四溴双酚A对日本虎斑猛水蚤生殖的影响
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摘要
为探讨四溴双酚A(TBBPA)对海洋桡足类的毒性效应,本文运用实验生态学方法及组织切片和透射电子显微镜技术,从个体、组织和细胞三个层次研究了TBBPA对日本虎斑猛水蚤(Tigriopus japonicus)生殖的影响。结果显示:经不同浓度TBBPA单世代暴露后,221.15、442.30μg·L~(-1) TBBPA组日本虎斑猛水蚤的首次抱卵时间显著延长、性别比显著升高;自首次抱卵时间开始10d内,各浓度组卵囊发育时间和抱卵次数均未受到显著影响,低浓度组雌体产卵量显著升高。此外,经TBBPA暴露后,各浓度组日本虎斑猛水蚤卵巢组织形态良好未发生明显病变。低浓度组卵母细胞的超微结构良好,而221.15、442.30μg·L~(-1) TBBPA组卵母细胞的部分超微结构发生明显改变,如内线粒体内嵴溶解,卵黄膜溶解、卵黄颗粒变形等现象,且随TBBPA浓度升高,超微结构受损程度呈递增趋势。研究表明:TBBPA不仅在个体水平对日本虎斑猛水蚤的生殖造成影响,还在细胞水平显著改变日本虎斑猛水蚤卵母细胞的超微结构,具有显著的毒性效应。
To explore the toxic effects of TBBPA on marine copepods,the model copepod species Tigriopus japonicus was assessed.The adverse effects on reproduction parameters were demonstrated,also the histological structure of ovary and the ultrastructure of oocytes were observed.Experimental ecology method,histological method and transmission electron microscopy technology were applied respectively.The results showed that the time for first spawning has been delayed,but the fecundity and the sex ratio of females have been enhanced.All parameters about are affected significantly,but different concentrations of TBBPA can not cause significant impacts on oocyst development time and clutches' number,over 10 days.In terms of organization tissue,within the exposure of TBBPA,there are no histological changes on ovary of T.japonicus were observed.However,we found that the elevated cTBBPAcould do harmful effects on the ultrastructure of oocystes,and induced the apoptosis of copepod.In the oocyte,the proportion of damaged mitochondria and yolk granules increased with the cTBBPAincreasing.The mitochondria became vesiculation,even disintegrated,in addition,the development of yolk granules had been inhibited.All this indicated that TBBPA induced significantly toxic effects on T.japonicus,not only on the level of individual reproduction but also on the level of cytomorphology.Our results will provide valuable information for assessing the potential ecological risks caused by TBBPA.
To explore the toxic effects of TBBPA on marine copepods,the model copepod species Tigriopus japonicus was assessed.The adverse effects on reproduction parameters were demonstrated,also the histological structure of ovary and the ultrastructure of oocytes were observed.Experimental ecology method,histological method and transmission electron microscopy technology were applied respectively.The results showed that the time for first spawning has been delayed,but the fecundity and the sex ratio of females have been enhanced.All parameters about are affected significantly,but different concentrations of TBBPA can not cause significant impacts on oocyst development time and clutches' number,over 10 days.In terms of organization tissue,within the exposure of TBBPA,there are no histological changes on ovary of T.japonicus were observed.However,we found that the elevated cTBBPAcould do harmful effects on the ultrastructure of oocystes,and induced the apoptosis of copepod.In the oocyte,the proportion of damaged mitochondria and yolk granules increased with the cTBBPAincreasing.The mitochondria became vesiculation,even disintegrated,in addition,the development of yolk granules had been inhibited.All this indicated that TBBPA induced significantly toxic effects on T.japonicus,not only on the level of individual reproduction but also on the level of cytomorphology.Our results will provide valuable information for assessing the potential ecological risks caused by TBBPA.
引文
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[6]Brower V.Carcinogenicity of some industrial chemicals[J].Retour Au Numéro,2016,17:419-420.
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[8]Abdel-Dayem M M,Elgendy M S.Effects of chronic estradiol treatment on the thyroid gland structure and function of ovariectomized rats[J].Bmc Research Notes,2009,2(1):1-7.
[9]Strack S,Detzel T,Wahl M,et al.Cytotoxicity of TBBPA and effects on proliferation,cellcycle and MAPK pathways in mammalian cells[J].Chemosphere,2007,67(9):405-411.
[10]Sun Y,Guo H,Yu H,et al.Bioaccumulation and physiological effects of tetrabromobisphenol A in coontail Ceratophyllum demersum L[J].Chemosphere,2008,70(10):1787-1795.
[11]陈海,孙云娜,魏东洋.溴代阻燃剂的环境危害[J].广东化工,2011,38(8):91-92.Chen H,Sun Y N,Wei D Y.Bromination flame retardants environmental damage[J].Guangdong Chemical Industry,2011,38(8):91-92.
