1981—2010年东海及毗邻的西北太平洋表层盐度的气候态分布特征
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摘要
使用SODA表层盐度月平均数据,通过计算逐点逐年盐度均值、月际差,绘制等值线分布图,分析在新的30年气候基准期(1981—2010年),东海及毗邻的西北太平洋海域表层盐度场气候态分布特征,为进一步研究该地区长时间序列的气候变化奠定基础。结果表明:(1)在研究区表层平均盐度从西北到东南逐渐升高,形成3个明显的盐度特征场区:东海大陆架海区、东海黑潮海区以及西北太平洋海区;(2)研究区月际表层盐度存在明显的周期性变化,其中,盐度最小值的周期性规律最显著;(3)在月际变化中,1—4月为盐度高值季节,以3月份盐度最高,为27.5psu;5—8月为盐度低值季节,以8月份盐度最低,为22psu;9—12月为盐度上升季节;(4)依据盐度场的分布,结合地形、气候、海流等特征和前人研究,在研究区选取了22个特征点,从特征点看,位于西北太平洋海区的特征点盐度月振幅最小;位于长江入海口附近的D1和位于杭州湾南部的D2盐度月振幅较大,但D1与D2月际变化曲线呈现较为明显的反相关特征,这可能与长江冲淡水水舌夏季北移抑制苏北沿岸流南下和北上的台湾暖流夏强冬弱有关。
Counter maps of the East China Sea and the adjacent northwest Pacific Ocean are compiled and analyzed based on the annual mean data,monthly average data,monthly difference and inter-monthly difference data of SODA surface salinity for the past 30-year climate reference period(1981-2010).The climatic distribution patterns of the surface salinity field in the Pacific Ocean have provided a solid foundation for further study of the long-term climate changes in the region.As it is observed that:(1)The average surface salinity in the study area gradually increase from northwest to southeast,with three distinct salinity subareas:the area of the East China Sea continental shelf,the part of East China Sea where the Kuroshio current passes through and the area of Northwest Pacific Ocean;(2)There is a significant cyclical change in the salinity of surface water in the study area,among which the periodicity of the minimum salinity is the most significant;(3)In terms of monthly changes,high salinity appears in January-April,with a highest of 27.5 psu in March,while the low salinity in MayAugust,with a lowest of 22 psu in August,;The season from Sept-Dec is the period of salinity rising;(4)According to the salinity distribution patterns and their relation with topography,climate and sea currents,22 points for reference are selected.The lowest reference points of monthly salinity mostly occur in the northwestern Pacific Ocean;Highest amplitude is observed at D1 near the Yangtze River estuary and D2 in the south of Hangzhou Bay.However,the monthly correlation curves at D1 and D2 are obviously opposite,probably caused by the northward shifting of dilute water of the Yangtze River in summer,when the southward flow of the north Jiangsu coast current is inhibited by the Taiwan warm current,which is strong in summer and weak in winter.
Counter maps of the East China Sea and the adjacent northwest Pacific Ocean are compiled and analyzed based on the annual mean data,monthly average data,monthly difference and inter-monthly difference data of SODA surface salinity for the past 30-year climate reference period(1981-2010).The climatic distribution patterns of the surface salinity field in the Pacific Ocean have provided a solid foundation for further study of the long-term climate changes in the region.As it is observed that:(1)The average surface salinity in the study area gradually increase from northwest to southeast,with three distinct salinity subareas:the area of the East China Sea continental shelf,the part of East China Sea where the Kuroshio current passes through and the area of Northwest Pacific Ocean;(2)There is a significant cyclical change in the salinity of surface water in the study area,among which the periodicity of the minimum salinity is the most significant;(3)In terms of monthly changes,high salinity appears in January-April,with a highest of 27.5 psu in March,while the low salinity in MayAugust,with a lowest of 22 psu in August,;The season from Sept-Dec is the period of salinity rising;(4)According to the salinity distribution patterns and their relation with topography,climate and sea currents,22 points for reference are selected.The lowest reference points of monthly salinity mostly occur in the northwestern Pacific Ocean;Highest amplitude is observed at D1 near the Yangtze River estuary and D2 in the south of Hangzhou Bay.However,the monthly correlation curves at D1 and D2 are obviously opposite,probably caused by the northward shifting of dilute water of the Yangtze River in summer,when the southward flow of the north Jiangsu coast current is inhibited by the Taiwan warm current,which is strong in summer and weak in winter.
