228份引进大蒜资源的表型多样性分析及适应性初步评价
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摘要
为了解引进大蒜资源遗传多样性和引进后的适应性,对国家无性繁殖及多年生蔬菜种质资源圃从34个国家引进的228份大蒜(Allium sativum L.)资源进行了表型性状评价。结果表明:13个数量性状的变异系数分布在18.94%～56.36%之间,质量性状中除叶形仅一种表现型,其他质量性状表型丰富;25个性状的多样性指数分布在0～2.03之间,遗传多样性指数高,类型丰富。通过聚类分析,将引进的大蒜资源分为3个类群,类群Ⅰ地上部分植株矮小、细弱,叶片短而细,鳞茎表现较差,为丰产性较差的类群;类群Ⅱ鳞茎横茎小,鳞芽数少,鳞茎形状为高圆型;类群Ⅲ植株高大开展,叶片长且宽,鳞茎重且鳞茎横茎大。主成分分析中,选取累积贡献率为69.94%的3个因子来评价该批资源。大蒜鳞茎部分性状的相关分析表明,鳞茎横径、鳞茎高、鳞芽高、鳞芽背宽均与单头鳞茎重存在极显著的正相关关系,在选育高产大蒜品种时,这些性状将作为主要的目标性状;引种前后的鳞茎相关性状对比分析表明,不同种质在引种后的适应性表现差异较大,部分资源种植后鳞茎高和鳞茎横茎较引种时明显增大,表现出了较好的适应性。相关结果将为大蒜种质资源的利用及品种选育等提供重要参考。
The phenotypic diversity and adaptability of 228 introduced garlic(Allium sativum L.)germplasm accessions originated from 34 countries were evaluated in the present study. The field trial was performed at the national germplasm repository for vegetables. The coefficient of variation of 13 quantitative traits ranged from 18.94% to 56.36%. These genotypes represented visible variations on all qualitative traits except leaf shape. The diversity index of 25 traits varied from 0 to 2.03,indicating that the introduced garlic germplasm maintained high levels of genetic diversity. The clustering analysis of 228 accessions revealed three groups. The accessions within group I showed small and slender plants,short and thin leaves,and low quality bulbs. The group II was comprised of those accessions that transverse diameter of bulbs were small,and bulbs were less and the bulbs shape were high spherical. The accessions in group III mostly exhibited tall and big plants,long and wide leaves,and heavy and large bulbs. The first three principal components explained 69.94% of phenotypic variation. The bulb weight was found to be significantly and positively correlated with bulb diameter,bulb height,height of scale buds and width of scale buds. Furthermore,these accessions were variable on adaptability by comparing the measurements of bulb-related traits before planting with that of after harvest. Thus,these results will provide benefits for breeders and researchers in order to take use of the germplasm accessions in breeding programs.
The phenotypic diversity and adaptability of 228 introduced garlic(Allium sativum L.)germplasm accessions originated from 34 countries were evaluated in the present study. The field trial was performed at the national germplasm repository for vegetables. The coefficient of variation of 13 quantitative traits ranged from 18.94% to 56.36%. These genotypes represented visible variations on all qualitative traits except leaf shape. The diversity index of 25 traits varied from 0 to 2.03,indicating that the introduced garlic germplasm maintained high levels of genetic diversity. The clustering analysis of 228 accessions revealed three groups. The accessions within group I showed small and slender plants,short and thin leaves,and low quality bulbs. The group II was comprised of those accessions that transverse diameter of bulbs were small,and bulbs were less and the bulbs shape were high spherical. The accessions in group III mostly exhibited tall and big plants,long and wide leaves,and heavy and large bulbs. The first three principal components explained 69.94% of phenotypic variation. The bulb weight was found to be significantly and positively correlated with bulb diameter,bulb height,height of scale buds and width of scale buds. Furthermore,these accessions were variable on adaptability by comparing the measurements of bulb-related traits before planting with that of after harvest. Thus,these results will provide benefits for breeders and researchers in order to take use of the germplasm accessions in breeding programs.