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[15]Marcial H S,Hagiwara A,Snell T W.Estrogenic compounds affect development of harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus japonicus[J].Environmental Toxicology&Chemistry,2003,22(12):3025-3030.
[16]Lee K W,Raisuddin S,Hwang D S,et al.Two-generation toxicity study on the copepod model species Tigriopus japonicus[J].Chemosphere,2008,72(9):1359-1365.
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[19]Michael B F,Hans G D,David E A,et al.Sex-specific tolerance to starvation in the copepod Acartiatonsa[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2013,446:17-21.
[20]Ylenia C,Adrianna I,Antonio M.Maternal and neonate diatom diets impair development and sex differentiation in the copepod Temorastylifera[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2011,396:99-107.
[21]汤保华.三种新型杀菌剂对水生蚤类动物影响的初步研究[D].新疆:新疆农业大学,2005.Tang B H.The Effect of Three New Fungicides on Aquatic Daphnids[D].Xinjiang:Xinjiang Agricultural University,2005.
[22]Guo F,Wang L,Wang W X.Acute and chronic toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyl 126to Tigriopus japonicus:Effects on survival,growth,reproduction,and in trinsic rate of population growth[J].Environmental Toxicology&Chemistry,2012,31(3):639-645.
[23]Walthall W K,Stark J D.A comparison of acute mortality and population growth rate as endpoints of toxicological effect[J].Ecotoxicol Environ Saf,1997,37(1):45-52.
[24]Michalek-Wagner K,Willis B L.Impacts of bleaching on the soft coral Lobophytum compactum.I.Fecundity,fertilization and offspring viability[J].Coral Reefs,2001,19(3):231-239.
[25]林汝榕,李少菁.铜、镉对中华哲水蚤氨基酸含量影响的实验研究[J].海洋与湖沼,1991,22(3):242-248.Lin R R,Li S J.An experimental study of effects of copper and cadmium on amino acid contents in a copepod Calanus sinicus brodsky[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,1991,22(3):242-248.
[26]Andersen H R,Hallingsrensen B,Kusk K O.A parameter for detecting estrogenic exposure in the copepod Acartia tonsa[J].Ecotoxicology&Environmental Safety,1999,44(1):56-61.
[27]王清.几种重金属和有机污染物对文蛤Meretrix meretrix生态毒理效应的研究[D].青岛:中国科学院研究生院,2010.Wang Q.Ecotoxicological Effects of Several Heavy Metals and Organic Pollutants on the Hard Clam Meretrixmeretrix[D].Qingdao:Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2010.
[28]Burkard T,Triantafyllos A A,Thierry D,et al.Effects of methyltestosterone,letrozole,triphenyltin and fenarimolon histology of reproductive organs of the copepod Acartia tonsa[J].Chemosphere,2013,92(5):544-554.
[29]陈玛丽.四溴双酚-A对鱼类的毒性效应[D].上海:华东师范大学,2008.Chen M L.Toxic Effects of Tetrabromobisphebol-A(TBBPA)on Fish[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2008.
[30]杨苏文,徐范范,赵明东.四溴双酚A在鲫鱼不同器官中的分布、富集及病理研究[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(4):741-747.Yang S W,Xu F F,Zhao M D.Distribution and bioaccumulation of tetrabromobisphenol-A in Carassius auratus tissues and its pathological effect[J].China Environmental Science,2013,33(4):741-747.
[31]张达娟,李少菁,王桂忠,等.二氧化碳酸化对两种桡足类肌肉和卵母细胞超微结构的影响[J].海洋学报,2012,34(3):127-133.Zhang D J,Li S J,Wang G Z,et al.Impacts of CO2driven acidified seawater on the muscle and oocyte ultrastructure of two marine copepods[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2012,34(3):127-133.
[32]朱冬发,王桂忠,李少菁.东方扁虾卵子发生的超微结构[J].水生生物学报,2006,30(4):339-445.Zhu D F,Wang G Z,Li S J.Ultrastructure of oogenesis in Thenus orientalis[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2006,30(4):339-445.
[33]李嘉尧.红鳌光壳鳌虾(Cherax quadricarinatus)卵黄发生的研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2008.Li J Y.Studies on Vitellogenesis of Cherax quadricarinatus[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2008.
[34]Oluseye O A,Lai P F,Connolly T J,et al.Tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA),induces cell death in TM4Sertoli cells by modulating Ca2+transport proteins and causing dysregulation of Ca2+homeostasis[J].Toxicology in Vitro,2008,22(4):943-952.
[35]向明灯,李良忠,玉琳,等.四溴双酚A对HepG2细胞线粒体膜电位及凋亡的影响[J].环境卫生学杂志,2015(1):6-9.Xiang D M,Li L Z,Yu L,et al.Effect of tetrabromobisphenol-Aon mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis of Hep G2cells[J].Journal of Environmental Hygiene,2015(1):6-9.
