生物炭中溶解性有机质对污染物环境行为的影响
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摘要
生物炭的广阔应用前景吸引了研究者的广泛关注。生物炭中具有显著流动性的溶解性有机质(Biochar-derived dissolved organic matter,BDOM)作为一种高效的吸附载体,对污染物迁移的影响显著,是了解生物炭环境效应的关键。然而,原料来源及热解温度与BDOM的特性之间的关联性,以及BDOM与污染物相互作用的机制尚未明确。因此,文章通过综述原料及热解温度对BDOM特性的影响,以明确BDOM影响污染物环境行为机制的研究现状。有关研究表明:(1)生物质原料中木质素含量越高,BDOM C含量越高,官能团种类更加丰富,芳香性更强,而产率则越低;(2)随热解温度的升高,BDOM中C含量增加、芳香性增强,而产率及含氧官能团种类降低;(3)BDOM与疏水性有机污染物形成致密的类胶体结构,使疏水性有机污染物的溶解度提高,从而使疏水性有机污染物更容易被降解;(4)BDOM通过增加土壤中溶解性有机质的含量,从而形成新的吸附位点(如羧基官能团),以促进土壤对重金属或有机污染物的固持;(5)BDOM与重金属发生络合或氧化还原作用,影响重金属形态,从而改变土壤中重金属的毒性和生物有效性。该文可为全面评估生物炭在土壤污染修复应用中的功能提供参考。
The prospect of the wide practical applications of biochar has attracted great attention.As an efficient absorbent carrier,biochar-derived dissolved organic matter(BDOM)is highly mobile and has key role in the immigration of pollutants,which is critical in the understanding of environmental impact of biochar.However,the relationship between substrates,pyrolysis temperature and the characteristics of BDOM,as well as the interactions of BDOM and pollutants,are still unclear.In this paper,current statue of the impact of BDOM on the environmental behavior of pollutants has been reviewed.It shows that(1)with the increase of lignin content in substrates,carbon content,species of the functional groups and aromaticity of BDOM increase,while the yield of BDOM decreases;(2)with the increase of pyrolysis temperature,carbon content and aromaticity of BDOM increase,while the yield and species of the functional groups of BDOM decrease;(3)BDOM combined with hydrophobic organic pollutants may form dense colloidal structure,which increase the solubility of organic pollutants and make them easier to be degraded;(4)BDOM may form new absorption sites(i.e.,carboxyl functional groups)through increasing dissoluble organic content in soil,which facilitates the fixation of heavy metals and organic pollutants;And(5)BDOM may affect species of heavy metals in complexation and redox reaction,which change toxicity and bioavailability of heavy metals in soil.This review may facilitate the overall assessment of the functions of biochar in the remediation of polluted soils.
The prospect of the wide practical applications of biochar has attracted great attention.As an efficient absorbent carrier,biochar-derived dissolved organic matter(BDOM)is highly mobile and has key role in the immigration of pollutants,which is critical in the understanding of environmental impact of biochar.However,the relationship between substrates,pyrolysis temperature and the characteristics of BDOM,as well as the interactions of BDOM and pollutants,are still unclear.In this paper,current statue of the impact of BDOM on the environmental behavior of pollutants has been reviewed.It shows that(1)with the increase of lignin content in substrates,carbon content,species of the functional groups and aromaticity of BDOM increase,while the yield of BDOM decreases;(2)with the increase of pyrolysis temperature,carbon content and aromaticity of BDOM increase,while the yield and species of the functional groups of BDOM decrease;(3)BDOM combined with hydrophobic organic pollutants may form dense colloidal structure,which increase the solubility of organic pollutants and make them easier to be degraded;(4)BDOM may form new absorption sites(i.e.,carboxyl functional groups)through increasing dissoluble organic content in soil,which facilitates the fixation of heavy metals and organic pollutants;And(5)BDOM may affect species of heavy metals in complexation and redox reaction,which change toxicity and bioavailability of heavy metals in soil.This review may facilitate the overall assessment of the functions of biochar in the remediation of polluted soils.
引文
AHMAD M,RAJAPAKSHA A U,LIM J E,et al.,2014.Biochar as a sorbent for contaminant management in soil and water:a review[J].Chemosphere,99(3):19-33.
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DONG X,MA L Q,GRESS J,et al.,2014.Enhanced Cr(Ⅵ)reduction and As(Ⅲ)oxidation in ice phase:important role of dissolved organic matter from biochar[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,267(3):62-70.FENG X,ANDER S J,SIMPSON M J,et al.,2005.Chemical and mineralogical controls on humic acid sorption to clay mineral surfaces[J].Organic Geochemistry,36(11):1553-1566.