引文
[1]王海平.中国大蒜遗传多样性评价及大蒜辣素含量与蒜氨酸酶基因的关联分析.北京：中国农业科学院，2011Wang H P. Evaluation and Cluster Analysis of garlic(Allium sativum L.)germplasm from China based on bulb yield quantitative traits. Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2011
[2]曾潮武，梁晓东，李建疆.中亚引进春小麦种质资源主要农艺性状的遗传多样性分析.作物杂志，2017(2):67-71Zeng C W,Liang X D,Li J J. Genetic diversity analysis of main agronomic traits of spring wheat germplasm introduced in Central Asia. Crops,2017(2):67-71
[3]刘丽琴，田海燕. 27份引进杧果种质资源果实品质性状多样性评价.中国南方果树，2017,46(1):50-54Liu L Q,Tian H Y. Evaluation of fruit quality traits of 27selected capsule germplasm resources. South China Fruit Science,2017,46(1):50-54
[4]解松峰，欧行奇，张百忍，聂小军，杜向红，张宝军，宋卫宁.大麦引进种质资源表型的多样性与模糊聚类分析.干旱地区农业研究，2010,28(5):5-14Xie S F,Ou X Q,Zhang B R,Nie X J,Du X H,Zhang B J,Song W N. Phenotypic diversity and fuzzy cluster analysis of introduced germplasm resources in barley. Agricultural Research in Arid Areas,2010,28(5):5-14
[5]王素.国外蔬菜种质资源的引种利用.中国种业，1998(4):43-46Wang S. Introduction and utilization of foreign vegetable germplasm resources. China Seed Industry,1998(4):43-46
[6] Wang H P,Li X X,Song J P. Vegetable genetic resources in China.Horticultural Plant Journal,2018,4(2):83-88
[7]刘同金，张晓辉，沈镝，王海平，邱杨，宋江萍，李锡香.欧洲山芥种质资源的表型遗传多样性分析.植物遗传资源学报，2015,16(3):528-534Liu T J,Zhang X H,Shen D,Wang H P,Qiu Y,Song J P,Li X X.Analysis on genetic diversity of barbarea vulgaris germplasm resources based on phenotypic traits. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2015,16(03):528-534
[8]余斌，杨宏羽，王丽，刘玉汇，白江平，王蒂，张俊莲.引进马铃薯种质资源在干旱半干旱区的表型性状遗传多样性分析及综合评价.作物学报，2018,44(1):63-74Yu B,Yang H Y,Wang L,Liu Y H,Bai J P,Wang D,Zhang J L. Genetic diversity analysis and comprehensive assessment of phenotypic traits in introduced potato germplasm resources in Arid and Semi-arid Area. Acta Agronomica Sinica,2018,44(1):63-74
[9]余继忠.福鼎大白茶半同胞系和云南大叶茶半同胞系遗传多样性和亲缘关系研究.北京：中国农业科学院，2010Yu J Z. Genetic diversity and relationship of Half-sib tea cultivars related to Fuding Dabaicha and Yunnan Dayetea.Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2010
[10]周波，江海东，张秀新，薛璟祺，石颜通.部分引进牡丹品种的形态多样性.生物多样性，2011,19(5):543-550Z h o u B,J i a n g H D,Z h a n g X X,X u e J Q,S h i Y T.Morphological diversity of some introduced tree peony cultivars. Biodiversity Science,2011,19(5):543-550
[11] Wang H P,Li X X,Liu X H,Qiu Y,Song J P,Zhang X H.Genetic diversity of garlic(Allium sativum L.)germplasm from China by fluorescent-based AFLP,SSR and InDel markers.Plant Breeding,2016,135(6):743-750
[12] Shaaf S,Sharma R,Kilian B,Alexander W,Hakan?，Ezzat K,Bahram M. Genetic structure and eco-geographical adaptation of garlic landraces(Allium sativum L.)in Iran. Genetic Resources&Crop Evolution,2014,61(8):1565-1580
[13]孙亚丽，史庆华，刘世琦，孙秀东，陈亚霏，钱胜艳，刘星辰.基于SSR分子标记的大蒜种质资源遗传多样性研究.山东农业大学学报：自然科学版，2017,48(3):384-389Sun Y L,Shi Q H,Liu S Q,Sun X D,Chen Y F,Qian S Y,Liu X C. The study on the genetic diversity of garlic germplasm based on SSR molecular marker. Journal of Shandong Agricultural University:Natural Science Edition,2017,48(3):384-389