[36]孙丰超.葛根素和山核桃叶总黄酮对诱导斑马鱼胚胎发育毒性的保护作用及其机制的研究[D].浙江:浙江中医药大学,2013.Sun F C.Protective Effects and Mechanism of Puerarin and Flavonoids in Hickory Leaf Against Tetrabromobisphenol-A-induced Developmental Toxicity in Zebrafish Embryos[D].Zhejiang:Zhejiang Chinese Medical University,2013.
[37]Channy P,Se-Jin k,Won K L,et al.Tetrabromobisphenol-A induces apoptotic death of auditory cells and hearing loss[J].Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,2016,478(4):1667-1673.
[2]Abouelwafa A M.Environmental occurrence,analysis and human exposure to the flame retardant tetrabromobisphenol-A(TBBP-A)-A review[J].Environment International,2016,94:235.
[3]De B J.Levels and trends of brominated flame retardants in the European environment[J].Chemosphere,2006,64(2):209.
[4]De Wit C A,Herzke D,Vorkamp K.Brominated flame retardants in the Arctic environment-trends and new candidates[J].Science of The Total Environment,2010,408(15):2885-2918.
[5]Abdallah M A.Analytical and environmental aspects of the flame retardant tetrabromobisphenol-A and its derivatives[J].Journal of Chromatography A,2009,1216(3):346-363.
[6]Brower V.Carcinogenicity of some industrial chemicals[J].Retour Au Numéro,2016,17:419-420.
[7]Kuiper R V,Brandhof E J V D,Leonards P E G,et al.Toxicity of tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA)in zebrafish(Danio rerio)in a partial life-cycle test[J].Archives of Toxicology,2007,81(1):1-9.
[8]Abdel-Dayem M M,Elgendy M S.Effects of chronic estradiol treatment on the thyroid gland structure and function of ovariectomized rats[J].Bmc Research Notes,2009,2(1):1-7.
[9]Strack S,Detzel T,Wahl M,et al.Cytotoxicity of TBBPA and effects on proliferation,cellcycle and MAPK pathways in mammalian cells[J].Chemosphere,2007,67(9):405-411.
[10]Sun Y,Guo H,Yu H,et al.Bioaccumulation and physiological effects of tetrabromobisphenol A in coontail Ceratophyllum demersum L[J].Chemosphere,2008,70(10):1787-1795.
[11]陈海,孙云娜,魏东洋.溴代阻燃剂的环境危害[J].广东化工,2011,38(8):91-92.Chen H,Sun Y N,Wei D Y.Bromination flame retardants environmental damage[J].Guangdong Chemical Industry,2011,38(8):91-92.
[12]李飞.海水酸化对日本虎斑猛水蚤发育、繁殖、摄食以及ATP酶活性的多世代影响效应[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2017.Li F.The Multi-generational Effects of Ocean Acidification on Development,Reproduction,Ingestion Rate and ATPase Activity of Tigriopus japonicus[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2017.
[13]巩文静.四溴双酚A(TBBPA)对河口常见桡足类的毒性效应及其在中国北方海域的污染分布情况[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2016.Gong W J.The Toxic Effects of Tetrabromobisphenol A(TBB-PA)to Estuarine Common Copepods and Its Environmental Distribution in the North China Sea[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2016.
[14]刘树苗.四溴双酚A对中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)摄食、代谢及抗氧化系统的影响[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2012.Liu S M.The Effects of Tetrabromobisphenol A on Ingestion,Etabolism and Antioxidant Defense System of Calanus sinicus[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2012.
[15]Marcial H S,Hagiwara A,Snell T W.Estrogenic compounds affect development of harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus japonicus[J].Environmental Toxicology&Chemistry,2003,22(12):3025-3030.
[16]Lee K W,Raisuddin S,Hwang D S,et al.Two-generation toxicity study on the copepod model species Tigriopus japonicus[J].Chemosphere,2008,72(9):1359-1365.
[17]孟琛.3种海洋桡足类对UV-B辐射增强的响应研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2007.Meng C.Biological Responses of Three Marine Copepods to UV-B Radiation Enhancement[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2007.
[18]李扬.UV-B辐射增强对两种海洋桡足类影响效应的初步研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2006.Li Y.Effects of Enhanced UV-B Radiation on Two Spieces of Marine Copepoda[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2006.
[19]Michael B F,Hans G D,David E A,et al.Sex-specific tolerance to starvation in the copepod Acartiatonsa[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2013,446:17-21.
[20]Ylenia C,Adrianna I,Antonio M.Maternal and neonate diatom diets impair development and sex differentiation in the copepod Temorastylifera[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2011,396:99-107.