FU H,LIU H,MAO J,et al.,2015.Photochemistry of Dissolved Black Carbon Released from Biochar:Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Phototransformation[J].Environmental Science&Technology,50(3):1218.
FU H Y,WEI C H,QU X L,et al.,2018.Strong binding of apolar hydrophobic organic contaminants by dissolved black carbon released from biochar:A mechanism of pseudomicelle partition and environmental implications[J].Environmental Pollution,232:402-410.
GRABER E R,HAREL Y M,KOLTON M,et al.,2010.Biochar impact ondevelopment and productivity of pepper and tomato grown in fertigated soilless media[J].Plant and Soil,337(1-2):481-496.
HAHAM H,OREN A,CHEFETZ B,et al.,2012.Insight into the role of dissolved organic matter in sorption of sulfapyridine by semiarid soils[J].Environmental Science&Technology,46(21):11870-11807.
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HUANG M,LI Z W,LUO N L,et al.,2018.Application potential of biochar in environment:Insight from degradation of biochar-derived DOM and complexation of DOM with heavy metals[J].Science of the Total Environment,646:220-228.
INYANG M,DICKENSON E,2015.The potential role of biochar in the removal of organic and microbial contaminants from potable and reuse water:A review[J].Chemosphere,134(5):232-240.
JIN J,SUN K,LIU W,et al.,2018.Isolation and characterization of'biochar-derived organic matter fractions and their phenanthrene sorption[J].Environmental Pollution,236:745-753.
JOHANNES L, YORK N,STEPHEN J,et al.,2015.Biochar for Environmental Management:Science,Technology and Implementation[J].Science and Technology,25(1):15801-15811.
KAISER K,1998.Fractionation of dissolved organic matter affected by polyvalent metal cations[J].Organic Geochemistry,28(12):849-854.
KIM H B,KIM S H,JEON E K,et al.,2018.Effect of dissolved organic carbon from sludge,Rice straw and spent coffee ground biochar on the mobility of arsenic in soil[J].Science of The Total Environment,636:1241-1248.
KOPINKE F D,GEORGI A,MACKENZIE K,et al.,2001.Sorption of pyrene to dissolved humic substances and related model polymers.1.Structure--property correlation[J].Environmental Science&Technology,35(12):2536-2542.
LAUGHLIN J,MCELLIGOTT K,2009.Biochar for Environmental Management:Science and Technology[J].Forest Policy&Economics,11(7):535-536.
LI G,KHAN S,IBRAHIM M,et al.,2018.Biochars induced modification of dissolved organic matter(DOM)in soil and its impact on mobility and bioaccumulation of arsenic and cadmium[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,348(20):100-108.
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MUKHERJEE A,ZIMMERMAN A R,HARRIS W,et al.,2011.Surface chemistry variations among a series of laboratory-produced biochars[J].Geoderma,163(3-4):250-255.
PENG L,PTACEK C J,BLOWES D W,2018.Mercury Complexation with Dissolved Organic Matter Released from Thirty-Six Types of Biochar[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology:1-6.POERSCHMANN J,WEINER B,WEDWITSCHKA H,et al.,2015.
Characterization of biochars and dissolved organic matter phases obtained upon hydrothermal carbonization of Elodea nuttallii[J].Bioresource Technology,189:145-153.
QIAN L B,ZHANG W Y,YAN J C,et al.,2016.Effective removal of heavy metal by biochar colloids under different pyrolysis temperatures[J].Bioresource Technology,206:217-224.
QU X L,FU H Y,MAO J D,et al.,2016.Chemical and structural properties of dissolved black carbon released from biochars[J].Carbon,96:759-767.
TANG J F,LI X H,LUO Y,et al.,2016.Spectroscopic characterization of dissolved organic matter derived from different biochars and their polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)binding affinity[J].Chemosphere,152:399-406.
UCHIMIYA M,OHON T,HE Z Q,et al.,2013.Pyrolysis temperature-dependent release of dissolved organic carbon from plant,manure,and biorefinery wastes[J].Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis,104:84-94.
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WU H M,DONG X Y,LIU H,et al.,2018.Evaluating fluorescent dissolved organic matter released from wetland-plant derived biochar:Effects of extracting solutions[J].Chemosphere,212:638-644.
YANG H P,YAN R,CHEN H P,et al.,2007.Characteristics of Hemicellulose,Cellulose and Lignin Pyrolysis[J].Fuel,86(12):1781-1788.
ZHAI X Q,LI Z W,HUANG B,et al.,2018.Remediation of multiple heavy metal-contaminated soil through the combination of soil washing and in situ immobilization[J].Science of the Total Environment,635:92-99.
ZIOLKOWSKI L A,DRUFFEL E R M,2010.Aged black carbon identified in marine dissolved organic carbon[J].Geophysical Research Letters,37(16):1-4.
