):52-54.]
[10]窦超银,康跃虎,万书勤.地下水浅埋区重度盐碱地滴灌不同开发年限土壤盐分分布特征[C]//全国微灌大会,2009.[Dou Chaoyin,Kang Yuehu,Wan Shuqin.Characteristics of soil salinity distribution in saline-sodic soil with shallow water table under mulch-drip irrigation by saline water in different planting years[C]//Micro-Irrigation Conference,2009.]
[11]脱云飞,杨路华,杜新燕,等.新疆盐碱地棉花膜下滴灌的特性分析[J].南水北调与水利科技,2005,3(2):41-43.[Tuo Yunfei,Yang Luhua,Du Xinyan,et al.Characteristic analysis through drip irrigation under mulch of cotton in saline-alkali areas of Xinjiang[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2005,3(2):41-43.]
[12]Corwin D L,Lesch S M.Application of soil electrical conductivity to precision agriculture[J].Agronomy Journal,2003,95(3):455-471.
[13]Sun C T,Feng D,Mi Z R,et al.Impacts of ridge-furrow planting on salt stress and cotton yield under drip irrigation[J].Water,2017,9(1):1-15.
[14]高龙,田富强,倪广恒,等.膜下滴灌棉田土壤水盐分布特征及灌溉制度试验研究[J].水利学报,2010,41(12):1 483-1 490.[Gao Long,Tian Fuqiang,Ni Guangheng,et al.Experimental study on soil water-salt movement and irrigation scheduling for cotton under mulched drip irrigation condition[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2010,41(12):1 483-1 490.]
[15]周和平,王少丽,姚新华,等.膜下滴灌土壤水盐定向迁移分布特征及排盐效应研究[J].水利学报,2013,44(11):1 380-1 388.[Zhou Heping,Wang Shaoli,Yao Xinhua,et al.Research on distribution characteristics and salt-discharging effect of directional migration of water and salt in soil through drip irrigation under plastic film[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2013,44(11):1 380-1 388.]
[16]王增丽,董平国,樊晓康,等.膜下滴灌不同灌溉定额对土壤水盐分布和春玉米产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(12):2 343-2 352.[Wang Zengli,Dong Pingguo,Fan Xiaokang,et al.Effects of irrigation quota on distribution of soil watersalt and yield of spring maize with drip irrigation under mulch[J].Scientia Agricultra Sinica,2016,49(12):2 343-2 352.]
[17]王增丽,朱兴平,温广贵,等.垄作沟灌条件下灌溉定额对土壤水盐分布和制种玉米耗水的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(1):50-54.[Wang Zengli,Zhu Xingping,Wen Guanggui,et al.Effects of irrigation quota on distribution characteristics of soil water-salt and water consumption during maize seed production under ridge and furrow farming[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2016,34(1):50-54.]
[18]李磊,张强,冯悦晨,等.全膜双垄沟播改善干旱冷凉区盐渍土水盐状况提高玉米产量[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(5):96-103.[Li Lei,Zhang Qiang,Feng Yuechen,et al.All-film doublefurrow sowing improving water and salt conditions and increasing maize yield in saline soil of cold and arid area[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(5):96-103.]
[19]关法春,苗彦军,Tianfang Bernie Fang,等.起垄措施对重度盐碱化草地土壤水盐和植被状况的影响[J].草地学报,2010,18(6):763-767.[Guan Fachun,Miao Yanjun,Tianfang Bernie Fang,et al.Effects of ridging on soil and above-ground biomass in heavy alkali-saline grasslands of west Songnen Plain,China[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2010,18(6):763-767.]