放射工作人员微核和染色体断片畸变调查分析
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摘要
目的从多角度分析小剂量慢性放射辐射对放射工作人员遗传物质的损害影响,借助微核和染色体断片畸变检测手段,探究具针对性的放射防护建议和措施。方法研究放射工作人员年龄、放射工龄和职业照射种类对微核和染色体断片畸变异常率有无显著影响,进一步分析各年龄组、各放射工龄段及各职业照射种类的微核及染色体断片畸变发生发展规律。结果放射工作人员的年龄对微核异常率影响显著,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=90. 180,P=0. 000 <0. 05),随着年龄增长,微核异常率呈下降趋势。放射工作人员年龄对染色体断片异常率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=9. 015,P=0. 029 <0. 05),其中31～40岁年龄组染色体断片畸变率最低。放射工作人员工龄对微核异常率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=34. 728,P=0. 000 <0. 05),随放射工龄增长,微核异常率呈下降趋势。放射工作人员放射工龄对染色体断片异常率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=3. 323,P=0. 344> 0. 05)。职业照射种类对微核异常率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=9. 873,P=0. 079> 0. 05),其中介入放射学微核异常率最高。在合理的放射防护建议下,微核复检的微核异常率显著低于初检结果(χ~2=425. 100,P=0. 000 <0. 05)。结论小剂量电离辐射对放射工作人员细胞遗传学的影响与放射工作人员年龄、放射工龄和职业照射种类密切相关,通过微核和染色体断片畸变检测指标,针对性地为放射工作人员施行放射防护、改善工作环境,切实保障劳动者的身体健康。
Objective To research the adverse effect of low-dose chronic radiation on genetic material of radiation workers,and explore targeted radiation protection suggestions and measures,we take the means of micronuleus and chromosomal aberrations detection. Methods To study the age of radiation workers,length of service and type of occupational exposure types on the abnormal rate of micronuleus and chromosomal aberrations,we need to study the developmental regularity of micronucleus and chromosomal aberrations in different age groups,radiation age groups and occupation groups. Results The age of the radiation workers had a significant influence on the micronucleus abnormal rate,the difference was statistically significant( χ~2= 90. 180,P = 0. 000 < 0. 05). With the increase of age,the micronucleus abnormal rate showed a downward trend. The age of radiation workers also had statistical significance on the rate of acentric fragment aberration( χ~2= 9. 015,P = 0. 029 < 0. 05),which 31 ～40 age group had the lowest rate. Radiation age has significant difference on the rate of micronucleus cells( χ~2= 34. 728,P =0. 000 < 0. 05),with the increase of radiation age,micronucleus cells rate showed a decreased trend. Radiation workers' service time has no significant difference on the rate of chromosomal aberrations( χ~2= 3. 323,P = 0. 344 > 0. 05),and the types of work have no significant difference on the micronucleus cells rate( χ~2= 9. 873,P = 0. 079 > 0. 05),among which the rate of micronuleus cells in interventional therapy group is higher than other groups. The abnormal rate of micronucleus recheck was significantly lower than that of primary recheck( χ~2= 425. 100,P = 0. 000 < 0. 05). Conclusion The effects of low dose ionizing radiation on radiation workers are closely related to their age, length of service and type of occupation. Radiation protection should be carried out for radiation workers to improve the working environment and ensure the health of the workers.