[14]韩曙，丁玉梅，王世华，李智梅，苗长辉，寸寿艳，杨正安.18份大蒜种质资源遗传多样性的RAPD分析.云南农业大学学报，2010,25(1):84-89Han S,Ding Y M,Wang S H,Li Z H,Miao Z H,Cun S Y,Yang Z A. Genetic diversity analysis of 18 samplers of Allium sativum L. germplasm resources using RAPD markers. Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University,2010,25(1):84-89
[15]何继红，董孔军，刘敏轩，任瑞玉，张磊，杨天育，陆平.甘肃省新征集高粱地方品种资源的鉴定与遗传多样性评价.植物遗传资源学报，2015,16(3):479-484He J H,Dong K J,Liu M X,Ren R Y,Zhang L,Yang T Y,Lu P.Identification and genetic diversity evaluation of new-collective germplasm of sorghum in Gansu province. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2015,16(3):479-484
[16]李晓曼，段蒙蒙，王鹏，汪精磊，张晓辉，邱杨，王海平，宋江萍，李锡香.栽培萝卜植株地上部表型多样性分析.植物遗传资源学报，2018,19(4):668-675Li X M,Duan M M,Wang P,Wang J L,Zhang X H,Qiu Y,Wang H P,Song J P,Li X X. Phenotypic diversity analysis of cultivated radish(Raphanus sativus L.). Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2018,19(4):668-675
[17]韩小孩，张耀辉，孙福军，王少华.基于主成分分析的指标权重确定方法.四川兵工学报，2012,33(10):124-126Han X H,Zhang Y H,Sun F J,Wang S H. Method for determining index weights based on principal component analysis. Journal of Sichuan Institute of Ordnance Engineering,2012,33(10):124-126
[18]孙敬强.大蒜种质资源的鉴定与评价.泰安：山东农业大学，2013Sun J Q. Identification and evaluation of garlic germplasm resource. Tai′an:Shandong Agricultural University,2013
[19]梁吉业，冯晨娇，宋鹏.大数据相关分析综述.计算机学报，2016,39(1):1-18Liang J Y,Feng C J,Song P. A survey on correlation analysis of big data. Journal of Computers,2016,39(1):1-18
[20]王海平，李锡香，沈镝，宋江萍，邱杨，Philipp W.Simon.大蒜资源鳞茎产量构成性状评价与种质分类研究.华北农学报，2011,26(S1):153-162Wang H P,Li X X,Shen D,Song J P,Qiu Y,Philipp W.Simon.Evaluation and cluster analysis of garlic(Allium sativum L.)germplasm from China based on bulb yield quantitative traits.North China Agricultural Journal,2011,26(S1):153-162
[21] Egea L A,Mérida-García R,Andrzej K,Pilar H,Gabriel D. Assessment of genetic diversity and structure of large garlic(Allium sativum)germplasm bank,by diversity arrays technology"Genotyping-by-Sequencing"platform(DArTseq).Frontiers in Genetics,2017,8:98
[22]高园园，张龙平，刘国伟，高发瑞，刘艳芝，徐祥，马井玉.不同大蒜种质资源在山东济宁地区的适应性.农业工程，2014,4(5):104-105,108Gao Y Y,Zhang L P,Liu G W,Gao F R,Liu Y Z,Xu X,Ma J Y. Adaptability of several garlic germplasm resources in Jining area of Shandong Province. Agricultural Engineering,2014,4(5):104-105,108
[23]李锡香，朱德蔚.大蒜种质资源描述规范和数据标准.北京：中国农业出版社，2006:1-59Li X X,Zhu D W. Description and data standard for garlic.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2006:1-59
[24]王以元，刘赐全，陈爱红.大蒜出口质量标准及达标技术的研究简报.当代生态农业，2005(Z1):57-58Wang Y Y,Liu C Q,Chen A H. Research report on garlic export quality standards and compliance technologies. Contemporary Ecological Agriculture,2005(Z1):57-58
[25]王海平，李锡香，沈镝，邱杨，宋江萍，张晓辉，Philipp W.Simon.基于表型性状的中国大蒜资源遗传多样性分析.植物遗传资源学报，2014,15(1):24-31Wang H P,Li X X,Shen D,Qiu Y,Song J P,Zhang X H,Philipp W.Simon. Evaluation on genetic diversity of garlic(Allium sativum L.)clones in China based on morphological characters.Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2014,15(1):24-31
[26]孔素萍，孙敬强，吴雄，杨妍妍，霍雨猛，徐坤.大蒜主要农艺性状变异特征及其与产量相关构成分析.中国农业科学，2015,48(6):1240-1248Kong S P,Sun J Q,Wu X,Yang Y Y,Huo Y M,Xu K.Analysis of relationship between variations of main agronomic traits and yield in garlic. Chinese Agricultural Sciences,2015,48(6):1240-1248
