六盘水矿区关键带岩溶水水化学演化特征及驱动因子
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摘要
贵州六盘水矿区地表水-地下水交换频繁,是重要的生活和工、农业用水水源,为保障该地区用水安全和可持续性,以六盘水典型矿业集中开发区为研究对象,于2015年9月共采集水样33件.运用水化学、相关性分析和离子比值法等进行了综合研究,结果表明:地下水化学类型大多为Ca-HCO_3型,部分为Ca-SO_4型;地表水大多为Ca-HCO_3、Ca-SO_4型;矿井水为NaHCO_3,而酸性矿山排水为Ca-SO_4型.水体中Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)和HCO_3~-呈显著正相关性,主要由碳酸盐岩溶解控制,Na~+和K~+主要为硅酸盐岩溶解,Cl~-主要来源于城镇生活污水,NO_3~-主要受农业生产影响,SO_4~(2-)来源多样.矿业活动、城镇化和农业生产影响了水体离子组成,矿业活动还会加速碳酸盐岩的溶解,三者使水体水化学类型发生明显变化.喀斯特岩溶关键带人类活动复合影响下,矿业活动是岩溶水系统中水化学特征变化的关键驱动因子.
The surface water and groundwater which are critical resources for daily life, industrial and agricultural production exchange frequently in Liupanshui mining area.To ensure the security and sustainability of water system in the karst critical zone,thirty-three water samples were collected from the typical Liupanshui mining area in September 2015. They were analyzed by using the methods of hydrochemistry, correlation analysis and ion ratios. The results show most groundwater hydrochemical type was CaHCO_3 type, and some was Ca-SO_4 type. Most surface water was Ca-HCO_3 type and Ca-SO_4 type. Differently, the mine waste water was Na-HCO_3 type and the acid mine waste water was Ca-SO_4 type. There was a significant positive correlation between Ca~(2+), Mg~(2+)and HCO_3~- which was mainly controlled by reaction between water and carbonate, and some Na~+ and K~+ were controlled by reaction between water and silicate. The sources of Cl-were mainly sewage, most of NO_3~- were affected by agricultural production, and SO_4~(2-) came from multiple sources. Mining activities, urbanization and agricultural production have affected the compositions of water ions, in addition mining activities have accelerated the dissolution of carbonate. These three factors have made significant changes in the hydrochemistry types. Under these compound influences affected by human activities,mining activities are the key driving factors for the changes of hydrochemical characteristics in water system of the karst critical zone.
The surface water and groundwater which are critical resources for daily life, industrial and agricultural production exchange frequently in Liupanshui mining area.To ensure the security and sustainability of water system in the karst critical zone,thirty-three water samples were collected from the typical Liupanshui mining area in September 2015. They were analyzed by using the methods of hydrochemistry, correlation analysis and ion ratios. The results show most groundwater hydrochemical type was CaHCO_3 type, and some was Ca-SO_4 type. Most surface water was Ca-HCO_3 type and Ca-SO_4 type. Differently, the mine waste water was Na-HCO_3 type and the acid mine waste water was Ca-SO_4 type. There was a significant positive correlation between Ca~(2+), Mg~(2+)and HCO_3~- which was mainly controlled by reaction between water and carbonate, and some Na~+ and K~+ were controlled by reaction between water and silicate. The sources of Cl-were mainly sewage, most of NO_3~- were affected by agricultural production, and SO_4~(2-) came from multiple sources. Mining activities, urbanization and agricultural production have affected the compositions of water ions, in addition mining activities have accelerated the dissolution of carbonate. These three factors have made significant changes in the hydrochemistry types. Under these compound influences affected by human activities,mining activities are the key driving factors for the changes of hydrochemical characteristics in water system of the karst critical zone.
