长沙市文化创意企业空间格局及其影响因素
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摘要
企业在城市中的布局是理解城市空间结构特征的重要维度之一。以长沙市文化创意企业兴趣点(POI)数据为研究样本数据,利用核密度法、空间自相关法、Ripley’s K(d)函数、区位商指数等分析方法分析了文化创意产业空间格局特征与不同类型文化创意产业空间分异特征及其影响因素。结果表明:①长沙市文化创意产业总体上呈现出"一核一圈多点"的分布格局,且空间集聚特征明显;②基于行业分异视角的多尺度空间集聚差异显著,创意设计、体育休闲、文化传媒、文化教育和文化旅游等类别空间区位选择尺度较大,工艺美术和文化软件等类别空间区位选择的尺度较小;③基于街道层面的专业化功能区块特征差异明显,城市中心区域的街道呈现多种行业类型的集聚特征,而城市边缘区域的街道专业化区块功能较为单一;④中心性、可达性、基础设施、公共服务设施、历史文化资源、环境因素、人才因素和政策因素对文化创意企业区位选择具有显著影响,多因素协同作用下形成不同类型文化创意产业的空间集聚。
The layout of enterprises in city was one of the important dimensions to understand the characteristics of urban spatial structure. This paper took Changsha City cultural and creative enterprise POI( Point of Interest) data as the research object,and used kernel density estimation,spatial autocorrelation,Ripley'K( d) function and location entropy index to analyze the spatial pattern characteristics of cultural and creative industries and the spatial differentiation characteristics of different types of cultural creative industries and the influencing factors. The results showed that: ①The cultural and creative industries in Changsha City generally showed the distribution pattern of"One Core,One Circle,More Points",and the spatial agglomeration characteristics were obvious. ②The multi-scale spatial agglomeration based on the industry differentiation perspective was significant. The spatial scales of location selection of creative design,sports leisure,cultural media,cultural education and cultural tourism were larger,and arts and crafts and cultural software were smaller. ③The characteristics of specialized functional blocks based on street level were obvious. The streets of urban central area presented agglomeration characteristics of various industry types,while the street specialization blocks in the urban fringe area had relatively simple functions. ④ Centrality,accessibility,infrastructure,public service facilities,historical and cultural resources,environment factors,talent factors and policy factors had a significant impact on the location choice of cultural and creative industries,and it was a spatial agglomeration formed by the combination of multiple factors.
The layout of enterprises in city was one of the important dimensions to understand the characteristics of urban spatial structure. This paper took Changsha City cultural and creative enterprise POI( Point of Interest) data as the research object,and used kernel density estimation,spatial autocorrelation,Ripley'K( d) function and location entropy index to analyze the spatial pattern characteristics of cultural and creative industries and the spatial differentiation characteristics of different types of cultural creative industries and the influencing factors. The results showed that: ①The cultural and creative industries in Changsha City generally showed the distribution pattern of"One Core,One Circle,More Points",and the spatial agglomeration characteristics were obvious. ②The multi-scale spatial agglomeration based on the industry differentiation perspective was significant. The spatial scales of location selection of creative design,sports leisure,cultural media,cultural education and cultural tourism were larger,and arts and crafts and cultural software were smaller. ③The characteristics of specialized functional blocks based on street level were obvious. The streets of urban central area presented agglomeration characteristics of various industry types,while the street specialization blocks in the urban fringe area had relatively simple functions. ④ Centrality,accessibility,infrastructure,public service facilities,historical and cultural resources,environment factors,talent factors and policy factors had a significant impact on the location choice of cultural and creative industries,and it was a spatial agglomeration formed by the combination of multiple factors.
引文
[1]李学鑫.中国农区文化创意产业集群形成演化机理——以民权县王公庄绘画产业集群为例[J].地理科学进展,2010,29(8)∶1011-1017.