[2]曾潮武，梁晓东，李建疆.中亚引进春小麦种质资源主要农艺性状的遗传多样性分析.作物杂志，2017(2):67-71Zeng C W,Liang X D,Li J J. Genetic diversity analysis of main agronomic traits of spring wheat germplasm introduced in Central Asia. Crops,2017(2):67-71
[3]刘丽琴，田海燕. 27份引进杧果种质资源果实品质性状多样性评价.中国南方果树，2017,46(1):50-54Liu L Q,Tian H Y. Evaluation of fruit quality traits of 27selected capsule germplasm resources. South China Fruit Science,2017,46(1):50-54
[4]解松峰，欧行奇，张百忍，聂小军，杜向红，张宝军，宋卫宁.大麦引进种质资源表型的多样性与模糊聚类分析.干旱地区农业研究，2010,28(5):5-14Xie S F,Ou X Q,Zhang B R,Nie X J,Du X H,Zhang B J,Song W N. Phenotypic diversity and fuzzy cluster analysis of introduced germplasm resources in barley. Agricultural Research in Arid Areas,2010,28(5):5-14
[5]王素.国外蔬菜种质资源的引种利用.中国种业，1998(4):43-46Wang S. Introduction and utilization of foreign vegetable germplasm resources. China Seed Industry,1998(4):43-46
[6] Wang H P,Li X X,Song J P. Vegetable genetic resources in China.Horticultural Plant Journal,2018,4(2):83-88
[7]刘同金，张晓辉，沈镝，王海平，邱杨，宋江萍，李锡香.欧洲山芥种质资源的表型遗传多样性分析.植物遗传资源学报，2015,16(3):528-534Liu T J,Zhang X H,Shen D,Wang H P,Qiu Y,Song J P,Li X X.Analysis on genetic diversity of barbarea vulgaris germplasm resources based on phenotypic traits. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2015,16(03):528-534
[8]余斌，杨宏羽，王丽，刘玉汇，白江平，王蒂，张俊莲.引进马铃薯种质资源在干旱半干旱区的表型性状遗传多样性分析及综合评价.作物学报，2018,44(1):63-74Yu B,Yang H Y,Wang L,Liu Y H,Bai J P,Wang D,Zhang J L. Genetic diversity analysis and comprehensive assessment of phenotypic traits in introduced potato germplasm resources in Arid and Semi-arid Area. Acta Agronomica Sinica,2018,44(1):63-74
[9]余继忠.福鼎大白茶半同胞系和云南大叶茶半同胞系遗传多样性和亲缘关系研究.北京：中国农业科学院，2010Yu J Z. Genetic diversity and relationship of Half-sib tea cultivars related to Fuding Dabaicha and Yunnan Dayetea.Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2010
[10]周波，江海东，张秀新，薛璟祺，石颜通.部分引进牡丹品种的形态多样性.生物多样性，2011,19(5):543-550Z h o u B,J i a n g H D,Z h a n g X X,X u e J Q,S h i Y T.Morphological diversity of some introduced tree peony cultivars. Biodiversity Science,2011,19(5):543-550
[11] Wang H P,Li X X,Liu X H,Qiu Y,Song J P,Zhang X H.Genetic diversity of garlic(Allium sativum L.)germplasm from China by fluorescent-based AFLP,SSR and InDel markers.Plant Breeding,2016,135(6):743-750
[12] Shaaf S,Sharma R,Kilian B,Alexander W,Hakan?，Ezzat K,Bahram M. Genetic structure and eco-geographical adaptation of garlic landraces(Allium sativum L.)in Iran. Genetic Resources&Crop Evolution,2014,61(8):1565-1580
[13]孙亚丽，史庆华，刘世琦，孙秀东，陈亚霏，钱胜艳，刘星辰.基于SSR分子标记的大蒜种质资源遗传多样性研究.山东农业大学学报：自然科学版，2017,48(3):384-389Sun Y L,Shi Q H,Liu S Q,Sun X D,Chen Y F,Qian S Y,Liu X C. The study on the genetic diversity of garlic germplasm based on SSR molecular marker. Journal of Shandong Agricultural University:Natural Science Edition,2017,48(3):384-389
[14]韩曙，丁玉梅，王世华，李智梅，苗长辉，寸寿艳，杨正安.18份大蒜种质资源遗传多样性的RAPD分析.云南农业大学学报，2010,25(1):84-89Han S,Ding Y M,Wang S H,Li Z H,Miao Z H,Cun S Y,Yang Z A. Genetic diversity analysis of 18 samplers of Allium sativum L. germplasm resources using RAPD markers. Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University,2010,25(1):84-89