[21]汤保华.三种新型杀菌剂对水生蚤类动物影响的初步研究[D].新疆:新疆农业大学,2005.Tang B H.The Effect of Three New Fungicides on Aquatic Daphnids[D].Xinjiang:Xinjiang Agricultural University,2005.
[22]Guo F,Wang L,Wang W X.Acute and chronic toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyl 126to Tigriopus japonicus:Effects on survival,growth,reproduction,and in trinsic rate of population growth[J].Environmental Toxicology&Chemistry,2012,31(3):639-645.
[23]Walthall W K,Stark J D.A comparison of acute mortality and population growth rate as endpoints of toxicological effect[J].Ecotoxicol Environ Saf,1997,37(1):45-52.
[24]Michalek-Wagner K,Willis B L.Impacts of bleaching on the soft coral Lobophytum compactum.I.Fecundity,fertilization and offspring viability[J].Coral Reefs,2001,19(3):231-239.
[25]林汝榕,李少菁.铜、镉对中华哲水蚤氨基酸含量影响的实验研究[J].海洋与湖沼,1991,22(3):242-248.Lin R R,Li S J.An experimental study of effects of copper and cadmium on amino acid contents in a copepod Calanus sinicus brodsky[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,1991,22(3):242-248.
[26]Andersen H R,Hallingsrensen B,Kusk K O.A parameter for detecting estrogenic exposure in the copepod Acartia tonsa[J].Ecotoxicology&Environmental Safety,1999,44(1):56-61.
[27]王清.几种重金属和有机污染物对文蛤Meretrix meretrix生态毒理效应的研究[D].青岛:中国科学院研究生院,2010.Wang Q.Ecotoxicological Effects of Several Heavy Metals and Organic Pollutants on the Hard Clam Meretrixmeretrix[D].Qingdao:Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2010.
[28]Burkard T,Triantafyllos A A,Thierry D,et al.Effects of methyltestosterone,letrozole,triphenyltin and fenarimolon histology of reproductive organs of the copepod Acartia tonsa[J].Chemosphere,2013,92(5):544-554.
[29]陈玛丽.四溴双酚-A对鱼类的毒性效应[D].上海:华东师范大学,2008.Chen M L.Toxic Effects of Tetrabromobisphebol-A(TBBPA)on Fish[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2008.
[30]杨苏文,徐范范,赵明东.四溴双酚A在鲫鱼不同器官中的分布、富集及病理研究[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(4):741-747.Yang S W,Xu F F,Zhao M D.Distribution and bioaccumulation of tetrabromobisphenol-A in Carassius auratus tissues and its pathological effect[J].China Environmental Science,2013,33(4):741-747.
[31]张达娟,李少菁,王桂忠,等.二氧化碳酸化对两种桡足类肌肉和卵母细胞超微结构的影响[J].海洋学报,2012,34(3):127-133.Zhang D J,Li S J,Wang G Z,et al.Impacts of CO2driven acidified seawater on the muscle and oocyte ultrastructure of two marine copepods[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2012,34(3):127-133.
[32]朱冬发,王桂忠,李少菁.东方扁虾卵子发生的超微结构[J].水生生物学报,2006,30(4):339-445.Zhu D F,Wang G Z,Li S J.Ultrastructure of oogenesis in Thenus orientalis[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2006,30(4):339-445.
[33]李嘉尧.红鳌光壳鳌虾(Cherax quadricarinatus)卵黄发生的研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2008.Li J Y.Studies on Vitellogenesis of Cherax quadricarinatus[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2008.
[34]Oluseye O A,Lai P F,Connolly T J,et al.Tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA),induces cell death in TM4Sertoli cells by modulating Ca2+transport proteins and causing dysregulation of Ca2+homeostasis[J].Toxicology in Vitro,2008,22(4):943-952.
[35]向明灯,李良忠,玉琳,等.四溴双酚A对HepG2细胞线粒体膜电位及凋亡的影响[J].环境卫生学杂志,2015(1):6-9.Xiang D M,Li L Z,Yu L,et al.Effect of tetrabromobisphenol-Aon mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis of Hep G2cells[J].Journal of Environmental Hygiene,2015(1):6-9.
[36]孙丰超.葛根素和山核桃叶总黄酮对诱导斑马鱼胚胎发育毒性的保护作用及其机制的研究[D].浙江:浙江中医药大学,2013.Sun F C.Protective Effects and Mechanism of Puerarin and Flavonoids in Hickory Leaf Against Tetrabromobisphenol-A-induced Developmental Toxicity in Zebrafish Embryos[D].Zhejiang:Zhejiang Chinese Medical University,2013.
[37]Channy P,Se-Jin k,Won K L,et al.Tetrabromobisphenol-A induces apoptotic death of auditory cells and hearing loss[J].Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,2016,478(4):1667-1673.