山地民族地区旅游流网络结构及流动方式研究——以恩施州为例
|
摘要
恩施州是资源富集的山地民族旅游区,近年来旅游扶贫政策的推广为州内旅游业发展提供了新的机遇。正确理解和把握游客在州内的流动规模、流动方向和流动方式,对政府部门和旅游企业的科学决策和合理规划具有重要意义。通过提取网络游记信息,应用社会网络分析方法和ArcGIS空间分析方法对恩施州旅游流的空间网络结构和流动方式进行分析,研究表明:(1)恩施州旅游流网络结构整体较分散,各旅游节点间流动性不强;(2)恩施市,利川市和鹤峰县是州内旅游流交通集散中心,恩施大峡谷是恩施州旅游流网络的旅游集散中心;(3)恩施大峡谷、恩施土司城、土家女儿城和恩施市区4个节点是恩施州旅游流的核心节点,这4个节点之间联系较为紧密,也是联结其余节点的核心节点;(4)恩施州旅游流季节差异性较为明显,游客量主要集中在夏季和秋季;(5)游客主要选择大巴和自驾在恩施州内进行移动,州内旅游交通线路发展良好,但公共交通仍不能完全满足游客的出行需求;(6)旅游资源供需呈现不匹配特点,游客在州内空间流动较少受旅游节点等级和级别的影响。
Enshi is a mountainous ethnic tourist area with rich resources. In recent years, the promotion of pro-poor tourism policies has provided new opportunities for the development of the tourist industry of Enshi. A proper understanding of the size, direction and mode of tourist flows in this area is of great significance for government and tourism enterprises to make scientific decisions and rational plans. Drawing on the information offered by online travel notes, this paper investigates the spatial network structure and the transportation mode of the tourist flows in Enshi using social network analysis and ArcGIS spatial analysis. The results reveal:(1) The network structure of the tourist flows in Enshi is dispersed with a rather weak mobility of tourists between various tourism nodes.(2) Enshi, Lichuan and Hefeng are three tourist transportation hubs in the area, and the Enshi Grand Canyon is the assembling center of the network of tourism flows in this area.(3) The Enshi Grand Canyon, the Tusi City, the Tujia Girls' town and the center of Enshi City are four core nodes, which are well connected with each other, of the tourism flows in Enshi.(4) There exist obvious seasonal variations in the tourist flows of Enshi, with the major flows concentrated in summer and autumn.(5) Bus and self-driving are the major transportation modes of tourist flows in Enshi. The tourist traffic lines are well developed in the area, but the public transportation system is still unable to satisfy tourists' demands.(6) The character of mismatch of supply and demand has been found. The spatial mobility of tourists is rarely influenced by the level of tourism nodes.
Enshi is a mountainous ethnic tourist area with rich resources. In recent years, the promotion of pro-poor tourism policies has provided new opportunities for the development of the tourist industry of Enshi. A proper understanding of the size, direction and mode of tourist flows in this area is of great significance for government and tourism enterprises to make scientific decisions and rational plans. Drawing on the information offered by online travel notes, this paper investigates the spatial network structure and the transportation mode of the tourist flows in Enshi using social network analysis and ArcGIS spatial analysis. The results reveal:(1) The network structure of the tourist flows in Enshi is dispersed with a rather weak mobility of tourists between various tourism nodes.(2) Enshi, Lichuan and Hefeng are three tourist transportation hubs in the area, and the Enshi Grand Canyon is the assembling center of the network of tourism flows in this area.(3) The Enshi Grand Canyon, the Tusi City, the Tujia Girls' town and the center of Enshi City are four core nodes, which are well connected with each other, of the tourism flows in Enshi.(4) There exist obvious seasonal variations in the tourist flows of Enshi, with the major flows concentrated in summer and autumn.(5) Bus and self-driving are the major transportation modes of tourist flows in Enshi. The tourist traffic lines are well developed in the area, but the public transportation system is still unable to satisfy tourists' demands.(6) The character of mismatch of supply and demand has been found. The spatial mobility of tourists is rarely influenced by the level of tourism nodes.
引文
[1] 保继刚,楚义芳,彭华.旅游地理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999.BAO J G,CHU Y F,PENG H.Tourism geography [M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,1999.
[2] 刘法建,张捷,章锦河.旅游流空间数据获取的基本方法分析——国内外研究综述及比较[J].旅游学刊,2012,27(6):101—109.LIU F J,ZHANG J,ZHANG J H.Analysis of the basic method of collecting the spatial data of tourist flows:A study review and comparison both at home and abroad [J].Tourism Tribune,2012,27(6):101-109.
[3] CAMBELL C K.An approach to research in recreational geography[M].Vancouver:Department of Geography,University of British Columbia,1967:89-93.
[4] 杨兴柱,顾朝林,王群.南京市旅游流网络结构构建[J].地理学报,2007,62(6):609-620.YANG X Z,GU C L,WANG Q.Urban tourism flow network structure construction in Nanjing[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2007,62(6):609-620.