引文
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Cao,J.H.,Yuan,D.X.,Tong,L.Q.,et al.,2015.An Overview of Karst Ecosystem in Southwest China:Current State and Future Management.Journal of Resources and Ecology,6(4):247-256.https://doi.org/10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2015.04.008
Caschetto,M.,Colombani,N.,Mastrocicco,M.,et al.,2017.Nitrogen and Sulphur Cycling in the Saline Coastal Aquifer of Ferrara,Italy.A Multi-Isotope Approach.Applied Geochemistry,76:88-98.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2016.11.014
Cheung,K.,Klassen,P.,Mayer,B.,et al.,2010.Major Ion and Isotope Geochemistry of Fluids and Gases from Coalbed Methane and Shallow Groundwater Wells in Alberta,Canada.Applied Geochemistry,25(9):1307-1329.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.06.002
Gutiérrez,F.,Gutiérrez,M.,2016.Landforms of the Earth:An Illustrated Guide.Springer International Publishing,Switzerland.
Han,G.L.,Liu,C.Q.,2004.Water Geochemistry Controlled by Carbonate Dissolution:A Study of the River Waters Draining Karst-Dominated Terrain,Guizhou Province,China.Chemical Geology,204(1-2):1-21.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2003.09.009
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Hendry,M.J.,Cherry,J.A.,Wallick,E.I.,1986.Origin and Distribution of Sulfate in a Fractured till in Southern Alberta,Canada.Water Resources Research,22(1):45-61.https://doi.org/10.1029/wr022i001p00045
Hosono,T.,Tokunaga,T.,Tsushima,A.,et al.,2014.Combined Use ofδ13C,δ15N,andδ34S Tracers to Study Anaerobic Bacterial Processes in Groundwater Flow Systems.Water Research,54:284-296.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.02.005
Jia,Y.N.,Yuan,D.X.,2004.The Influence of Land Use Change on Karst Water Quality of Shuicheng Basin in Guizhou Province.Journal of Geographical Sciences,14(2):143-150.https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02837529
Kalhor,K.,Ghasemizadeh,R.,Rajic,L.,et al.,2019.Assessment of Groundwater Quality and Remediation in Karst Aquifers:A Review.Groundwater for Sustainable Development,8:104-121.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2018.10.004
Li,H.,Wen,Z.,Xie,X.J.,et al.,2017.Hydrochemical Characteristics and Evolution of Karst Groundwater in Sanqiao District of Guiyang City.Earth Science,42(5):804-812(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li,X.D.,Liu,C.Q.,Harue,M.,et al.,2010.The Use of Environmental Isotopic(C,Sr,S)and Hydrochemical Tracers to Characterize Anthropogenic Effects on Karst Groundwater Quality:A Case Study of the Shuicheng Basin,SW China.Applied Geochemistry,25(12):1924-1936.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.10.008
Li,X.X.,Wu,P.,Han,Z.W.,et al.,2016.Sources,Distributions of Fluoride in Waters and Its Influencing Factors from an Endemic Fluorosis Region in Central Guizhou,China.Environmental Earth Sciences,75(11):981-995.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-5779-y
Liu,X.L.,Liu,C.Q.,Li,S.L.,et al.,2010.Evaluation of Ground Water in Liupanshui City of Guizhou Province Based on the Determination ofδ13C and87Sr/86Sr.Chinese Journal of Ecology,29(5):978-984(in Chinese with English abstract).
Massmann,G.,Tichomirowa,M.,Merz,C.,et al.,2003.Sulfide Oxidation and Sulfate Reduction in a Shallow Groundwater System(Oderbruch Aquifer,Germany).Journal of Hydrology,278(1-4):231-243.https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1694(03)00153-7
Pauwels,H.,Ayraud-Vergnaud,V.,Aquilina,L.,et al.,2010a.The Fate of Nitrogen and Sulfur in Hard-Rock Aquifers as Shown by Sulfate-Isotope Tracing.Applied Geochemistry,25(1):105-115.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.11.001
Pauwels,H.,Pettenati,M.,Greffié,C.,2010b.The Combined Effect of Abandoned Mines and Agriculture on Groundwater Chemistry.Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,115(1-4):64-78.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2010.04.003
Pu,J.B.,Cao,M.,Zhang,Y.Z.,et al.,2014.Hydrochemical Indications of Human Impact on Karst Groundwater in a Subtropical Karst Area,Chongqing,China.Environmental Earth Sciences,72(5):1683-1695.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3073-4
Puig,R.,Folch,A.,Menció,A.,et al.,2013.Multi-Isotopic Study(15N,34S,18O,13C)to Identify Processes Affecting Nitrate and Sulfate in Response to Local and Regional Groundwater Mixing in a Large-Scale Flow System.Applied Geochemistry,32:129-141.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.10.014
Qi,F.Q.,2017.Main Types and Characteristics of Groundwater in Liupanshui.Resource Information and Engineering,32(3):77-78(in Chinese with English abstract).
