不同改良剂和水分管理对水稻吸收积累砷的影响
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摘要
为筛选出有效治理As污染农田土壤的修复模式,采用盆栽试验的方法,比较了不同混合改良剂和水分管理对As污染土壤中水稻吸收积累As的影响。结果表明,土壤以及水稻籽粒、茎叶和根系中的As含量在不淹水条件下较低,在淹水条件下较高,在孕穗期至灌浆期淹水条件下处于前两者之间。不同水分管理方式下,添加Si+Mo使籽粒As含量降低4.8%～19.9%,茎叶As含量降低16.9%～56.3%;添加Fe+Ca使籽粒As含量降低26.6%～50.6%,茎叶As含量降低40.3%～81.2%。添加改良剂还能降低水稻根系向茎叶和籽粒转运As的能力。综合而言,不淹水+Fe+Ca处理降低水稻As含量的效果最明显。
To screen the effective remediation model of As-contaminated farmland, the effect of different mixed amendments and water management on the uptake and accumulation of As in As-contaminated soil were compared using a pot experiment. The results showed the concentrations of As in soil and rice grains, shoots, and roots were lower under the non-flooded conditions, while the higher As concentrations were seen under the flooded conditions. Under different water management methods, compared with the control treatment, with the addition of Si + Mo the concentration of As in grains decreased by 4.8%～19.9% and in shoots by 16.9%～56.3%. With the addition of Fe +Ca, the concentration of As in grains decreased by 26.6%～50.6% and in shoots by 40.3%～81.2%. The addition of amendments could also reduce the ability of As transport from rice roots to shoots and grains. To sum up, the effect of non-flooded + Fe + Ca on reducing As concentration in rice was the most noticeable.
To screen the effective remediation model of As-contaminated farmland, the effect of different mixed amendments and water management on the uptake and accumulation of As in As-contaminated soil were compared using a pot experiment. The results showed the concentrations of As in soil and rice grains, shoots, and roots were lower under the non-flooded conditions, while the higher As concentrations were seen under the flooded conditions. Under different water management methods, compared with the control treatment, with the addition of Si + Mo the concentration of As in grains decreased by 4.8%～19.9% and in shoots by 16.9%～56.3%. With the addition of Fe +Ca, the concentration of As in grains decreased by 26.6%～50.6% and in shoots by 40.3%～81.2%. The addition of amendments could also reduce the ability of As transport from rice roots to shoots and grains. To sum up, the effect of non-flooded + Fe + Ca on reducing As concentration in rice was the most noticeable.
引文
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[4]赵筱青,李丽娇,杨红辉,等.云南沘江流域农田土壤重金属Pb、Zn、Cd、As的地球化学特征[J].地球学报, 2012, 33(3):331-340.ZHAO Xiao-qing, LI Li-jiao, YANG Hong-hui, et al. The geochemical characteristics of heavy metals in agricultural soils of the Bijiang watershed in Yunnan Province[J]. Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 2012, 33(3):331-340.
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[6]李仁英,沈孝辉,张耀鸿,等.无机砷对不同水稻品种种子萌发和幼苗光合生理的影响[J].农业环境科学学报, 2014, 33(6):1067-1074.LI Ren-ying, SHEN Xiao-hui, ZHANG Yao-hong, et al. Effects of inorganic arsenic on seed germination and photosynthetic characteristics of various rice cultivars[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Sciencce,2014, 33(6):1067-1074.
[7]黄益宗,蒋航,王农,等.外源褪黑素对砷胁迫下水稻幼苗生长的影响[J].生态学杂志, 2018, 37(6):1738-1743.HUANG Yi-zong, JIANG Hang, WANG Nong, et al. Effects of exogenous melatonin on the growth of rice seedlings under As stress[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2018, 37(6):1738-1743.
[8] Smith A H, Ercumen A, Yuan Y, et al. Increased lung cancer risks are similar whether arsenic is ingested or inhaled[J]. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology, 2009, 19(4):343-348.
[9] Ferreira-Baptista L, Miguel E D. Geochemistry and risk assessment of street dust in Luanda, Angola:A tropical urban environment[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2005, 39(25):4501-4512.
[10] Hung C L H, So M K, Connell D W, et al. A preliminary risk assessment of trace elements accumulated in fish to the indo-pacific humpback dolphin(Sousa chinensis)in the northwestern waters of Hong Kong[J]. Chemosphere, 2006, 144(1):190-196.
[11]赵明柳,唐守寅,董海霞,等.硅酸钠对重金属污染土壤性质和水稻吸收Cd Pb Zn的影响[J].农业环境科学学报, 2016, 35(9):1653-1659.ZHAO Ming-liu, TANG Shou-yin, DONG Hai-xia, et al. Effects of sodium silicate on soil properties and Cd, Pb and Zn absorption by rice plant[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2016, 35(9):1653-1659.
[12]黄益宗,石孟春,招礼军.水稻根系吸收砷的动力学特征及硅的缓解机制[J].生态毒理学报, 2010, 5(3):433-438.HUANG Yi-zong, SHI Meng-chun, ZHAO Li-jun. Uptake kinetics of arsenic species in two genotypes of rice plants and mitigatory mechanism of silicon[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2010, 5(3):433-438.
[13]薛高峰,孙万春,宋阿琳,等.硅对水稻生长、白叶枯病抗性及病程相关蛋白活性的影响[J].中国农业科学, 2010, 43(4):690-697.XUE Gao-feng, SUN Wan-chun, SONG A-lin, et al. Influence of silicon on rice growth, resistance to bacterial blight and activity of pathogenesis-related proteins[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2010, 43(4):690-697.
[14]曹恭,梁鸣早.钼——平衡栽培体系中植物必需的微量元素[J].土壤肥料, 2004, 3:52-55.CAO Gong, LIANG Ming-zao. Trace elements necessary for plants in molybdenum:Balanced cultivation system[J]. Soils and Fertilizers,2004, 3:52-55.
[15]袁彪,黄益宗,蔡立群,等.外源Mo降低As（Ⅲ）和As（Ⅴ）对水稻的毒性及As的积累[J].生态毒理学报, 2017, 12(1):219-227.YUAN Biao, HUANG Yi-zong, CAI Li-qun, et al. Molybdenum reduced the toxicity and accumulation of As（Ⅲ）and As（Ⅴ）in rice seedling[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2017, 12(1):219-227.
[16]赵秋芳,胡承孝,孙学成.冬小麦小同钼效率品种钼吸收差异及其与根系形态特征的关系[J].华中农业大学学报, 2013, 32(2):67-71.ZHAO Qiu-fang, HU Cheng-xiao, SUN Xue-cheng. Differences of molybdenum absorption and its relationship with root morphology between two winter wheat cultivars with different Mo-efficiency[J]. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University, 2013, 32(2):67-71.
[17]张木,胡承孝,孙学成,等.钼、硒单施及配施对盐胁迫下小白菜生长的影响[J].华中农业大学学报, 2014, 33(5):50-56.ZHANG Mu, HU Cheng-xiao, SUN Xue-cheng, et al. Effects of applying molybdenum and selenium on growth of pakchoi cabbage under salt stress[J]. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University, 2014,33(5):50-56.
[18]陈远其,张煜,陈国梁.石灰对土壤重金属污染修复研究进展[J].生态环境学报, 2016, 25(8):1419-1424.CHEN Qi-yuan, ZHANG Yu, CHEN Guo-liang. Remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils by lime:A review[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2016, 25(8):1419-1424.
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