贺兰山东坡青海云杉林苔藓群落及环境之间的关系
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摘要
苔藓植物作为一种环境指示植物广泛应用于生态各领域。以贺兰山东坡青海云杉(Picea crassifolia)林下苔藓群落为研究对象,沿着东坡山体设置了15个样地,运用冗余分析(RDA)对苔藓物种重要值与环境因子进行了排序,以期揭示贺兰山苔藓植物群落结构与环境因子之间的关系。结果表明:15个样地485份标本都是地面生苔藓,共有14科19属36种,主要是丛藓科(Pottiaceae)、灰藓科(Hypnaceae)、青藓科(Brachytheciaceae)、牛毛藓科(Ditrichaceae)和提灯藓科(Mniaceae),占苔藓植物总数的69.44%;15个样地苔藓物种重要值大小排序显示:优势种分别为灰藓(Hypnum cupressiforme)、山羽藓(Abietinella abietina)、树形疣灯藓(Trachycystis ussuriensis)、美姿藓(Timmia megapolitana)、青藓(Brachythecium pulchellum)、对叶藓(Distichium capillaceum)、无齿紫萼藓(Grimmia anodon)、厚角绢藓(Entodon concinnus)、细牛毛藓(Ditrichum flexicaule)和中华赤藓(Syntrichia sinensis),其中灰藓的重要值为0.417 6,是贺兰山东坡青海云杉林下苔藓植物主要的建群种,说明贺兰山东麓云杉林下较为干燥。RDA结果表明:海拔(F=5.124,p=0.010)、坡向(F=3.114,p=0.034)、年均降雨量(F=2.598,p=0.050)和年均温度(F=3.357,p=0.030)是影响苔藓群落分布的主要因素,第一和第二主轴共计可以解释苔藓群落方差63.20%。研究结果可以为贺兰山苔藓植物保护和合理利用提供理论依据。
As an environmental indicator,bryophytes are widely used in various fields of ecology.This study took bryophyte community of Picea crassifolia on the eastern slope of Helan Mountain as research object.Fifteen plots were set up along the eastern slope.Redundancy analysis(RDA)was performed to reveal the relationship between bryophyte community structure and environmental factors in Helan Mountain.The results showed that all 485 samples from 15 plots were terrestrial mosses,belonging to 36 species and 19 genera in 14 families;the main families are Pottiaceae,Hypnaceae,Brachytheciaceae,Ditrichaceae and Mniaceae,accounting for 69.44% of the total number of bryophytes;The rank order of important values of bryophytes species in 15 plots showed that the dominant species were Hypnum cupressiforme,Abietinella abietina,Trachycystis ussuriensis,Timmia megapolitana,Brachythecium pulchellum,Distichium capillaceum,Grimmia anodon,Entodon concinnus,Ditrichum flexicaule and Syntrichia sinensis.The importantvalue of the Hypnum cupressiforme is 0.417 6,which is the constructive species of bryophytes community,this also indicates that the Picea crossifolia on the eastern slope of Helan is relatively dry.The results of RDA showed that altitude(F=5.124,p=0.010),Aspect(F=3.114,p=0.034),mean annual precipitation(F=2.598,p=0.050),mean annual temperature(F=3.357,p=0.030),were the main factors influencing the distribution of bryophytes.The first and second principal axes can explain 63.20 % of the variance in bryophyte community.The results can provide theoretical basis for the protection and rational utilization of bryophytes in Helan Mountain.
As an environmental indicator,bryophytes are widely used in various fields of ecology.This study took bryophyte community of Picea crassifolia on the eastern slope of Helan Mountain as research object.Fifteen plots were set up along the eastern slope.Redundancy analysis(RDA)was performed to reveal the relationship between bryophyte community structure and environmental factors in Helan Mountain.The results showed that all 485 samples from 15 plots were terrestrial mosses,belonging to 36 species and 19 genera in 14 families;the main families are Pottiaceae,Hypnaceae,Brachytheciaceae,Ditrichaceae and Mniaceae,accounting for 69.44% of the total number of bryophytes;The rank order of important values of bryophytes species in 15 plots showed that the dominant species were Hypnum cupressiforme,Abietinella abietina,Trachycystis ussuriensis,Timmia megapolitana,Brachythecium pulchellum,Distichium capillaceum,Grimmia anodon,Entodon concinnus,Ditrichum flexicaule and Syntrichia sinensis.The importantvalue of the Hypnum cupressiforme is 0.417 6,which is the constructive species of bryophytes community,this also indicates that the Picea crossifolia on the eastern slope of Helan is relatively dry.The results of RDA showed that altitude(F=5.124,p=0.010),Aspect(F=3.114,p=0.034),mean annual precipitation(F=2.598,p=0.050),mean annual temperature(F=3.357,p=0.030),were the main factors influencing the distribution of bryophytes.The first and second principal axes can explain 63.20 % of the variance in bryophyte community.The results can provide theoretical basis for the protection and rational utilization of bryophytes in Helan Mountain.
引文
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[21]李粉霞,王幼芳,刘丽,等.浙江西天目山苔藓植物物种多样性的研究[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(2):192-196.
