顾及三维的大冶市建设用地扩张及其生态效应
|
摘要
三维地形起伏影响着广泛的景观生态格局、过程及其动态。利用遥感影像和DEM数据,基于地形起伏度和坡度将大冶市划分为平畈、缓丘、陡丘和低山4种地貌类型区域,考虑三维地形对生态系统服务功能的影响,建立了顾及三维的生态系统服务价值估算修正模型,同时引入3D景观格局指数来共同探讨建设用地扩张及其生态效应。结果表明:(1) 1995—2015年,大冶市建设用地扩张存在逐渐加速的趋势,平畈和缓丘区域扩张强烈,且边缘式扩张模式占有优势地位,而陡丘和低山区域扩张较为缓慢,且边缘式、填充式和飞地式扩张三足鼎立;(2) 1995—2015年,大冶市建设用地扩张带来的生态服务价值总损失为37 525.56万元,平畈和缓丘区域因占地多而总损失量大,但缓丘和低山区域单位建设用地扩张代价更高;(3)从1995年、2005年、2015年的3D景观格局指数变化看,大冶市建设用地扩张导致各地貌类型区域的景观破碎程度均持续增加,在平畈和缓丘区域,新增建设用地与原有建设用地的连通性在开始改善,但平畈区域的景观均衡性后期开始减弱,缓丘区域的景观均衡性则持续增强,陡丘和低山区域新增建设用地团聚程度低,林地的主导地位开始削弱。
Topographic fluctuations widely affect the patterns, processes and dynamics of landscape ecology. Based on remote sensing images and DEM data the topographic fluctuation and slope, Daye City was divided into four types of landform: flats, gentle hills, steep hills and low mountains. This paper considered the effects of three-dimensional terrain on ecosystem services from the topographic fluctuation and aspect, established a three-dimensional ecosystem service value estimation model, and introduced 3-D landscape pattern index to discuss the expansion of construction land and its ecological effects. The results show that:(1) from 1995 to 2015, the expansion of construction land in Daye City accelerated gradually, the expansion in flat and gentle hill areas was strong, and the extension mode occupied a dominant position, while the expansion in steep hills and low mountain areas was relatively slow, and the expansion, infilling and isolation modes show a three-pillar situation;(2) from 1995 to 2015, the total loss of ecological service value caused by the construction land expansion in Daye City was 375.256 million yuan, and the total loss in flat and gentle hill was large because of the large occupation of land, but the cost of unit occupation land in gentle hill and low mountain areas was higher;(3) from the change of 3-D landscape pattern index in 1995, 2005 and 2015, construction land expansion in Daye City hasd led to the continuous increase of landscape fragmentation in the whole region; in flat and gentle hills, the connectivity between new construction land and existing construction land was improving, but the landscape balance of flat began to weaken in the later stage, while the landscape balance of gentle hill continued to enhance; in steep hills and low mountain, the aggregation of new construction land was low, and the dominant position of forest land began to weaken.
Topographic fluctuations widely affect the patterns, processes and dynamics of landscape ecology. Based on remote sensing images and DEM data the topographic fluctuation and slope, Daye City was divided into four types of landform: flats, gentle hills, steep hills and low mountains. This paper considered the effects of three-dimensional terrain on ecosystem services from the topographic fluctuation and aspect, established a three-dimensional ecosystem service value estimation model, and introduced 3-D landscape pattern index to discuss the expansion of construction land and its ecological effects. The results show that:(1) from 1995 to 2015, the expansion of construction land in Daye City accelerated gradually, the expansion in flat and gentle hill areas was strong, and the extension mode occupied a dominant position, while the expansion in steep hills and low mountain areas was relatively slow, and the expansion, infilling and isolation modes show a three-pillar situation;(2) from 1995 to 2015, the total loss of ecological service value caused by the construction land expansion in Daye City was 375.256 million yuan, and the total loss in flat and gentle hill was large because of the large occupation of land, but the cost of unit occupation land in gentle hill and low mountain areas was higher;(3) from the change of 3-D landscape pattern index in 1995, 2005 and 2015, construction land expansion in Daye City hasd led to the continuous increase of landscape fragmentation in the whole region; in flat and gentle hills, the connectivity between new construction land and existing construction land was improving, but the landscape balance of flat began to weaken in the later stage, while the landscape balance of gentle hill continued to enhance; in steep hills and low mountain, the aggregation of new construction land was low, and the dominant position of forest land began to weaken.