Rashid,A.,Khattak,S.A.,Ali,L.,et al.,2019.Geochemical Profile and Source Identification of Surface and Groundwater Pollution of District Chitral,Northern Pakistan.Microchemical Journal,145:1058-1065.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2018.12.025
Schilling,K.E.,Jacobson,P.J.,Vogelgesang,J.A.,2015.Agricultural Conversion of Floodplain Ecosystems:Implications for Groundwater Quality.Journal of Environmental Management,153:74-83.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.02.004
Shi,B.,2016.Coal Resource Potential Evaluation in Liupanshui Coalfield,Guizhou Province.Coal Quality Technology,(3):26-33(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sun,J.,Kobayashi,T.,Strosnider,W.H.J.,et al.,2017.Stable Sulfur and Oxygen Isotopes as Geochemical Tracers of Sulfate in Karst Waters.Journal of Hydrology,551:245-252.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.06.006
Sutton,J.E.,Screaton,E.J.,Martin,J.B.,2014.Insights on Surface-Water/Groundwater Exchange in the Upper Floridan Aquifer,North-Central Florida(USA),from Streamflow Data and Numerical Modeling.Hydrogeology Journal,23(2):305-317.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-014-1213-2
Touhari,F.,Meddi,M.,Mehaiguene,M.,et al.,2014.Hydrogeochemical Assessment of the Upper Cheliff Groundwater(North West Algeria).Environmental Earth Sciences,73(7):3043-3061.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3598-6
World Health Organization,2008.Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality,Second Edition.World Health Organization,Geneva.https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/2edvol1i.pdf
Wu,P.,Tang,C.Y.,Zhu,L.J.,et al.,2009.Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of Surface Water and Groundwater in the Karst Basin,Southwest China.Hydrological Processes,23(14):2012-2022.https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7332
Wu,Y.,Luo,Z.H.,Luo,W.,et al.,2018.Multiple Isotope Geochemistry and Hydrochemical Monitoring of Karst Water in a Rapidly Urbanized Region.Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,218:44-58.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2018.10.009
Yu,H.T.,Ma,T.,Deng,Y.M.,et al.,2017.Hydrochemical Characteristics of Shallow Groundwater in Eastern Jianghan Plain.Earth Science,42(5):685-692(in Chinese with English abstract).
曹建华,蒋忠诚,袁道先,等,2017.岩溶动力系统与全球变化研究进展.中国地质,44(5):874-900.
李华,文章,谢先军,等,2017.贵阳市三桥地区岩溶地下水水化学特征及其演化规律.地球科学,42(5):804-812.
刘小龙,刘丛强,李思亮,等,2010.碳与锶同位素在六盘水地下水研究中的应用.生态学杂志,29(5):978-984.
祁芙前,2017.六盘水市主要地下水类型及特征.资源信息与工程,32(3):77-78.
石碧,2016.贵州省六盘水煤田煤炭资源潜力评价.煤质技术,(3):26-33.
於昊天,马腾,邓娅敏,等,2017.江汉平原东部地区浅层地下水水化学特征.地球科学,42(5):685-692.
Cao,J.H.,Jiang,Z.C.,Yuan,D.X.,et al.,2017.The Progress in the Study of the Karst Dynamic System and Global Changes in the Past 30 Years.Geology in China,44(5):874-900(in Chinese with English abstract).