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[23] Sternberg M,Shoshany M.Influence of slope aspect on Mediterranean woody formations:comparison of a semiaridand an arid site in Israel[J]. Ecological Research,2010,16(2):335-345.
[24]刘旻霞,王刚.高寒草甸植物群落多样性及土壤因子对坡向的响应[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(2):259-265.
[25]陈龙,吴玉环,李微,等.沈阳市地面苔藓植物的分布及对环境因子的响应[J].生态科学,2009,28(3):206-211.
[26]张元明,曹同,潘伯荣.新疆博格达山地面生苔藓植被的数量分类与排序研究[J].植物生态学报,2002,26(1):10-16.
[27]张元明,曹同,潘伯荣.新疆古尔班通古特沙漠南缘土壤结皮中苔藓植物的研究[J].西北植物学报,2002,22(1):18-23.
[28]范苗,伍玉鹏,胡荣桂,等.武汉市城区苔藓植物多样性和分布及与环境因子的关系[J].植物科学学报,2017,35(6):825-834.
[2]张天汉,王智慧,张朝晖.贵州思雅河河谷地区喀斯特峰丛石漠苔藓植物群落研究[J].西北植物学报,2013,33(10):2104-2112.
[3]龚伟,王之明,李海英,等.浅谈苔藓植物在大气环境监测中的应用[J].环境研究与监测,2017,30(2):27-29.
[4]赖江山.生态学多元数据排序分析软件Canoco5介绍[J].生物多样性,2013,21(6):765-768.
[5]刘艳,皮春燕,田尚.重庆主城区地面苔藓植物群落特征及其与环境的关系[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(10):3145-3152.
[6]陈云,冯佳伟,牛帅,等.小秦岭自然保护区苔藓植物群落数量分类、排序及多样性垂直格局[J].生态学报,2017,37(8):2653-2664.
[7]白学良.贺兰山苔藓植物[M].银川:宁夏人民出版社,2010.
[8]车宗玺,刘贤德,敬文茂,等.祁连山林区苔藓垂直分布特征与水文功能分析[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(6):71-74.
[9]刘兴明,刘贤德,车宗玺,等.祁连山青海云杉林区苔藓层对流域水文的影响[J].干旱区地理,2010,33(6):962-967.
[10]万艳芳,李广,刘贤德,等.祁连山青海云杉林苔藓层降雨再分配特征及其影响因素[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(5):1149-1156.
[11]王顺利,刘贤德,金铭,等.青海云杉林下苔藓层对土壤蒸发的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(4):131-135.
[12]樊永军,闫伟,王黎元.贺兰山地区青海云杉外生菌根的形态类型及分子鉴定[J].林业科学,2011,47(6):108-113.
[13]季波.宁夏贺兰山主要森林群落生物量及碳储量研究[D].银川:宁夏大学,2015.
[14]李妍,李登武,韩东辰.贺兰山东坡青海云杉种群动态[J].浙江农林大学学报,2014,31(1):50-56.
[15]李永宁,张宾兰,秦淑英,等.郁闭度及其测定方法研究与应用[J].世界林业研究,2008,21(1):40-46.
[16]白学良.贺兰山苔藓植物彩图志[M].银川:阳光出版社,2014.
[17]王先道.贺兰山苔藓植物分类及区系研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学,2005.
[18] Jiang Y,Liu X,Song S,et al.Diversity and distribution of ground bryophytes in broadleaved forests in Mabian Dafengding National Nature Reserve,Sichuan,China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(2):13-19.
[19] Pescador D S,Bello F D,Valladares F,et al.Plant trait variation along an altitudinal gradient in Mediterranean high mountain grasslands:Controlling the species turnover effect[J].Plos One,2015,10(3):e0118876.
[20]孙守琴,王根绪,罗辑,等.苔藓植物对环境变化的响应和适应性[J].西北植物学报,2009,29(11):2360-2365.
[21]李粉霞,王幼芳,刘丽,等.浙江西天目山苔藓植物物种多样性的研究[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(2):192-196.
[22] Astrom M,Dynesius M,Hylander K,et al.Slope aspect modifies community responses to clear-cutting in boreal forests[J].Ecology,2007,88(3):749-758.
[23] Sternberg M,Shoshany M.Influence of slope aspect on Mediterranean woody formations:comparison of a semiaridand an arid site in Israel[J]. Ecological Research,2010,16(2):335-345.
[24]刘旻霞,王刚.高寒草甸植物群落多样性及土壤因子对坡向的响应[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(2):259-265.
[25]陈龙,吴玉环,李微,等.沈阳市地面苔藓植物的分布及对环境因子的响应[J].生态科学,2009,28(3):206-211.
[26]张元明,曹同,潘伯荣.新疆博格达山地面生苔藓植被的数量分类与排序研究[J].植物生态学报,2002,26(1):10-16.
[27]张元明,曹同,潘伯荣.新疆古尔班通古特沙漠南缘土壤结皮中苔藓植物的研究[J].西北植物学报,2002,22(1):18-23.
[28]范苗,伍玉鹏,胡荣桂,等.武汉市城区苔藓植物多样性和分布及与环境因子的关系[J].植物科学学报,2017,35(6):825-834.