[5] 罗家德.社会网分析讲义[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2005.LUO J D.Social network analysis[M].Beijing:Social Science Academic Press,2005.
[6] SHIH Y H.Network characteristics of drive tourism destinations:An application of network analysis in tourism[J].Tourism Management,2006(27):1029-1039.
[7] DIANNE D.Policy networks and local organisation of tourism[J].Tourism Management,2006(27):269-280.
[8] KATHRYN P.The evolution and transformation of a tourism destination network:The Waitomo Caves New Zealand[J].Tourism Management,2003(24):203-216.
[9] 唐顺铁,郭来喜.旅游流体系研究[J].旅游学刊,1998,13(3):38-41.TANG T S,GUO L X.Study of tourist flow system [J].Tourism Tribune,1998,13(3):38-41.
[10] 陈浩,陆林,章锦河,等.珠江三角洲城市群旅游空间结构与优化分析[J].地理科学,2008,28(1):113-118.CHEN H,LU L,ZHANG J H,et al.Analysis of spatial tourist structure and optimizing for the Zhujiang River Delta urban cluster [J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2008,28(1):113-118.
[11] 楚义芳,钱小芙.关于旅游地理的几个问题[J].经济地理,1987,7(2):137-143.CHU Y F,QIAN X F.Several problems of tourism geography [J].Economic Geography,1987,7(2):137-143.
[12] 彭红松,陆林,路幸福,等.基于社会网络方法的跨界旅游客流网络结构研究——以泸沽湖为例[J].地理科学,2014,34(9):1041-1050.PWNG H S,LU L,LU X F.The network structure of cross-border tourism flow based on the social network method:A case of Lugu Lake region [J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2014,34(9):1041-1050.
[13] 惠林彬.国内旅游流研究综述[J].商情,2012(19):114.HUI L B.Review on tourist flow in China[J].Business,2012(19):114.
[14] 吴晋峰,王鑫,郭峰,等.我国旅游流研究进展与展望[J].人文地理,2013,28(4):20-26.WU J F,WANG X,GUO F,et al.Progress and prospect of tourist flow research in China [J].Human Geography,2013,28(4):20-26.
[15] 杨新菊,吴晋峰,唐澜,等.旅华外国散客旅游流地理分布和网络结构研究[J].旅游学刊,2014,29(5):87-96.YANG X J,WU J F,TANG L,et al.The geographical distribution and network structure of foreign independent tourist flows in China [J].Tourism Tribune,2014,29(5):87-96.
[16] 李晓雯,陈雪琼.泉州出境旅游流空间结构研究[J].泉州师范学院学报,2011,29(4):81-86.LI X W,CHEN X Q.Study on spatial structure of outbound tourist flow for Quanzhou [J].Journal of Quanzhou Normal University,2011,29(4):81-86.
[17] 虞虎,陈田,王开泳,等.中国农村居民省际旅游流网络空间结构特征与演化趋势[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(6):189-195.YU H,CHEN T,WANG K Y,et al.Spatial structure characteristics of tourist flow of Chinese rural residents at the provincial level and its trend [J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2015,29(6):189-195.
[18] 陈梅花,路军慧.基于SNA的河南省旅游流网络结构特征研究[J].西北师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017,53(2):129-134.CHEN M H,LU J H.Research on the structural characteristics of tourist flows network in Human Province based on SNA [J].Journal of Northwest Normal University (Natural Science),2017,53(2):129-134.
[19] 王娟,胡静,贾垚焱,等.城市旅游流的网络结构特征及流动方式:以武汉自助游为例[J].经济地理,2016,36(6):176-184,175.WANG J,HU J,JIA Y Y,et al.City tourism flow network structure and transportation mode:Taking Wuhan DIY tourists for example [J].Economic Geography,2016,36(6):176-184,175.
[20] 林文辉,毛峰,何虹,等.杭州市景点旅游流空间网络分析[J].浙江大学学报(理学版),2016,43(4):458-464,491.LIN W H,MAO F,HE H,et al.Spatial network analysis of urban tourist flow of the scenic spots:A case study of Hangzhou [J].Journal of Zhejiang University (Science Edition),2016,43(4):458-464,491.
[21] 杨兴柱,吴静.南京市旅游流网络结构特征历时性比较[J].旅游科学,2015,29(4):35-46.YANG X Z,WU J.A diachronic comparison of the characteristics of the structure of tourism flow network in Nanjing[J].Tourism Science,2015,29(4):35-46.
[2] 刘法建,张捷,章锦河.旅游流空间数据获取的基本方法分析——国内外研究综述及比较[J].旅游学刊,2012,27(6):101—109.LIU F J,ZHANG J,ZHANG J H.Analysis of the basic method of collecting the spatial data of tourist flows:A study review and comparison both at home and abroad [J].Tourism Tribune,2012,27(6):101-109.