引文
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[19]Amante C,Eakins B W.ETOPO1 1arc-minute global relief model:Procedures,data sources and analysis[J].Psychologist,2009,16(3):20-25.
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[22]欧素英.珠江口冲淡水扩展变化及机制研究[J].中科院机构知识库,2005.[OU Suying.Research on the change and mechanism of diluted water expansion in the Pearl River estuary[J].The Institutional Knowledge Base of the Chinese A-cademy of Sciences,2005]
[23]乔方利.中国区域海洋学.物理海洋学[M].海洋出版社,2012:251-252.[QIAO Fangli.Regional Oceanography in China.Physical Oceanography[M].Ocean Press,2012:251-252.]
[24]罗义勇,俞光耀.风和台湾暖流引起东海沿岸上升流数值计算[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,1998(4):536-542.[LUO Yiyong,YU Guangyao.Numerical calculation of upwelling flows in the East China Sea coast caused by wind and Taiwan warm current[J].Journal of Ocean University of China(Natural Science Edition),1998(4):536-542]
[25]张庆华,乔方利.海底地形和沿岸流对长江冲淡水分布的影响[J].海洋学报,1993(6):1-15.[ZHANG Qinghua,QIAOFangli.Effects of seabed topography and coastal currents on the distribution of dilute water in the Yangtze River[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanography,1993(6):1-15.]
[26]陈红霞,袁业立,华锋.东海黑潮主段G-PN断面的多核结构[J].科学通报,2006,51(6):730-737.[CHEN Hongxia,YUAN Yeli,HUA Feng.The multi-nuclear structure of the G-PN section in the main Kuroshio Current in the East China Sea[J].Science Bulletin,2006,51(6):730-737.]
[27]王甜甜,康建成,李卫江,等.台湾东北海域冷涡-上升流系统冬、夏季温度三维结构[J].热带海洋学报,2008,27(6):6-13.[WANG Tiantian,KANG Jiancheng,LI Weijiang,et al.Three-dimensional structure of winter and summer temperatures of cold vortex-upflow system in the northeastern Taiwan Basin[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2008,27(6):6-13.]
[28]顾玉荷,孙湘平,许兰英.137°E经向断面上的副热带逆流[J].海洋学报,1999,21(5):22-30.[GU Yuhe,SUN Xiangping,XU Lanying.Subtropical convection on the meridional section of 137°E[J].Acta Marine Sinica,1999,21(5):22-30.]
[29]顾玉荷,孙湘平.137°E经向断面温,盐度的年际变异[J].海洋学报,1999,21(6):9-16.[GU Yuhe,SUN Xiangping.Interannual variation of salinity at 137°E meridional section temperature[J].Acta Marine Sinica,1999,21(6):9-16.]
[30]邓银银,孟赫,高会旺,等.中国近海及西北太平洋海域降水量变化及其与气溶胶光学厚度的关系[C].中国大气环境科学与技术大会暨中国环境科学学会大气环境分会,2012.[DENG Yinyin,MENG He,GAO Huiwang,et al.Precipitation change and its relationship with aerosol optical thickness in China's offshore and Pacific Northwest seas[C].China Atmospheric Environment Science and Technology Conference and Chinese Society for Environmental Sciences Atmospheric Environment Branch,2012.]
[31]谭能志.1945-2010年东海黑潮区PN断面温度的季节/年际/年代际变化[D].上海师范大学,2013.[TAN Nengzhi.Seasonal/interannual/interdecadal variations of PN section temperature in the Kuroshio region of the East China Sea from 1945to 2010[D].Shanghai Normal University,2013.]
[32]刘运运.东海黑潮区PN断面盐度不同季节的年际/年代际变化[D].上海师范大学,2013.[LIU Yunyun.The interannual/interdecadal variations of the salinity of the PN section in the Kuroshio region of the East China Sea[D].Shanghai Normal University,2013.]
[2]冯士笮.海洋科学导论[M].高等教育出版社,1999:431-441.[FENG Shizuo.Introduction to Marine Science[M].Higher Education Press,1999:431-441.]