Objective To research the adverse effect of low-dose chronic radiation on genetic material of radiation workers,and explore targeted radiation protection suggestions and measures,we take the means of micronuleus and chromosomal aberrations detection. Methods To study the age of radiation workers,length of service and type of occupational exposure types on the abnormal rate of micronuleus and chromosomal aberrations,we need to study the developmental regularity of micronucleus and chromosomal aberrations in different age groups,radiation age groups and occupation groups. Results The age of the radiation workers had a significant influence on the micronucleus abnormal rate,the difference was statistically significant( χ~2= 90. 180,P = 0. 000 < 0. 05). With the increase of age,the micronucleus abnormal rate showed a downward trend. The age of radiation workers also had statistical significance on the rate of acentric fragment aberration( χ~2= 9. 015,P = 0. 029 < 0. 05),which 31 ～40 age group had the lowest rate. Radiation age has significant difference on the rate of micronucleus cells( χ~2= 34. 728,P =0. 000 < 0. 05),with the increase of radiation age,micronucleus cells rate showed a decreased trend. Radiation workers' service time has no significant difference on the rate of chromosomal aberrations( χ~2= 3. 323,P = 0. 344 > 0. 05),and the types of work have no significant difference on the micronucleus cells rate( χ~2= 9. 873,P = 0. 079 > 0. 05),among which the rate of micronuleus cells in interventional therapy group is higher than other groups. The abnormal rate of micronucleus recheck was significantly lower than that of primary recheck( χ~2= 425. 100,P = 0. 000 < 0. 05). Conclusion The effects of low dose ionizing radiation on radiation workers are closely related to their age, length of service and type of occupation. Radiation protection should be carried out for radiation workers to improve the working environment and ensure the health of the workers.
引文
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[11]李倩兰,吴子俊,黄红英,等.某核电站放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞微核率跟踪研究[J].职业卫生与应急救援,2015,33(5):326-328.
[12]金问森,徐师国,万志祥,等.安庆地区放射工作人员淋巴细胞遗传学分析[J].安徽医科大学学报,2003,38(4):289-291.
[13]张小乐,布敬双,李舟,等.贵州省2010年部分放射工作人员外照射个人剂量监测情况分析[J].中华放射医学与防护杂志,2012,32(1):96-97.
[14]张素英,李全开,吴旭梅,等.放射人员白细胞、淋巴细胞微核率及染色体畸变率异常影响因素分析[J].中华放射医学与防护杂志,2010,30(1):61-62.
[2]董翔.医用射线暴露对医护人员血液系统健康的影响[J].江苏预防医学,2016,27(3):297-299.
[3]毕明卫,陈英民.2012-2013年山东省医学放射工作人员外照射个人剂量监测结果分析[J].中国职业医学,2015,3(4):440-442.
[4]周小敏.染色体畸变分析和微核率检测在放射人员健康体检中的价值[J].临床研究,2011,10(9):284-285.
[5]赖专华,张克检,杨海峰,等.放射工作人员外周血细胞遗传学指标在辐射损伤评价上的应用[J].河南预防医学杂志,2016,27(10):721-726.
[6]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.GBZ/T 248-2014放射工作人员职业健康检查外周淋巴血细胞染色体畸变检测与评价[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.
[7]中华人民共和国卫生部.WS/T 187-1999淋巴细胞微核估算受照剂量的方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2000.
[8]中华人民共和国卫生部.GBZ 235-2011放射工作人员职业健康监护技术规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2011.
[9]钱庆增,曲艺,王光大,等.医院放射人员染色体畸变与累积辐射剂量的关系研究[J].河北医药,2017,39(7):968-972.
[10]张学清,陈英,王治东,等.健康成人自发染色体畸变率与微核率的本底状况再分析[J].癌变畸变突变,2013,26(1):56-58.
[11]李倩兰,吴子俊,黄红英,等.某核电站放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞微核率跟踪研究[J].职业卫生与应急救援,2015,33(5):326-328.
[12]金问森,徐师国,万志祥,等.安庆地区放射工作人员淋巴细胞遗传学分析[J].安徽医科大学学报,2003,38(4):289-291.
[13]张小乐,布敬双,李舟,等.贵州省2010年部分放射工作人员外照射个人剂量监测情况分析[J].中华放射医学与防护杂志,2012,32(1):96-97.
[14]张素英,李全开,吴旭梅,等.放射人员白细胞、淋巴细胞微核率及染色体畸变率异常影响因素分析[J].中华放射医学与防护杂志,2010,30(1):61-62.