[3] CAMBELL C K.An approach to research in recreational geography[M].Vancouver:Department of Geography,University of British Columbia,1967:89-93.
[4] 杨兴柱,顾朝林,王群.南京市旅游流网络结构构建[J].地理学报,2007,62(6):609-620.YANG X Z,GU C L,WANG Q.Urban tourism flow network structure construction in Nanjing[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2007,62(6):609-620.
[5] 罗家德.社会网分析讲义[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2005.LUO J D.Social network analysis[M].Beijing:Social Science Academic Press,2005.
[6] SHIH Y H.Network characteristics of drive tourism destinations:An application of network analysis in tourism[J].Tourism Management,2006(27):1029-1039.
[7] DIANNE D.Policy networks and local organisation of tourism[J].Tourism Management,2006(27):269-280.
[8] KATHRYN P.The evolution and transformation of a tourism destination network:The Waitomo Caves New Zealand[J].Tourism Management,2003(24):203-216.
[9] 唐顺铁,郭来喜.旅游流体系研究[J].旅游学刊,1998,13(3):38-41.TANG T S,GUO L X.Study of tourist flow system [J].Tourism Tribune,1998,13(3):38-41.
[10] 陈浩,陆林,章锦河,等.珠江三角洲城市群旅游空间结构与优化分析[J].地理科学,2008,28(1):113-118.CHEN H,LU L,ZHANG J H,et al.Analysis of spatial tourist structure and optimizing for the Zhujiang River Delta urban cluster [J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2008,28(1):113-118.
[11] 楚义芳,钱小芙.关于旅游地理的几个问题[J].经济地理,1987,7(2):137-143.CHU Y F,QIAN X F.Several problems of tourism geography [J].Economic Geography,1987,7(2):137-143.
[12] 彭红松,陆林,路幸福,等.基于社会网络方法的跨界旅游客流网络结构研究——以泸沽湖为例[J].地理科学,2014,34(9):1041-1050.PWNG H S,LU L,LU X F.The network structure of cross-border tourism flow based on the social network method:A case of Lugu Lake region [J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2014,34(9):1041-1050.
[13] 惠林彬.国内旅游流研究综述[J].商情,2012(19):114.HUI L B.Review on tourist flow in China[J].Business,2012(19):114.
[14] 吴晋峰,王鑫,郭峰,等.我国旅游流研究进展与展望[J].人文地理,2013,28(4):20-26.WU J F,WANG X,GUO F,et al.Progress and prospect of tourist flow research in China [J].Human Geography,2013,28(4):20-26.
[15] 杨新菊,吴晋峰,唐澜,等.旅华外国散客旅游流地理分布和网络结构研究[J].旅游学刊,2014,29(5):87-96.YANG X J,WU J F,TANG L,et al.The geographical distribution and network structure of foreign independent tourist flows in China [J].Tourism Tribune,2014,29(5):87-96.
[16] 李晓雯,陈雪琼.泉州出境旅游流空间结构研究[J].泉州师范学院学报,2011,29(4):81-86.LI X W,CHEN X Q.Study on spatial structure of outbound tourist flow for Quanzhou [J].Journal of Quanzhou Normal University,2011,29(4):81-86.
[17] 虞虎,陈田,王开泳,等.中国农村居民省际旅游流网络空间结构特征与演化趋势[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(6):189-195.YU H,CHEN T,WANG K Y,et al.Spatial structure characteristics of tourist flow of Chinese rural residents at the provincial level and its trend [J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2015,29(6):189-195.
[18] 陈梅花,路军慧.基于SNA的河南省旅游流网络结构特征研究[J].西北师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017,53(2):129-134.CHEN M H,LU J H.Research on the structural characteristics of tourist flows network in Human Province based on SNA [J].Journal of Northwest Normal University (Natural Science),2017,53(2):129-134.
[19] 王娟,胡静,贾垚焱,等.城市旅游流的网络结构特征及流动方式:以武汉自助游为例[J].经济地理,2016,36(6):176-184,175.WANG J,HU J,JIA Y Y,et al.City tourism flow network structure and transportation mode:Taking Wuhan DIY tourists for example [J].Economic Geography,2016,36(6):176-184,175.
[20] 林文辉,毛峰,何虹,等.杭州市景点旅游流空间网络分析[J].浙江大学学报(理学版),2016,43(4):458-464,491.LIN W H,MAO F,HE H,et al.Spatial network analysis of urban tourist flow of the scenic spots:A case study of Hangzhou [J].Journal of Zhejiang University (Science Edition),2016,43(4):458-464,491.
[21] 杨兴柱,吴静.南京市旅游流网络结构特征历时性比较[J].旅游科学,2015,29(4):35-46.YANG X Z,WU J.A diachronic comparison of the characteristics of the structure of tourism flow network in Nanjing[J].Tourism Science,2015,29(4):35-46.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |