大兴安岭地区生态系统完整性动态评价
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摘要
全球气候变化和人类干扰活动对陆地生态系统影响的强度和范围不断扩大,而在生态系统完整性评价研究中,针对中大尺度异质景观系统的评价方法较为缺乏.本研究从景观生态学的视角,基于大兴安岭地区2005、2010、2015年土地利用数据及植被净初级生产力数据,选择景观结构和景观稳定性两方面的指标,采用GIS数据处理和分析平台,综合评估大兴安岭地区景观变化特征和由这些指标表征的生态系统完整性动态.结果表明:大兴安岭地区是以林地为主导的森林生态系统,林地优势度稳定在64.9%,远高于优势度第二位的草地;大兴安岭地区景观多样性指数在3个时期均为0.59,占景观多样性指数最大值的42.4%,说明该地区景观阻抗稳定性未发生变化;从大兴安岭地区各景观生物量来看,耕地及住宅用地呈逐年增加趋势,林地逐年减少,说明人为干扰对大兴安岭地区的影响在增强.
The impacts of global climate change and human disturbance on terrestrial ecosystems has been expanding in intensity and scope. However, there is a lack of evaluation methods for large-scale heterogeneous landscape systems during ecosystem integrity assessment. From the perspective of landscape ecology, this study chose the indicators of landscape structure and landscape stability to comprehensively evaluate regional landscape change characteristics and ecosystem integrity dynamics of Greater Hinggan Mountains area using land use data and NPP data of 2005, 2010 and 2015 with GIS data processing and analysis platform. The results showed that Greater Hinggan Mountains area was dominated by forest land. The dominance degree of forest land was stable at 64.9%, which was much higher than the grassland that with the second dominance. The landscape diversity index was 0.59 in all three periods, accounting for 42.4% of the maximum value of landscape diversity index. Such a result indicated that the landscape resistance was stable in this area. From the view of landscape biomass, farmland and residential land had increased year by year, while forest area had decreased year by year, indicating that the effects of human disturbance on Greater Hinggan Mountains area were increasing.
The impacts of global climate change and human disturbance on terrestrial ecosystems has been expanding in intensity and scope. However, there is a lack of evaluation methods for large-scale heterogeneous landscape systems during ecosystem integrity assessment. From the perspective of landscape ecology, this study chose the indicators of landscape structure and landscape stability to comprehensively evaluate regional landscape change characteristics and ecosystem integrity dynamics of Greater Hinggan Mountains area using land use data and NPP data of 2005, 2010 and 2015 with GIS data processing and analysis platform. The results showed that Greater Hinggan Mountains area was dominated by forest land. The dominance degree of forest land was stable at 64.9%, which was much higher than the grassland that with the second dominance. The landscape diversity index was 0.59 in all three periods, accounting for 42.4% of the maximum value of landscape diversity index. Such a result indicated that the landscape resistance was stable in this area. From the view of landscape biomass, farmland and residential land had increased year by year, while forest area had decreased year by year, indicating that the effects of human disturbance on Greater Hinggan Mountains area were increasing.
引文
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[16] Cheng W-L (成文连),Liu G (刘钢),Zhi Q-W (智庆文),et al.Theory and practice of ecological integrity assessment.Environmental Science and Mana-gement (环境科学与管理),2010,35(4):162-165 (in Chinese)
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[19] Han A-H (韩爱慧).Study on Remote Sensing Monitoring Method of Forest Biomass and Carbon Storage.PhD Thesis.Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2009 (in Chinese)
[20] Li G-C (李贵才).Estimation of China’s Terrestrial Net Primary Productivity Based on MODIS Data and Light Energy Utilization Model.PhD Thesis.Beijing:Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2004 (in Chinese)
[21] Meng G-T (孟广涛),Luo J (罗洁),Wang H-B (王宏镔),et al.Application of landscape ecology principle in restoration of degraded forest ecosystem.Journal of Fujian Forestry Science and Technology (福建林业科技),2007,34(1):153-157 (in Chinese)
[22] Wang Y-H (汪永华).Advances in landscape ecology.Journal of Yangtze University (Natural Science) (长江大学学报:自然科学版),2005,2(8):79-83 (in Chinese)
[23] Wang R-H (王让会),Huang J-F (黄俊芳),Lin Y (林毅),et al.Oasis Landscape Pattern and Ecological Process.Beijing:Qinghua University Press,2010 (in Chinese)
[24] Zhang J-X (张金茜),Li H-Y (李红瑛),Cao E-J (曹二佳),et al.Assessment of ecological vulnerability in multi-scale and its spatial correlation:A case study of Bailongjiang Watershed in Gansu Province,China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2018,29(9):2897-2906 (in Chinese)
[25] Li Z (李桢),Liu M (刘淼),Xue Z-S (薛振山),et al.Landscape pattern change and simulation in the Sanjiang Plain based on the CLUE-S model.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2018,29(6):1805-1812 (in Chinese)
[26] ?ímová P,Gdulová K.Landscape indices behavior:A review of scale effects.Applied Geography,2012,5:385-394