Cao,J.H.,Yuan,D.X.,Tong,L.Q.,et al.,2015.An Overview of Karst Ecosystem in Southwest China:Current State and Future Management.Journal of Resources and Ecology,6(4):247-256.https://doi.org/10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2015.04.008
Caschetto,M.,Colombani,N.,Mastrocicco,M.,et al.,2017.Nitrogen and Sulphur Cycling in the Saline Coastal Aquifer of Ferrara,Italy.A Multi-Isotope Approach.Applied Geochemistry,76:88-98.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2016.11.014
Cheung,K.,Klassen,P.,Mayer,B.,et al.,2010.Major Ion and Isotope Geochemistry of Fluids and Gases from Coalbed Methane and Shallow Groundwater Wells in Alberta,Canada.Applied Geochemistry,25(9):1307-1329.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.06.002
Gutiérrez,F.,Gutiérrez,M.,2016.Landforms of the Earth:An Illustrated Guide.Springer International Publishing,Switzerland.
Han,G.L.,Liu,C.Q.,2004.Water Geochemistry Controlled by Carbonate Dissolution:A Study of the River Waters Draining Karst-Dominated Terrain,Guizhou Province,China.Chemical Geology,204(1-2):1-21.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2003.09.009
Hartmann,A.,Goldscheider,N.,Wagener,T.,et al.,2014.Karst Water Resources in a Changing World:Review of Hydrological Modeling Approaches.Reviews of Geophysics,52(3):218-242.https://doi.org/10.1002/2013rg000443
Hendry,M.J.,Cherry,J.A.,Wallick,E.I.,1986.Origin and Distribution of Sulfate in a Fractured till in Southern Alberta,Canada.Water Resources Research,22(1):45-61.https://doi.org/10.1029/wr022i001p00045
Hosono,T.,Tokunaga,T.,Tsushima,A.,et al.,2014.Combined Use ofδ13C,δ15N,andδ34S Tracers to Study Anaerobic Bacterial Processes in Groundwater Flow Systems.Water Research,54:284-296.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.02.005
Jia,Y.N.,Yuan,D.X.,2004.The Influence of Land Use Change on Karst Water Quality of Shuicheng Basin in Guizhou Province.Journal of Geographical Sciences,14(2):143-150.https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02837529
Kalhor,K.,Ghasemizadeh,R.,Rajic,L.,et al.,2019.Assessment of Groundwater Quality and Remediation in Karst Aquifers:A Review.Groundwater for Sustainable Development,8:104-121.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2018.10.004
Li,H.,Wen,Z.,Xie,X.J.,et al.,2017.Hydrochemical Characteristics and Evolution of Karst Groundwater in Sanqiao District of Guiyang City.Earth Science,42(5):804-812(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li,X.D.,Liu,C.Q.,Harue,M.,et al.,2010.The Use of Environmental Isotopic(C,Sr,S)and Hydrochemical Tracers to Characterize Anthropogenic Effects on Karst Groundwater Quality:A Case Study of the Shuicheng Basin,SW China.Applied Geochemistry,25(12):1924-1936.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.10.008
Li,X.X.,Wu,P.,Han,Z.W.,et al.,2016.Sources,Distributions of Fluoride in Waters and Its Influencing Factors from an Endemic Fluorosis Region in Central Guizhou,China.Environmental Earth Sciences,75(11):981-995.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-5779-y
Liu,X.L.,Liu,C.Q.,Li,S.L.,et al.,2010.Evaluation of Ground Water in Liupanshui City of Guizhou Province Based on the Determination ofδ13C and87Sr/86Sr.Chinese Journal of Ecology,29(5):978-984(in Chinese with English abstract).