[3]Henocq C,Boutin J,Petitcolin F,et al.Vertical variability of near-surface salinity in the tropics:Consequences for L-band radiometer calibration and validation[J].Journal of Atmospheric&Oceanic Technology,2012,27(1):2761.
[4]王绍武.现代气候学研究进展[M].气象出版社,2001:51-60.[WANG Shaowu.Advances in Modern Climatology[M].China Meteorological Press,2001:51-60.]
[5]向荣,阎军.表层海水古盐度重建[J].海洋科学,2002,26(4):17-20.[XIANG Rong,ZHAI Jun.Ancient salt salinity reconstruction of surface seawater[J].Ocean Science,2002,26(4):17-20.]
[6]匡晓迪.气候变化对渤海盐度年际变化及长期变化的影响[D].中国海洋大学,2009.[YAN Xiaodi.Impact of climate change on interannual and long-term changes in the salinity of the Bohai Sea[D].Ocean University of China,2009.]
[7]苏纪兰.中国近海水文[M].海洋出版社,2005.[SU Jilan.China's Offshore Journal[M].Marine Press,2005.]
[8]曾广恩,练树民,程旭华,等.东、黄海海表面温度季节内变化特征的EOF分析[J].海洋科学进展,2006,24(2):146-155.[ZENG Guangen,LIAN Shumin,CHENG Xuhua,et al.EOFanalysis of seasonal variation characteristics of surface temperature in the East and Yellow Seas[J].Progress in Marine Science,2006,24(2):146-155.]
[9]于非,许一.东海海表面温度长期变化趋势研究[J].海洋科学进展,2003,21(4):477-481.[YU Fei,XU Yi.Study on the long-term trend of sea surface temperature in the East China Sea[J].Advances in Marine Science,2003,21(4):477-481.]
[10]浦泳修.夏季东海30°N断面的盐度分布类型[J].海洋学研究,2002,20(1):2-14.[PU Yongxiu.The distribution of salinity at the 30°N section of the East China Sea in summer[J].Oceanographic Studies,2002,20(1):2-14.]
[11]苗庆生,杨锦坤,杨扬,等.东海30°N断面冬季温盐分布及年际变化特征分析[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2016,46(6):1-7.[MIAO Qingsheng,YANG Jinkun,YANG Yang,et al.Winter temperature and salt distribution and interannual variation characteristics of the 30°N section in the East China Sea[J].Ocean University of China,Natural Science,2016,46(6):1-7.]
[12]白志鹏,鲍献文,吴德星.137°E断面温盐年际变化特征分析[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2007(s1):44-52.[BAIZhipeng,BAO Xianwen,WU Dexing.Analysis of the interannual variation characteristics of temperature and salt in section 137°E[J].Journal of Ocean University of China,2008(s1):44-52.]
[13]白志鹏.137°E、PN、TK断面温盐流年际变化特征及其相关分析[D].中国海洋大学,2007.[BAI Zhipeng.Characteristics of interannual variation of temperature and salinity flow in 137°E,PN and TK sections and their correlation analysis[D].Ocean University of China,2007.]
[14]任惠茹,康建成,李卫江,等.东海黑潮表层盐度分布特征及其影响因素[J].热带海洋学报,2011,30(5):55-61.[RENHuiru,KANG Jiancheng,LI Weijiang,et al.The distribution characteristics of surface saline salinity in the East China Sea and its influencing factors[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2011,30(5):55-61.]
[15]管秉贤.东海海流结构及涡旋特征概述[J].海洋科学集刊,1986,27:1-22.[GUAN Bingxian.Overview of ocean current structure and vortex characteristics in the East China Sea[J].Marine Science Collection,1986,27,1-22.]
[16]韩树宗,徐常三.琉球海流起源及其变化特征的初步分析[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2012,42(z1):8-16.[HAN Shuzong,XU Changsan.Preliminary analysis of the origin and variation characteristics of Ryukyu current[J].Journal of Ocean University of China(Natural Science),2012,42(z1):8-16.]