[2] Xiao D-N (肖笃宁),Bu R-C (布仁仓),Li X-Z (李秀珍).Ecological space theory and landscape heterogeneity.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),1997,17(5):453-461 (in Chinese)
[3] Dong C-F (董翠芳).Multiscale Analysis of the Impact of Landscape Heterogeneity on Plant Diversity:A Case Study of Gongyi City.Master Thesis.Kaifeng:Henan University,2014 (in Chinese)
[4] Guo L-J (郭丽娟).Research progress of landscape ecology in China.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,(安徽农业科学),2010,38(27):15280-15281 (in Chinese)
[5] Yang Z-H (杨振海).Landscape pattern analysis of natu-ral grassland in Hainan based on Fragstats software and TM images.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences (安徽农业科学),2012,40(11):6664-6675 (in Chinese)
[6] Wang Y-L (王仰麟).Theoretical analysis of landscape ecosystem and its elements.Human Geography (人文地理),1997,7(1):1-5 (in Chinese)
[7] Shao H (邵红),Zhang G-X (张广兴).Concept and application of ecological integrity assessment.Environmental Protection and Circular Economy (环境保护与循环经济),2016(10):44-48 (in Chinese)
[8] Qi X (齐新).Remote Sensing Evaluation of Ecological Integrity in Changbai Mountain Area.Master Thesis.Changchun:Northeast Normal University,2010 (in Chinese)
[9] Li X (李鑫),Tian W (田卫).Dynamic assessment of ecological integrity based on landscape pattern index.Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院研究生院学报),2012,29(6):780-785 (in Chinese)
[10] Fu B-J (傅伯杰),Chen L-D (陈利顶).Principles and Applications of Landscape Ecology.2nd Ed.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2011 (in Chinese)
[11] Ren P (任平),Hong B-T (洪步庭),Cheng W-X (程武学),et al.Stability evaluation and spatial diffe-rentiation of forest ecosystem in the upper reaches of Yangtze River.Geographical Research (地理研究),2013,32(6):1017-1024 (in Chinese)
[12] Qi Y-J (戚玉娇).Remote Sensing Estimation and Analysis of Aboveground Carbon Storage in Greater Khingan Range Forest.PhD Thesis.Harbin:Northeast Forestry University,2014 (in Chinese)
[13] Liu Z-X (刘正显),Li G-C (李国春),Luo L (罗琳),et al.Estimation and dynamic analysis of net primary productivity of vegetation in Greater Khingan Range.Forest Engineering (森林工程),2015,31(2):61-70 (in Chinese)
[14] Hong S (洪松).Study on the Legal System of Ecologi-cal Compensation in Greater Khingan Range Ecological Function Area.Master Thesis.Harbin:Northeast Forestry University,2014 (in Chinese)
[15] Zhao X-Y (赵希勇),Wu G-C (吴国春),Cai T-J (蔡体久),et al.Scientific and technological problems and countermeasures in the construction of ecological function areas in Greater Khingan Range.China Forestry Economics (中国林业经济),2010(6):4-8 (in Chinese)
[16] Cheng W-L (成文连),Liu G (刘钢),Zhi Q-W (智庆文),et al.Theory and practice of ecological integrity assessment.Environmental Science and Mana-gement (环境科学与管理),2010,35(4):162-165 (in Chinese)
[17] Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China (中华人民共和国生态环境部).Environmental Impact Assessment Technical Guidelines on Ecological Impact (HJ19-2011).Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2011 (in Chinese)
[18] Liu S-M (刘树明).Vegetation Survey and Ecological Assessment Supported by 3S Technology and Landscape Ecology:Taking Baiyun Pumped Storage Hydropower Station in Yongtai,Fujian Province as an Example.Master Thesis.Fuzhou:Fujian Normal University,2012 (in Chinese)
[19] Han A-H (韩爱慧).Study on Remote Sensing Monitoring Method of Forest Biomass and Carbon Storage.PhD Thesis.Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2009 (in Chinese)
[20] Li G-C (李贵才).Estimation of China’s Terrestrial Net Primary Productivity Based on MODIS Data and Light Energy Utilization Model.PhD Thesis.Beijing:Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2004 (in Chinese)
[21] Meng G-T (孟广涛),Luo J (罗洁),Wang H-B (王宏镔),et al.Application of landscape ecology principle in restoration of degraded forest ecosystem.Journal of Fujian Forestry Science and Technology (福建林业科技),2007,34(1):153-157 (in Chinese)
[22] Wang Y-H (汪永华).Advances in landscape ecology.Journal of Yangtze University (Natural Science) (长江大学学报:自然科学版),2005,2(8):79-83 (in Chinese)
[23] Wang R-H (王让会),Huang J-F (黄俊芳),Lin Y (林毅),et al.Oasis Landscape Pattern and Ecological Process.Beijing:Qinghua University Press,2010 (in Chinese)
[24] Zhang J-X (张金茜),Li H-Y (李红瑛),Cao E-J (曹二佳),et al.Assessment of ecological vulnerability in multi-scale and its spatial correlation:A case study of Bailongjiang Watershed in Gansu Province,China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2018,29(9):2897-2906 (in Chinese)
[25] Li Z (李桢),Liu M (刘淼),Xue Z-S (薛振山),et al.Landscape pattern change and simulation in the Sanjiang Plain based on the CLUE-S model.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2018,29(6):1805-1812 (in Chinese)
[26] ?ímová P,Gdulová K.Landscape indices behavior:A review of scale effects.Applied Geography,2012,5:385-394