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[6]Kloosterman R C. Recent Employment Trends in the Cultural Industries in Amsterdam,Rotterdam,the Hague and Utrecht:A First Exploration[J]. Tijdschrift Voor Economische En Sociale Geografie,2004,95(2)∶243-252.
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[17]Katarina Nylund. Cultural Analyses in Urban Theory of the 1990s[J]. Acta Sociologica,2001,44(3)∶219-230.
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[21]Currid. New York as a Global Creative Hub:A Competitive Analysis of Four Theories on World Cities[J]. Economic Development Quarterly,2006,(20)∶330-350.
[22]周春山,冯莉莉.广州创意产业的发展与布局[J].城市观察,2009,(3)∶122-130.
[23]褚劲风,高峰.上海苏州河沿岸创意活动的地理空间及其集聚研究[J].经济地理,2011,31(10)∶1674-1679.
[24]陈汉欣.深圳文化创意产业的发展特点与集聚区浅析[J].经济地理,2009,29(5)∶757-764.
[25]周灵雁,褚劲风,李萍萍.上海创意产业空间集聚研究[J].现代城市研究,2006,(12)∶4-9.
[26]周尚意,姜苗苗,吴莉萍.北京城区文化产业空间分布特征分析[J].北京师范大学学报(社会科学版),2006,(6)∶127-133.
[27]Markusen A,King D. The Artistic Divided:The Arts'Hidden Contributions to Regional Development,Minneapolois,MN:Project on Regional and Industrial Economics,Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs[D]. University of Minnesota,2003.
[28]褚劲风.上海创意产业园区的空间分异研究[J].人文地理,2009,24(2)∶23-28.
[29]姚磊,张敏,汪飞.基于细分类型的南京市创意产业空间演化特征与差异[J].人文地理,2013,28(5)∶42-48.
[30]Allen J Scott. On Hollywood. The Place,The Industry[M]. Princeton University Press,Princeton and Oxford,2005.
[31]褚劲风.上海创意产业空间集聚的影响因素分析[J].经济地理,2009,29(1)∶102-107,129.
[32]Florida R. The Rise of the Creative Class and How Its Transforming Work,Leisure,Community&Everyday Life[M]. New York:Basic Books,2002.
[33]Landry C. The Creative City:A Toolkit for Urban Innovators[M].London:Earthscan,2008.
[34]汪毅,徐日勺,朱喜钢.南京创意产业集聚区分布特征及空间效应研究[J].热带地理,2010,30(1)∶79-83,100.
[35]黄江,胡晓鸣.创意产业企业空间分布研究——以杭州市为例[J].经济地理,2011,31(11)∶1851-1856.
[36]刘孟阳,林爱文.基于空间分析方法的武汉市创意产业空间集聚演化研究[J].人文地理,2015,30(6)∶113-120.
[37]罗蕾,田玲玲,罗静.武汉市中心城区创意产业企业空间分布特征[J].经济地理,2015,35(2)∶114-119.
[38]杨凤鸣.基于3T理论视角的长沙创意产业发展研究[J].经济地理,2014,34(7)∶111-115.
[39]熊远帆.“媒体艺术之都”对长沙意味着什么[N].湖南日报,2017-11-02(1).
[40]北京市统计局.《北京市文化创意产业分类标准》及测算结果.[EB/OL].(2006-12-13).[2018-06-05]. http://tjj. beijing. gov. cn/zwgk/tjgz/jddt/201511/t20151102_303786. html.
[41]长沙市政府门户网站.关于印发《长沙市文化创意产业发展规划(2012-2015)》的通知.[EB/OL].(2012-01-16).[2018-06-05]. http://www. changsha. gov. cn/xxgk/szfgbmxxgkml/szfgzbmxxgkml/skjj/fggw_425/bmwj_427/201505/t20150526_755630. html.
[42]孟斌,张景秋,王劲峰,等.空间分析方法在房地产市场研究中的应用——以北京市为例[J].地理研究,2005,24(6)∶956-964,1004.