[17]刘忠臣,陈义兰,丁继胜,等.东海海底地形分区特征和成因研究[J].海洋科学进展,2003,21(2):160-173.[LIUZhongchen,CHEN Yilan,DING Jisheng,et al.Study on the zoning characteristics and genesis of the seabed topography in the East China Sea[J].Advances in Marine Science,2003,21(2):160-173.]
[18]Carton J A,Giese B S.A reanalysis of ocean climate using simple ocean data assimilation(SODA)[J].Monthly Weather Review,2008,138(136):2999.
[19]Amante C,Eakins B W.ETOPO1 1arc-minute global relief model:Procedures,data sources and analysis[J].Psychologist,2009,16(3):20-25.
[20]沈焕庭,茅志昌,朱建荣.长江河口盐水入侵[M].海洋出版社,2003.[SHEN Huaanting,MAO Zhichang,ZHU Jianrong.Saltwater Intrusion in the Changjiang Estuary[M].O-cean Press,2003.]
[21]杨阳,李锐祥,朱鹏利.珠江冲淡水季节变化及动力成因[C]//热带海洋科学学术研讨会暨广东海洋学会会员代表大会论文集.2013:36-44.[YANG Yang,LI Ruixiang,ZHUPengli.Seasonal changes and dynamic genesis of the Pearl River dilute water[C].Tropical Ocean Science Symposium and Guangdong Ocean Society Member Congress Papers.2013:36-44.]
[22]欧素英.珠江口冲淡水扩展变化及机制研究[J].中科院机构知识库,2005.[OU Suying.Research on the change and mechanism of diluted water expansion in the Pearl River estuary[J].The Institutional Knowledge Base of the Chinese A-cademy of Sciences,2005]
[23]乔方利.中国区域海洋学.物理海洋学[M].海洋出版社,2012:251-252.[QIAO Fangli.Regional Oceanography in China.Physical Oceanography[M].Ocean Press,2012:251-252.]
[24]罗义勇,俞光耀.风和台湾暖流引起东海沿岸上升流数值计算[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,1998(4):536-542.[LUO Yiyong,YU Guangyao.Numerical calculation of upwelling flows in the East China Sea coast caused by wind and Taiwan warm current[J].Journal of Ocean University of China(Natural Science Edition),1998(4):536-542]
[25]张庆华,乔方利.海底地形和沿岸流对长江冲淡水分布的影响[J].海洋学报,1993(6):1-15.[ZHANG Qinghua,QIAOFangli.Effects of seabed topography and coastal currents on the distribution of dilute water in the Yangtze River[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanography,1993(6):1-15.]
[26]陈红霞,袁业立,华锋.东海黑潮主段G-PN断面的多核结构[J].科学通报,2006,51(6):730-737.[CHEN Hongxia,YUAN Yeli,HUA Feng.The multi-nuclear structure of the G-PN section in the main Kuroshio Current in the East China Sea[J].Science Bulletin,2006,51(6):730-737.]
[27]王甜甜,康建成,李卫江,等.台湾东北海域冷涡-上升流系统冬、夏季温度三维结构[J].热带海洋学报,2008,27(6):6-13.[WANG Tiantian,KANG Jiancheng,LI Weijiang,et al.Three-dimensional structure of winter and summer temperatures of cold vortex-upflow system in the northeastern Taiwan Basin[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2008,27(6):6-13.]
[28]顾玉荷,孙湘平,许兰英.137°E经向断面上的副热带逆流[J].海洋学报,1999,21(5):22-30.[GU Yuhe,SUN Xiangping,XU Lanying.Subtropical convection on the meridional section of 137°E[J].Acta Marine Sinica,1999,21(5):22-30.]
[29]顾玉荷,孙湘平.137°E经向断面温,盐度的年际变异[J].海洋学报,1999,21(6):9-16.[GU Yuhe,SUN Xiangping.Interannual variation of salinity at 137°E meridional section temperature[J].Acta Marine Sinica,1999,21(6):9-16.]
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[31]谭能志.1945-2010年东海黑潮区PN断面温度的季节/年际/年代际变化[D].上海师范大学,2013.[TAN Nengzhi.Seasonal/interannual/interdecadal variations of PN section temperature in the Kuroshio region of the East China Sea from 1945to 2010[D].Shanghai Normal University,2013.]
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