[15]何继红，董孔军，刘敏轩，任瑞玉，张磊，杨天育，陆平.甘肃省新征集高粱地方品种资源的鉴定与遗传多样性评价.植物遗传资源学报，2015,16(3):479-484He J H,Dong K J,Liu M X,Ren R Y,Zhang L,Yang T Y,Lu P.Identification and genetic diversity evaluation of new-collective germplasm of sorghum in Gansu province. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2015,16(3):479-484
[16]李晓曼，段蒙蒙，王鹏，汪精磊，张晓辉，邱杨，王海平，宋江萍，李锡香.栽培萝卜植株地上部表型多样性分析.植物遗传资源学报，2018,19(4):668-675Li X M,Duan M M,Wang P,Wang J L,Zhang X H,Qiu Y,Wang H P,Song J P,Li X X. Phenotypic diversity analysis of cultivated radish(Raphanus sativus L.). Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2018,19(4):668-675
[17]韩小孩，张耀辉，孙福军，王少华.基于主成分分析的指标权重确定方法.四川兵工学报，2012,33(10):124-126Han X H,Zhang Y H,Sun F J,Wang S H. Method for determining index weights based on principal component analysis. Journal of Sichuan Institute of Ordnance Engineering,2012,33(10):124-126
[18]孙敬强.大蒜种质资源的鉴定与评价.泰安：山东农业大学，2013Sun J Q. Identification and evaluation of garlic germplasm resource. Tai′an:Shandong Agricultural University,2013
[19]梁吉业，冯晨娇，宋鹏.大数据相关分析综述.计算机学报，2016,39(1):1-18Liang J Y,Feng C J,Song P. A survey on correlation analysis of big data. Journal of Computers,2016,39(1):1-18
[20]王海平，李锡香，沈镝，宋江萍，邱杨，Philipp W.Simon.大蒜资源鳞茎产量构成性状评价与种质分类研究.华北农学报，2011,26(S1):153-162Wang H P,Li X X,Shen D,Song J P,Qiu Y,Philipp W.Simon.Evaluation and cluster analysis of garlic(Allium sativum L.)germplasm from China based on bulb yield quantitative traits.North China Agricultural Journal,2011,26(S1):153-162
[21] Egea L A,Mérida-García R,Andrzej K,Pilar H,Gabriel D. Assessment of genetic diversity and structure of large garlic(Allium sativum)germplasm bank,by diversity arrays technology"Genotyping-by-Sequencing"platform(DArTseq).Frontiers in Genetics,2017,8:98
[22]高园园，张龙平，刘国伟，高发瑞，刘艳芝，徐祥，马井玉.不同大蒜种质资源在山东济宁地区的适应性.农业工程，2014,4(5):104-105,108Gao Y Y,Zhang L P,Liu G W,Gao F R,Liu Y Z,Xu X,Ma J Y. Adaptability of several garlic germplasm resources in Jining area of Shandong Province. Agricultural Engineering,2014,4(5):104-105,108
[23]李锡香，朱德蔚.大蒜种质资源描述规范和数据标准.北京：中国农业出版社，2006:1-59Li X X,Zhu D W. Description and data standard for garlic.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2006:1-59
[24]王以元，刘赐全，陈爱红.大蒜出口质量标准及达标技术的研究简报.当代生态农业，2005(Z1):57-58Wang Y Y,Liu C Q,Chen A H. Research report on garlic export quality standards and compliance technologies. Contemporary Ecological Agriculture,2005(Z1):57-58
[25]王海平，李锡香，沈镝，邱杨，宋江萍，张晓辉，Philipp W.Simon.基于表型性状的中国大蒜资源遗传多样性分析.植物遗传资源学报，2014,15(1):24-31Wang H P,Li X X,Shen D,Qiu Y,Song J P,Zhang X H,Philipp W.Simon. Evaluation on genetic diversity of garlic(Allium sativum L.)clones in China based on morphological characters.Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2014,15(1):24-31
[26]孔素萍，孙敬强，吴雄，杨妍妍，霍雨猛，徐坤.大蒜主要农艺性状变异特征及其与产量相关构成分析.中国农业科学，2015,48(6):1240-1248Kong S P,Sun J Q,Wu X,Yang Y Y,Huo Y M,Xu K.Analysis of relationship between variations of main agronomic traits and yield in garlic. Chinese Agricultural Sciences,2015,48(6):1240-1248
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