基于内梅罗综合污染指数的农田耕层土壤重金属污染评价
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摘要
为重金属污染防治提供科学依据,以石羊河流域武威平原区农田耕层土壤为研究对象,采集和测定了67个样点中重金属Cr、Ni、Cu、Cd、Pb、As、Hg的含量,在农田土壤重金属元素总量分布特征分析的基础上,分别以国标土壤污染风险筛选值和甘肃省土壤背景值为参评标准,采用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗综合指数法对重金属污染程度进行评价。结果表明,石羊河流域武威平原区农田耕层土壤中重金属Cd、Hg、Pb、Cr、Cu、As、Ni的含量,参比国标土壤污染风险筛选值,单因子污染指数均小于1,超标率为0,内梅罗综合污染指数为0.36,所有样点均处于安全无污染水平。参比甘肃省土壤背景值,内梅罗综合污染指数为2.16,轻度污染、中度污染和重度污染分别占56.7%、28.4%和14.9%;Cd、Hg污染最严重,平均含量分别达0.19、0.04 mg/kg,分别是甘肃省土壤背景值的2.24倍和2.34倍,超标率分别达100.0%和92.54%,内梅罗综合污染指数分别达4.12和5.94,为重度污染;其余的Pb、Cr、Cu、As、Ni为轻度污染,超标率分别为56.72%、56.72%、53.73%、52.24%和40.30%。
To provide scientific basis for prevention and control of heavy metal pollution, taking farmland plough soil in Wuwei plain of Shiyang River as the research object, the contents of heavy metals such as Cr, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb, As and Hg in 67 samples were collected and determined.Based on analysis of distribution characteristics of heavy metals in farmland soils,risk screening values for soil contamination of agricultural land and soil background value of Gansu Province were used as the reference standards,the pollution degree of heavy metals was evaluated by single factor pollution index method and Nemerow comprehensive index method. The result showed that the contents of heavy metal Cd,Hg,Pb,Cr,Cu,As and Ni in cultivated soil of Wuwei plain of Shiyang River Basin were all at the safe and non-pollution,compared with the national standard soil pollution risk screening value,the single factor pollution index was less than 1, the exceeding standard rate was 0, and the comprehensive pollution index of Nemero was 0.36.However,compared with the soil background values in Gansu Province,the Nemero comprehensive pollution index was 2.16. Slight pollution, moderate pollution and severe pollution accounted for 56.7%, 28.4% and 14.9%, respectively.The most serious contaminants were Cd and Hg and the average contents were 0.19,0.04 mg/kg, respectively.It was 2.24 times and 2.34 times than the soil background value of Gansu Province,the rate of exceeding standard reached 100.0% and 92.54%,respectively.The comprehensive pollution index of Nemero reached 4.12 and 5.94, which belonged to serious pollution.Pb,Cr,Cu,As and Ni were slightly polluted, with exceeding standard rates of 56.72%, 56.72%, 53.73%, 52.24% and 40.30%, respectively.
To provide scientific basis for prevention and control of heavy metal pollution, taking farmland plough soil in Wuwei plain of Shiyang River as the research object, the contents of heavy metals such as Cr, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb, As and Hg in 67 samples were collected and determined.Based on analysis of distribution characteristics of heavy metals in farmland soils,risk screening values for soil contamination of agricultural land and soil background value of Gansu Province were used as the reference standards,the pollution degree of heavy metals was evaluated by single factor pollution index method and Nemerow comprehensive index method. The result showed that the contents of heavy metal Cd,Hg,Pb,Cr,Cu,As and Ni in cultivated soil of Wuwei plain of Shiyang River Basin were all at the safe and non-pollution,compared with the national standard soil pollution risk screening value,the single factor pollution index was less than 1, the exceeding standard rate was 0, and the comprehensive pollution index of Nemero was 0.36.However,compared with the soil background values in Gansu Province,the Nemero comprehensive pollution index was 2.16. Slight pollution, moderate pollution and severe pollution accounted for 56.7%, 28.4% and 14.9%, respectively.The most serious contaminants were Cd and Hg and the average contents were 0.19,0.04 mg/kg, respectively.It was 2.24 times and 2.34 times than the soil background value of Gansu Province,the rate of exceeding standard reached 100.0% and 92.54%,respectively.The comprehensive pollution index of Nemero reached 4.12 and 5.94, which belonged to serious pollution.Pb,Cr,Cu,As and Ni were slightly polluted, with exceeding standard rates of 56.72%, 56.72%, 53.73%, 52.24% and 40.30%, respectively.