[43]王法辉,姜世国,腾俊华,译.基于GIS的数量方法与应用[M].北京:商务印书馆,2009.
[44]郝金莲,林善浪,王利.长江经济带入境旅游时空格局动态性——基于ESDA&GWR法[J].长江流域资源与环境,2017,26(10)∶1498-1507.
[45]王劲峰,廖一兰,刘鑫.空间数据分析教程[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[46]韩会然,杨成凤,宋金平.北京批发企业空间格局演化与区位选择因素[J].地理学报,2018,73(2)∶219-231.
[47]高超,金凤君.沿海地区经济技术开发区空间格局演化及产业特征[J].地理学报,2015,70(2)∶202-213.
[48]浩飞龙,王士君.长春市零售商业空间分布特征及形成机理[J].地理科学,2016,36(6)∶855-862.
[2]熊彼得.经济发展理论[M].北京:商务印书馆,2000.
[3]GB DCMS. Creative Industries Mapping Document 1998[R]. London:GB Department of Culture,Media,and Sport,1998.
[4]GB DCMS. Creative Industries Mapping Document 2001[R]. London:GB Department of Culture,Media,and Sport,2001.
[5]Lawrence T B,Philips N. Understanding Cultural Industries[J]. Journal of Management Inquiry,2002,11(4)∶430-441.
[6]Kloosterman R C. Recent Employment Trends in the Cultural Industries in Amsterdam,Rotterdam,the Hague and Utrecht:A First Exploration[J]. Tijdschrift Voor Economische En Sociale Geografie,2004,95(2)∶243-252.
[7]Pratt A C. The Cultural Industries Production System:A Case Study of Employment Change in Britain,1984-1991[J]. Environment and Planning A,1997,(29)∶1953-1974.
[8]Basset K,Griffiths R,Smith I. Cultural Industries,Cultural Clusters and the City:The Example of Natural History Film-making in Bristo[J]. Geoforum,2002,(33)∶165-177.
[9]Hesmondhalgh D. The Cultural Industries[M]. London:SAGE Publications,2002.
[10]Hartley J. Creative Industries//Hartley J. Creative Industries[M].Malden:Blackwell Publishing Ltd,2005.
[11]凯夫斯.创意产业经济学:艺术的商业之道[M].北京:新华出版社,2004.
[12]Howkins J. The Creative Economy:How People Make Money from Ideas[M]. London:Penguin,2001.
[13]Allen J Scott. The Cultural Economy of Cities[J]. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research,1997,(21)∶323-339.
[14]Ivan Turok. Cities,Clusters and Creative Industries:The Case of Film and Television in Scotland[J]. European Planning Studies,2003,11(5)∶549-565.
[15]Allen J Scott. The Cultural Economy:Geography and the Creative Field[J]. Media Culture&Society,1999,21(6)∶808-817.
[16]Allen J Scott. Capitalism,Cities,and the Production of Symbolic Forms[J]. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers,2001,26(1)∶11-23.
[17]Katarina Nylund. Cultural Analyses in Urban Theory of the 1990s[J]. Acta Sociologica,2001,44(3)∶219-230.
[18]Allen J Scott. Cultural Economy and the Creative Field of the City[J]. Human Geography,2010,92(2)∶115-130.
[19]Florida Richard. The Rise of the Creative Class[M]. New York:Basic Books,2002.
[20]Hutton,Thomas A. Spatiality,Built Form,and Creative Industry Development in the Inner City[J]. Environment&Planning,2006,38(10)∶1819-1841.
[21]Currid. New York as a Global Creative Hub:A Competitive Analysis of Four Theories on World Cities[J]. Economic Development Quarterly,2006,(20)∶330-350.
[22]周春山,冯莉莉.广州创意产业的发展与布局[J].城市观察,2009,(3)∶122-130.
[23]褚劲风,高峰.上海苏州河沿岸创意活动的地理空间及其集聚研究[J].经济地理,2011,31(10)∶1674-1679.