引文
[1] 陈江龙,高金龙,徐梦月,等.南京大都市区建设用地扩张特征与机理[J].地理研究,2014,33(3):427-438.
[2] 张童,陈爽,李广宇,等.基于GWR的城市扩张下生物量损失与城市形态格局的关系研究[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(12):1891-1898.
[3] 武鹏飞,王茂军,张学霞.基于归一化建筑指数的北京市城市热岛效应分布特征[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(4):1325-1331.
[4] 中国科学院地理研究所.中国1:1000000地貌图制图规范(试行)[M].北京:科学出版社,1987:33.
[5] 《湖北农业地理编写组》.湖北农业地理[M].武汉:湖北人民出版社,1980:16-21.
[6] 郎玲玲,程维明,朱启疆,等.多尺度DEM提取地势起伏度的对比分析:以福建省低山丘陵区为例[J].地球信息科学,2007,9(6):1-6,136.
[7] 李志林,朱庆.数字高程模型[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2003:216-217.
[8] 武鹏飞,周德民,宫辉力.一种新的景观扩张指数的定义和实现[J].生态学报,2012,32(13):4270-4277.
[9] Costanza R,D′Arge R,De Groot R,et al.The value of the world′s ecosystem services and natural capital [J].World Environment,1997,387(6630):253-260.
[10] 谢高地,张彩霞,张昌顺,等.中国生态系统服务的价值[J].资源科学,2015,37(9):1940-1946.
[11] 陈万旭,李江风,姜卫,等.豫西山区土地利用变化对生态服务价值的影响[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(1):376-381.
[12] 程建,程久苗,吴九兴,等.2000—2010年长江流域土地利用变化与生态系统服务功能变化[J].长江流域资源与环境,2017,26(6):894-901.
[2] 张童,陈爽,李广宇,等.基于GWR的城市扩张下生物量损失与城市形态格局的关系研究[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(12):1891-1898.
[3] 武鹏飞,王茂军,张学霞.基于归一化建筑指数的北京市城市热岛效应分布特征[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(4):1325-1331.
[4] 中国科学院地理研究所.中国1:1000000地貌图制图规范(试行)[M].北京:科学出版社,1987:33.
[5] 《湖北农业地理编写组》.湖北农业地理[M].武汉:湖北人民出版社,1980:16-21.
[6] 郎玲玲,程维明,朱启疆,等.多尺度DEM提取地势起伏度的对比分析:以福建省低山丘陵区为例[J].地球信息科学,2007,9(6):1-6,136.
[7] 李志林,朱庆.数字高程模型[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2003:216-217.
[8] 武鹏飞,周德民,宫辉力.一种新的景观扩张指数的定义和实现[J].生态学报,2012,32(13):4270-4277.
[9] Costanza R,D′Arge R,De Groot R,et al.The value of the world′s ecosystem services and natural capital [J].World Environment,1997,387(6630):253-260.
[10] 谢高地,张彩霞,张昌顺,等.中国生态系统服务的价值[J].资源科学,2015,37(9):1940-1946.
[11] 陈万旭,李江风,姜卫,等.豫西山区土地利用变化对生态服务价值的影响[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(1):376-381.
[12] 程建,程久苗,吴九兴,等.2000—2010年长江流域土地利用变化与生态系统服务功能变化[J].长江流域资源与环境,2017,26(6):894-901.