太湖锡澄地区TP和COD_(Mn)水环境容量的影响因素
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摘要
针对高度城市化的平原河网地区水环境容量影响因素的复杂性,以太湖流域锡澄地区为例,结合2005—2014年的水位、雨量、水质监测数据,采用基于设计流量控制的完全混合法,选择该地区水体污染因子具有较大研究价值的总磷(TP)和高锰酸盐指数(COD_(Mn))的水环境容量进行了计算和分析。结果表明:(1) TP水环境容量的季节性差异较为明显,呈现出秋季较高,冬季较低的特征;COD_(Mn)四季水环境容量总体上均满足水功能区划要求的水质目标,COD_(Mn)水环境容量的季节性差异不明显,夏、秋季略高于春季。(2)除时间因素外,引水量对水环境容量影响也较大,对典型河道锡澄运河,水环境容量变化趋势与其一致,引水量越大,TP和COD_(Mn)的水环境容量也越大,"引江济太"工程的启动对于改善平原河网的水质有一定作用。(3)根据各河流两种污染物的水环境容量在典型年份间的差异,北兴塘河和古运河对于磷的纳污能力明显低于对于有机物的容纳能力。因此,在夏、秋季节,对太湖流域TP和有机污染物的治理要进一步加强,可通过一些调水工程对水体中两种污染物的水环境容量进行调控,将有助于太湖流域的水质治理以及河道水环境容量的控制与分配。
In view of the complexity of the influencing factors of water environmental capacity in the highly urbanized plain river network area, taking Xicheng area of Taihu Lake Basin as an example, we calculated and analyzed the water environmental capacity of the total phosphorus(TP) and permanganate index(COD_(Mn)) by using the complete mixing method based on design flow control combined with the monitoring data of water level, rainfall and water quality data from 2005 to 2014. The results showed that:(1) the seasonal difference of TP water environmental capacity was obvious, showing higher level in autumn and lower level in winter; the water environmental capacity of COD_(Mn) in four seasons generally met the water quality objectives of water functional zoning requirements; the seasonal difference of COD_(Mn) water environmental capacity was not obvious, and it was slightly higher in summer and autumn than in spring;(2) in addition to time factors, the water diversion volume had a greater impact on water environmental capacity; for the typical Xicheng Area, the trend of water environmental capacity was the same to the water diversion volume; the larger the water diversion volume was, the larger the water environmental capacity of pollutants was; the start-up of the project of diversion from the Yangtze River to the Taihu Basin had a certain role in improving the water quality of the plain river network;(3) according to the differences of water environmental capacities of the two pollutants in different typical years, the phosphorus capacities of the Beixingtang River and the ancient canal were significantly lower than those of the organic pollutants.
In view of the complexity of the influencing factors of water environmental capacity in the highly urbanized plain river network area, taking Xicheng area of Taihu Lake Basin as an example, we calculated and analyzed the water environmental capacity of the total phosphorus(TP) and permanganate index(COD_(Mn)) by using the complete mixing method based on design flow control combined with the monitoring data of water level, rainfall and water quality data from 2005 to 2014. The results showed that:(1) the seasonal difference of TP water environmental capacity was obvious, showing higher level in autumn and lower level in winter; the water environmental capacity of COD_(Mn) in four seasons generally met the water quality objectives of water functional zoning requirements; the seasonal difference of COD_(Mn) water environmental capacity was not obvious, and it was slightly higher in summer and autumn than in spring;(2) in addition to time factors, the water diversion volume had a greater impact on water environmental capacity; for the typical Xicheng Area, the trend of water environmental capacity was the same to the water diversion volume; the larger the water diversion volume was, the larger the water environmental capacity of pollutants was; the start-up of the project of diversion from the Yangtze River to the Taihu Basin had a certain role in improving the water quality of the plain river network;(3) according to the differences of water environmental capacities of the two pollutants in different typical years, the phosphorus capacities of the Beixingtang River and the ancient canal were significantly lower than those of the organic pollutants.
引文
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[21] 吴时强,范子武,周杰,等.引江济太措施对望虞河西部污染物滞留和转移风险分析[J].中国工程科学,2011,13(1):102-108.
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[2] 王若冰,赵钰,单保庆,等.海河流域典型重污染河流滏阳河沉积物氨化和硝化速率研究[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(3):858-866.
[3] 焦雯珺,闵庆文,李文华,等.基于ESEF的水生态承载力评估:以太湖流域湖州市为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2016,25(1):147-155.
[4] 逄勇,陆桂华.水环境容量计算理论及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[5] 程声通,钱益春,张红举.太湖总磷、总氮宏观水环境容量的估算与应用[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(10):2848-2855.
[6] 董飞,刘晓波,彭文启,等.地表水水环境容量计算方法回顾与展望[J].水科学进展,2014,25(3):451-463.
[7] Deng Y,Lei K,Critto A,et al.Improving optimization efficiency for the total pollutant load allocation in large two-dimensional water areas:Bohai Sea(China)case study[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2016,114(1):269-276.
[8] Hassanin S A K.Evaluation of water quality of elnasr-3 main drain in egypt using qual2k model[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2013,40(33):10401-10409.
[9] Liu Y,Zhao J,Huang Y,et al.Water quality probability forecasting model based on Monte Carlo simulation[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2015,46(1):51-57.
[10] Gazzaz N M,Yusoff M K,Ramli M F,et al.Artificial neural network modeling of the water quality index using land use areas as predictors[J].Water Environment Research,2015,87(2):99-112.
[11] 李昆,王玲,李兆华,等.丰水期洪湖水质空间变异特征及驱动力分析[J].环境科学,2015,36(4):1285-1292.
[12] 陈玥,李一平,高小孟,等.山丘区水环境容量计算及限制排污总量分析:以临海市“五水共治”规划为例[J].水资源保护,2016,32(2):123-128.
[13] 冯利忠,裴国霞,吕欣格,等.“引黄入呼”取水口动态性水环境容量计算[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(10):3848-3855.
[14] 李,曾凡棠.河道型水库中谢才—曼宁公式的适用性研究[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(4):30-32.
[15] 冯帅,李叙勇,邓建才.太湖流域上游平原河网污染物综合衰减系数的测定[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(3):878-887.
[16] 吕忠贵,杨圆.浅析氮磷化肥的使用、利用及对农业生态环境污染[J].农业资源与环境学报,1997,14(3):30-34.
[17] 黄欢,汪小泉,韦肖杭,等.杭嘉湖地区淡水水产养殖污染物排放总量的研究[J].中国环境监测,2007,23(2):94-97.
[18] 夏星辉,许嘉琳,陆维德.利用日光能催化降解水体有机污染物研究进展[J].环境科学,1999(3):107-111.
[19] 张聃,钱蔚,潘向忠,等.京杭运河(杭州段)河网水质模拟[J].环境科学与技术,2010,33(4):39-41.
[20] 熊鸿斌,张斯思,匡武,等.基于MIKE 11模型的引江济淮工程涡河段动态水环境容量研究[J].自然资源学报,2017,32(8):1422-1432.
[21] 吴时强,范子武,周杰,等.引江济太措施对望虞河西部污染物滞留和转移风险分析[J].中国工程科学,2011,13(1):102-108.
[22] 张聃,周蔚,徐海岚,等.引配水对京杭运河杭州段水质的改善预测[J].水资源保护,2010,26(3):45-48.
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