[24]陈汉欣.深圳文化创意产业的发展特点与集聚区浅析[J].经济地理,2009,29(5)∶757-764.
[25]周灵雁,褚劲风,李萍萍.上海创意产业空间集聚研究[J].现代城市研究,2006,(12)∶4-9.
[26]周尚意,姜苗苗,吴莉萍.北京城区文化产业空间分布特征分析[J].北京师范大学学报(社会科学版),2006,(6)∶127-133.
[27]Markusen A,King D. The Artistic Divided:The Arts'Hidden Contributions to Regional Development,Minneapolois,MN:Project on Regional and Industrial Economics,Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs[D]. University of Minnesota,2003.
[28]褚劲风.上海创意产业园区的空间分异研究[J].人文地理,2009,24(2)∶23-28.
[29]姚磊,张敏,汪飞.基于细分类型的南京市创意产业空间演化特征与差异[J].人文地理,2013,28(5)∶42-48.
[30]Allen J Scott. On Hollywood. The Place,The Industry[M]. Princeton University Press,Princeton and Oxford,2005.
[31]褚劲风.上海创意产业空间集聚的影响因素分析[J].经济地理,2009,29(1)∶102-107,129.
[32]Florida R. The Rise of the Creative Class and How Its Transforming Work,Leisure,Community&Everyday Life[M]. New York:Basic Books,2002.
[33]Landry C. The Creative City:A Toolkit for Urban Innovators[M].London:Earthscan,2008.
[34]汪毅,徐日勺,朱喜钢.南京创意产业集聚区分布特征及空间效应研究[J].热带地理,2010,30(1)∶79-83,100.
[35]黄江,胡晓鸣.创意产业企业空间分布研究——以杭州市为例[J].经济地理,2011,31(11)∶1851-1856.
[36]刘孟阳,林爱文.基于空间分析方法的武汉市创意产业空间集聚演化研究[J].人文地理,2015,30(6)∶113-120.
[37]罗蕾,田玲玲,罗静.武汉市中心城区创意产业企业空间分布特征[J].经济地理,2015,35(2)∶114-119.
[38]杨凤鸣.基于3T理论视角的长沙创意产业发展研究[J].经济地理,2014,34(7)∶111-115.
[39]熊远帆.“媒体艺术之都”对长沙意味着什么[N].湖南日报,2017-11-02(1).
[40]北京市统计局.《北京市文化创意产业分类标准》及测算结果.[EB/OL].(2006-12-13).[2018-06-05]. http://tjj. beijing. gov. cn/zwgk/tjgz/jddt/201511/t20151102_303786. html.
[41]长沙市政府门户网站.关于印发《长沙市文化创意产业发展规划(2012-2015)》的通知.[EB/OL].(2012-01-16).[2018-06-05]. http://www. changsha. gov. cn/xxgk/szfgbmxxgkml/szfgzbmxxgkml/skjj/fggw_425/bmwj_427/201505/t20150526_755630. html.
[42]孟斌,张景秋,王劲峰,等.空间分析方法在房地产市场研究中的应用——以北京市为例[J].地理研究,2005,24(6)∶956-964,1004.
[43]王法辉,姜世国,腾俊华,译.基于GIS的数量方法与应用[M].北京:商务印书馆,2009.
[44]郝金莲,林善浪,王利.长江经济带入境旅游时空格局动态性——基于ESDA&GWR法[J].长江流域资源与环境,2017,26(10)∶1498-1507.
[45]王劲峰,廖一兰,刘鑫.空间数据分析教程[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[46]韩会然,杨成凤,宋金平.北京批发企业空间格局演化与区位选择因素[J].地理学报,2018,73(2)∶219-231.
[47]高超,金凤君.沿海地区经济技术开发区空间格局演化及产业特征[J].地理学报,2015,70(2)∶202-213.
[48]浩飞龙,王士君.长春市零售商业空间分布特征及形成机理[J].地理科学,2016,36(6)∶855-862.
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