引文
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[20] 古丽娜尔·哈里别克,海米提·依米提,努尔模达·达拉拜,等.于田绿洲典型区域土壤盐分空间分异规律研究[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(3):28-32.
[21] 赵小学,姚东平,成永霞,等.铅冶炼区土壤重金属总量和有效态含量的函数分析[J].中国环境监测,2017,33(1):68-74.
[22] 曾希柏,徐建明,黄巧云,等.中国农田重金属问题的若干思考[J].土壤学报,2013,50(1):186-194.
[23] 罗永清,陈银萍,陶玲,等.兰州市农田土壤重金属污染评价与研究[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2011,46(1):98-104.
[24] 蒲瑞丰,康尔泗,王轲,等.石羊河流域典型工业区土壤重金属污染状况研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2008,22(9):129-133.
[2] 中华人民共和国环境保护部,中华人民共和国国土资源部.全国土壤污染状况调查公报[N].中国环境报,2014-04-18(1).
[3] 陈怀满.环境土壤学[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
[4] 赵纪新,尹鹏程,岳荣,等.我国农田土壤重金属污染现状·来源及修复技术研究综述[J].安徽农业科学,2018,46(4):19-21,26.
[5] 樊霆,叶文玲,陈海燕,等.农田土壤重金属污染状况及修复技术研究[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(10):1727-1736.
[6] WU G,KANG H B,ZHANG X Y,et al.A critical review on the bio-removal of hazardous heavy metals from contaminated soils:Issues,progress,eco-environmental concerns and opportunities[J].Journal of hazardous materials,2010,174(1/2/3):1-8.
[7] 张小敏,张秀英,钟太洋,等.中国农田土壤重金属富集状况及其空间分布研究[J].环境科学,2014,35(2):692-703.
[8] 国家环境保护总局.土壤环境质量标准:GB 15618—1995[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1995.
[9] 张婉璐,吴云.基于内梅罗指数法与地质累积指数法对海宁市土壤重金属污染状况评价的比较与分析[J].中国资源综合利用,2017,35(12):13-15.
[10] 杨玉敏,师学义,张琛.基于内梅罗指数法的复垦村庄土壤重金属污染评价及空间分布[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(4):338-343.
[11] 孙华,谢丽,张金婷,等.基于改进内梅罗指数法的棕(褐)地周边土壤重金属污染评价[J].环境保护科学,2018,44(2):98-102.
[12] 张玉莲,闫天增.内梅罗指数法在土壤重金属污染评价中的应用[J].河南教育学院学报(自然科学版),2012,21(2):35-39.
[13] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[14]中华人民共和国国土资源部.区域地球化学样品分析方法[S].北京:中国地质大学出版社,2016.
[15] 环境保护部办公厅、国土资源部办公厅和农业部办公厅.全国土壤污染状况详查土壤样品分析测试方法技术规定:环办土壤函[2017]1625号[A].2017.
[16] 杨玉敏,师学义,张琛.基于内梅罗指数法的复垦村庄土壤重金属污染评价及空间分布[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(4):338-343.
[17] 王生朴,连兵.甘肃省土壤环境背景值特征及其分布规律[J].甘肃环境研究与监测,1993,6(3):1-7.
[18] 张金婷,孙华.内梅罗指数法和模糊综合评价法在土壤重金属污染评价应用中的差异分析[J].环境监测管理与技术,2016,28(4):27-31.
[19] 国家环境保护总局.土壤环境监测技术规范:HJ/T 166—2004[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2005.
[20] 古丽娜尔·哈里别克,海米提·依米提,努尔模达·达拉拜,等.于田绿洲典型区域土壤盐分空间分异规律研究[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(3):28-32.
[21] 赵小学,姚东平,成永霞,等.铅冶炼区土壤重金属总量和有效态含量的函数分析[J].中国环境监测,2017,33(1):68-74.
[22] 曾希柏,徐建明,黄巧云,等.中国农田重金属问题的若干思考[J].土壤学报,2013,50(1):186-194.
[23] 罗永清,陈银萍,陶玲,等.兰州市农田土壤重金属污染评价与研究[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2011,46(1):98-104.
[24] 蒲瑞丰,康尔泗,王轲,等.石羊河流域典型工业区土壤重金属污染状况研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2008,22(9):129-133.
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