2018年广东省惠州市部分农村土壤卫生状况调查及风险评估
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摘要
目的初步评价广东省惠州市部分农村地区土壤卫生状况及其对人体的健康风险,为该地区土壤污染物健康风险评估提供科学依据和理论基础。方法按照《土壤环境监测技术规范》(HJ/T 166-2004)进行监测,根据《土壤环境质量标准》(GB 15618-1995)进行评价,并应用国际机构推荐的人群健康风险模型评价本地居民土壤重金属污染经摄食途径和经皮肤接触引起的健康风险值。结果本次调查的80份土壤中,有10个监测点土壤中检测出蛔虫卵,土壤中重金属铅、镉、铬二级及以上土壤质量标准达标率为97.92%;各县区的3种重金属通过2种途径的人群非致癌性风险和致癌性风险值均小于1.0×10-4/年,为可接受风险值。结论惠州市农村土壤环境卫生状况总体良好,蛔虫卵轻度污染,尚未发现3种重金属的明显污染;根据风险模型评估3种重金属分布水平不会对人体产生明显的健康危害。
Objective The aim of this study was to make a preliminary assessment on some soil sanitation conditions of rural areas in Huizhou city of Guangdong province, in order to provide scientific and theoretical basis for health risk evaluation of soil pollutants in this area. Methods The monitoring and evaluation was respectively conducted in accordance with the Technical Specifications for Soil Environmental Monitoring(HJ/T 166-2004) and the Soil Environmental Quality Standard(GB 15618-1995), which were published by the Ministry of National Environmental Protection. Then, the human health risk model recommended by international agency was used to evaluate the health risk value for local residents, which caused by heavy metal pollution through feeding and skin contracting. Results In this survey of 80 samples the soil, there were 10 monitoring stations that detected ascaris eggs in the soil. The soil quality standard of heavy metals such as lead, cadmium and chromium was 97.92%. The non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenicity risk values of the three heavy metals in each county and district through the two approaches were mostly less than 1.0×10-4 each year. Conclusion The soil sanitation condition of rural areas in Huizhou city was generally good. The pollution of ascaris eggs was lightly polluted. And there was no obvious pollution of three kinds of heavy metal. The distribution level of three kinds of heavy metal will not cause significant health hazards to human body according to the risk model evaluation.
Objective The aim of this study was to make a preliminary assessment on some soil sanitation conditions of rural areas in Huizhou city of Guangdong province, in order to provide scientific and theoretical basis for health risk evaluation of soil pollutants in this area. Methods The monitoring and evaluation was respectively conducted in accordance with the Technical Specifications for Soil Environmental Monitoring(HJ/T 166-2004) and the Soil Environmental Quality Standard(GB 15618-1995), which were published by the Ministry of National Environmental Protection. Then, the human health risk model recommended by international agency was used to evaluate the health risk value for local residents, which caused by heavy metal pollution through feeding and skin contracting. Results In this survey of 80 samples the soil, there were 10 monitoring stations that detected ascaris eggs in the soil. The soil quality standard of heavy metals such as lead, cadmium and chromium was 97.92%. The non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenicity risk values of the three heavy metals in each county and district through the two approaches were mostly less than 1.0×10-4 each year. Conclusion The soil sanitation condition of rural areas in Huizhou city was generally good. The pollution of ascaris eggs was lightly polluted. And there was no obvious pollution of three kinds of heavy metal. The distribution level of three kinds of heavy metal will not cause significant health hazards to human body according to the risk model evaluation.
引文
[1]孙煜.沿海某县级市农村土壤卫生状况及风险评估[D].济南：山东大学，2017.
[2]杨刚，李燕，巫林，等.成都平原表层水稻土重金属污染健康风险分析[J].环境化学，2014,33(2):269-275.
[3]翟凤英.中国居民膳食结构与营养状况变迁的追踪研究[M].北京：科学出版社，2008.
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[5]于云江，胡林凯，李定龙，等.某典型农业区农田土壤重金属污染的健康风险初步评价[J].环境与健康杂志，2010,27(8):693-696.
[6] Sipter E, Rózsa E, Gruiz K, et al. Site-specific risk assessment in contaminated vegetable gardens[J]. Chemosphere, 2008, 71:1301-1307.
[7] United States Environmental Protection Agency. Regional Screening Levels(RSLs)-Generic Tables[EB/OL].[2019-10-08]. https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generictables.
[8]中华人民共和国环境保护部.HJ 25.3-2014污染场地风险评估技术导则[S].北京：中国环境科学出版社，2014.
[9]李如忠，潘成荣，陈婧，等.铜陵市区表土与灰尘重金属污染健康风险评估[J].中国环境科学，2012,32(12):2261-2270.
[10] Zhang XY, Tang XL, Zhao CL, et a1. Health risk evaluation for the inhabitants of a typical mining town in a mountain area, South China[J]. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2008, 1140:263-273.
[11]张丽娥，莫招育，覃健，等.广西大厂矿区下游农村土壤重金属污染及儿童健康风险评估[J].环境与健康杂志，2014,(6):512-516.
[12] Valentin J. Basic anatomical and physiological data for use in radiological protection:reference values[J]. Annals of the ICRP, 2002, 32(3/4):l-277.
[13]葛婳姣，周菊平，顾海金，等.苏州市吴江区农村土壤铅、镉、铬污染状况调查[J].现代预防医学，2017,44(16):2912-2915,2927.
[14]朱文转，夏北成，江学顶.惠州市土壤重金属污染景观空间格局特征研究[J].中国环境科学，2009,29(8):885-891.
[2]杨刚，李燕，巫林，等.成都平原表层水稻土重金属污染健康风险分析[J].环境化学，2014,33(2):269-275.
[3]翟凤英.中国居民膳食结构与营养状况变迁的追踪研究[M].北京：科学出版社，2008.
[4] United States Environmental Protection Agency. Exposure Factors Handbook[EB/OL].[2019-10-07]. https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/risk/recordisplay.cfm?deid=12464.
[5]于云江，胡林凯，李定龙，等.某典型农业区农田土壤重金属污染的健康风险初步评价[J].环境与健康杂志，2010,27(8):693-696.
[6] Sipter E, Rózsa E, Gruiz K, et al. Site-specific risk assessment in contaminated vegetable gardens[J]. Chemosphere, 2008, 71:1301-1307.
[7] United States Environmental Protection Agency. Regional Screening Levels(RSLs)-Generic Tables[EB/OL].[2019-10-08]. https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generictables.
[8]中华人民共和国环境保护部.HJ 25.3-2014污染场地风险评估技术导则[S].北京：中国环境科学出版社，2014.
[9]李如忠，潘成荣，陈婧，等.铜陵市区表土与灰尘重金属污染健康风险评估[J].中国环境科学，2012,32(12):2261-2270.
[10] Zhang XY, Tang XL, Zhao CL, et a1. Health risk evaluation for the inhabitants of a typical mining town in a mountain area, South China[J]. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2008, 1140:263-273.
[11]张丽娥，莫招育，覃健，等.广西大厂矿区下游农村土壤重金属污染及儿童健康风险评估[J].环境与健康杂志，2014,(6):512-516.
[12] Valentin J. Basic anatomical and physiological data for use in radiological protection:reference values[J]. Annals of the ICRP, 2002, 32(3/4):l-277.
[13]葛婳姣，周菊平，顾海金，等.苏州市吴江区农村土壤铅、镉、铬污染状况调查[J].现代预防医学，2017,44(16):2912-2915,2927.
[14]朱文转，夏北成，江学顶.惠州市土壤重金属污染景观空间格局特征研究[J].中国环境科学，2009,29(8):885-891.