环湖北岸牧草返青对水热条件的响应
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摘要
为了研究环湖北岸牧草返青对水热条件的响应关系,利用海晏县气象局1997～2018年3月、4月的气温、降水数据和海北牧业气象试验站的牧草返青期观测数据。采用一元线性回归法、数理统计法和相关性分析等,分析海晏县优势牧草返青对气候变化的响应。结果表明(1)不同种类天然牧草对气象因子敏感性差异明显;牧草返青的早晚与前一个月的气温相关。(2)海晏县6种优势牧草与3月份的气温、降水成负相关,气温越高降水越多,返青越早;气温越低降水越少,返青越迟。(3)海晏县6种优势牧草都随年份的增长,返青期也随之推迟,其中冷地早熟禾(Poa crymophila)推迟速度最快,以每年0.6656d的速度在推迟;猪毛蒿(Artemisia scoparia)次之,以每年0.4771d的速度推迟。(4)由于西北针茅(Stipa.krylovii)和斜茎黄芪(Astragalus laxmannii)对温度和降雨量的敏感程度不同,从而出现西北针茅返青早、斜茎黄芪返青晚的现象。(5)通过相关性分析,对矮生嵩草(Kobresia humilis)返青早晚影响最大的是4月份气温;对冷地早熟禾返青早晚影响最大的是3月份的降水;对溚草(Koeleria cristata)返青迟早影响最大的是4月份降水;对西北针茅返青期影响最大的是3月份气温,3月份降水次之;对猪毛蒿返青影响最大的是4月份气温,3月份降水次之;对斜茎黄芪影响最大的是4月份气温。
In order to study the response relationship of grass regreening to hydrothermal conditions on the northern bank of the Qinghai lake, the temperature and precipitation data of Haiyan county meteorological bureau from 1997 to 2018 in March and April, and the observed data of grass regreening period were used. Univariate linear regression, mathematical statistics and correlation analysis were used to analyze the response of the dominant herbage to climate change in Haiyan county. The results showed that the sensitivity of different kinds of natural herbage to meteorological factors was significantly different. The temperature of the previous month was correlated with the regreening of grass. The six dominant herbage species in Haiyan county were negatively correlated with the temperature and precipitation in March. The lower the temperature, the less the precipitation, the later the grass regreening. With the growth of the six dominant herbage species in Haiyan county, the green returning period was also delayed. Among them, Poa crymophila cv Qinghai delayed the fastest at the rate of 0.6656 days per year, and the Artemisia scoparia Waldst. et Kit delayed at the rate of 0.4771 days per year. Due to the different degrees of sensitivity to temperature and rainfall of Astragalus laxmannii and Stipa sareptana var.krylovii, present early regeneration of Stipa sareptana var.krylovii and late regreening of Stipa sareptana var.krylovii. Through correlation analysis, the temperature in April had the greatest influence on the regreening of Kobresia humilis. The precipitation in March had the greatest influence on the regreening of Poa crymophila cv Qinghai. The precipitation in April had largest effect on the regreening of Koeleria cristata. The temperature in March had the greatest influence on the regreening of Kobresia humilis The temperature in April had the greatest influence on the rejuvenation of artemisia pilosa, followed by the precipitation in March. The temperature in April has the greatest influence on Astragalus laxmannii.
In order to study the response relationship of grass regreening to hydrothermal conditions on the northern bank of the Qinghai lake, the temperature and precipitation data of Haiyan county meteorological bureau from 1997 to 2018 in March and April, and the observed data of grass regreening period were used. Univariate linear regression, mathematical statistics and correlation analysis were used to analyze the response of the dominant herbage to climate change in Haiyan county. The results showed that the sensitivity of different kinds of natural herbage to meteorological factors was significantly different. The temperature of the previous month was correlated with the regreening of grass. The six dominant herbage species in Haiyan county were negatively correlated with the temperature and precipitation in March. The lower the temperature, the less the precipitation, the later the grass regreening. With the growth of the six dominant herbage species in Haiyan county, the green returning period was also delayed. Among them, Poa crymophila cv Qinghai delayed the fastest at the rate of 0.6656 days per year, and the Artemisia scoparia Waldst. et Kit delayed at the rate of 0.4771 days per year. Due to the different degrees of sensitivity to temperature and rainfall of Astragalus laxmannii and Stipa sareptana var.krylovii, present early regeneration of Stipa sareptana var.krylovii and late regreening of Stipa sareptana var.krylovii. Through correlation analysis, the temperature in April had the greatest influence on the regreening of Kobresia humilis. The precipitation in March had the greatest influence on the regreening of Poa crymophila cv Qinghai. The precipitation in April had largest effect on the regreening of Koeleria cristata. The temperature in March had the greatest influence on the regreening of Kobresia humilis The temperature in April had the greatest influence on the rejuvenation of artemisia pilosa, followed by the precipitation in March. The temperature in April has the greatest influence on Astragalus laxmannii.
引文
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[2]刘宝康.气候变化背景下青海湖流域草地与湖泊时空变化特征研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2016.
[3]汪青春.牧草生长发育与气象条件的关系及气候年景研究[J].中国农业气象,1998(03):2～8.
[4]买买提·阿布来提,赵玲,阿不都沙拉木,等.天山北坡中山带天然牧草生长发育与气象条件的关系研究[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2017,38(06):48～56.
[5]吴让,韩炳宏,韩通,等.青海省兴海县天然草地牧草生长发育与气候条件的关系[J].草业科学,2017,34(10):1991～1998.
[6]赵恒和,郭连云,赵年武.高寒草地西北针茅生长发育特征及与气象因子的关系[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011,25(11):187～192.
[7]李夏子.气候变化对内蒙古草原优势牧草生长发育的影响[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2014.
[8]康晓甫.青海湖北岸草甸化草原几种优势植物种群特征与气候因子的关系[D].西宁:青海大学,2010.
[9]刘玉华.紫花苜蓿生长发育及产量形成与气象条件关系的研究[D].扬陵:西北农林科技大学,2006.
[10]郭剑.草原植被返青期的遥感监测及其与气象因子的关系研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2016.