Massmann,G.,Tichomirowa,M.,Merz,C.,et al.,2003.Sulfide Oxidation and Sulfate Reduction in a Shallow Groundwater System(Oderbruch Aquifer,Germany).Journal of Hydrology,278(1-4):231-243.https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1694(03)00153-7
Pauwels,H.,Ayraud-Vergnaud,V.,Aquilina,L.,et al.,2010a.The Fate of Nitrogen and Sulfur in Hard-Rock Aquifers as Shown by Sulfate-Isotope Tracing.Applied Geochemistry,25(1):105-115.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.11.001
Pauwels,H.,Pettenati,M.,Greffié,C.,2010b.The Combined Effect of Abandoned Mines and Agriculture on Groundwater Chemistry.Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,115(1-4):64-78.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2010.04.003
Pu,J.B.,Cao,M.,Zhang,Y.Z.,et al.,2014.Hydrochemical Indications of Human Impact on Karst Groundwater in a Subtropical Karst Area,Chongqing,China.Environmental Earth Sciences,72(5):1683-1695.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3073-4
Puig,R.,Folch,A.,Menció,A.,et al.,2013.Multi-Isotopic Study(15N,34S,18O,13C)to Identify Processes Affecting Nitrate and Sulfate in Response to Local and Regional Groundwater Mixing in a Large-Scale Flow System.Applied Geochemistry,32:129-141.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.10.014
Qi,F.Q.,2017.Main Types and Characteristics of Groundwater in Liupanshui.Resource Information and Engineering,32(3):77-78(in Chinese with English abstract).
Rashid,A.,Khattak,S.A.,Ali,L.,et al.,2019.Geochemical Profile and Source Identification of Surface and Groundwater Pollution of District Chitral,Northern Pakistan.Microchemical Journal,145:1058-1065.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2018.12.025
Schilling,K.E.,Jacobson,P.J.,Vogelgesang,J.A.,2015.Agricultural Conversion of Floodplain Ecosystems:Implications for Groundwater Quality.Journal of Environmental Management,153:74-83.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.02.004
Shi,B.,2016.Coal Resource Potential Evaluation in Liupanshui Coalfield,Guizhou Province.Coal Quality Technology,(3):26-33(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sun,J.,Kobayashi,T.,Strosnider,W.H.J.,et al.,2017.Stable Sulfur and Oxygen Isotopes as Geochemical Tracers of Sulfate in Karst Waters.Journal of Hydrology,551:245-252.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.06.006
Sutton,J.E.,Screaton,E.J.,Martin,J.B.,2014.Insights on Surface-Water/Groundwater Exchange in the Upper Floridan Aquifer,North-Central Florida(USA),from Streamflow Data and Numerical Modeling.Hydrogeology Journal,23(2):305-317.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-014-1213-2
Touhari,F.,Meddi,M.,Mehaiguene,M.,et al.,2014.Hydrogeochemical Assessment of the Upper Cheliff Groundwater(North West Algeria).Environmental Earth Sciences,73(7):3043-3061.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3598-6
World Health Organization,2008.Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality,Second Edition.World Health Organization,Geneva.https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/2edvol1i.pdf
Wu,P.,Tang,C.Y.,Zhu,L.J.,et al.,2009.Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of Surface Water and Groundwater in the Karst Basin,Southwest China.Hydrological Processes,23(14):2012-2022.https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7332
Wu,Y.,Luo,Z.H.,Luo,W.,et al.,2018.Multiple Isotope Geochemistry and Hydrochemical Monitoring of Karst Water in a Rapidly Urbanized Region.Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,218:44-58.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2018.10.009
Yu,H.T.,Ma,T.,Deng,Y.M.,et al.,2017.Hydrochemical Characteristics of Shallow Groundwater in Eastern Jianghan Plain.Earth Science,42(5):685-692(in Chinese with English abstract).
曹建华,蒋忠诚,袁道先,等,2017.岩溶动力系统与全球变化研究进展.中国地质,44(5):874-900.
李华,文章,谢先军,等,2017.贵阳市三桥地区岩溶地下水水化学特征及其演化规律.地球科学,42(5):804-812.
刘小龙,刘丛强,李思亮,等,2010.碳与锶同位素在六盘水地下水研究中的应用.生态学杂志,29(5):978-984.
祁芙前,2017.六盘水市主要地下水类型及特征.资源信息与工程,32(3):77-78.
石碧,2016.贵州省六盘水煤田煤炭资源潜力评价.煤质技术,(3):26-33.
於昊天,马腾,邓娅敏,等,2017.江汉平原东部地区浅层地下水水化学特征.地球科学,42(5):685-692.
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