戴亮,任珺,陶玲,等,2017.不同热解温度下污泥基生物炭的性质及对Cd2+的吸附特性[J].环境工程学报,11(7):4029-4035.DAI L,REN J,TAO L,et al.,2017.Properties of sewage sludge biochar produced under different pyrolysis temperatures and its sorption capability to Cd2+[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,11(7):4029-4035.
高凯芳,2016.原材料和温度对生物炭的理化特性及镉吸附能力的影响研究[D].南昌:江西师范大学.GAO K F,2016.Effects of raw materials and temperature on physical and chemical properties and cadmium adsorption capacity of biochar[D].Nanchang:Jiangxi Normal University.
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李飞跃,陶进国,汪建飞,等,2017.不同温度下制备花生壳生物炭的结构性质差异[J].环境工程学报,11(6):3726-3730.LI F Y,TAO J G,WANG J F,et al.,2017.Difference characteristics of biochar derived from peanut shell under different temperatures[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,11(6):3726-3730.
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CHEN Z M,CHEN B L,ZHOU D D,et al.,2012.Bisolute Sorption and Thermodynarmic Behavior of Organic Pollutants to Biomass-derived Biochars at Two Pyrolytic Temperatures[J].Environmental Science&Technology,46(22):12476-12483.
DING Q,WU H L,XU Y,et al.,2011.Impact of low molecular weight organic acids and dissolved organic matter on sorption and mobility of isoproturon in two soils[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,190(1-3):823-832.
DING Y,YAMASHITA Y,DODDS W K,et al,2013.Dissolved black carbon in grassland streams:Is there an effect of recent fire history[J].Chemosphere,90(10):2557-2562.
DONG X,MA L Q,GRESS J,et al.,2014.Enhanced Cr(Ⅵ)reduction and As(Ⅲ)oxidation in ice phase:important role of dissolved organic matter from biochar[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,267(3):62-70.FENG X,ANDER S J,SIMPSON M J,et al.,2005.Chemical and mineralogical controls on humic acid sorption to clay mineral surfaces[J].Organic Geochemistry,36(11):1553-1566.
FU H,LIU H,MAO J,et al.,2015.Photochemistry of Dissolved Black Carbon Released from Biochar:Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Phototransformation[J].Environmental Science&Technology,50(3):1218.
FU H Y,WEI C H,QU X L,et al.,2018.Strong binding of apolar hydrophobic organic contaminants by dissolved black carbon released from biochar:A mechanism of pseudomicelle partition and environmental implications[J].Environmental Pollution,232:402-410.
GRABER E R,HAREL Y M,KOLTON M,et al.,2010.Biochar impact ondevelopment and productivity of pepper and tomato grown in fertigated soilless media[J].Plant and Soil,337(1-2):481-496.
HAHAM H,OREN A,CHEFETZ B,et al.,2012.Insight into the role of dissolved organic matter in sorption of sulfapyridine by semiarid soils[J].Environmental Science&Technology,46(21):11870-11807.
HEDGES J I,2002.Why dissolved organics matter[C]//Hansell D A,Carlson C A,et al.Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter.San Diego:Academic Press:1-33.
HUANG M,LI Z W,LUO N L,et al.,2018.Application potential of biochar in environment:Insight from degradation of biochar-derived DOM and complexation of DOM with heavy metals[J].Science of the Total Environment,646:220-228.
INYANG M,DICKENSON E,2015.The potential role of biochar in the removal of organic and microbial contaminants from potable and reuse water:A review[J].Chemosphere,134(5):232-240.
JIN J,SUN K,LIU W,et al.,2018.Isolation and characterization of'biochar-derived organic matter fractions and their phenanthrene sorption[J].Environmental Pollution,236:745-753.
JOHANNES L, YORK N,STEPHEN J,et al.,2015.Biochar for Environmental Management:Science,Technology and Implementation[J].Science and Technology,25(1):15801-15811.
KAISER K,1998.Fractionation of dissolved organic matter affected by polyvalent metal cations[J].Organic Geochemistry,28(12):849-854.
KIM H B,KIM S H,JEON E K,et al.,2018.Effect of dissolved organic carbon from sludge,Rice straw and spent coffee ground biochar on the mobility of arsenic in soil[J].Science of The Total Environment,636:1241-1248.
KOPINKE F D,GEORGI A,MACKENZIE K,et al.,2001.Sorption of pyrene to dissolved humic substances and related model polymers.1.Structure--property correlation[J].Environmental Science&Technology,35(12):2536-2542.
LAUGHLIN J,MCELLIGOTT K,2009.Biochar for Environmental Management:Science and Technology[J].Forest Policy&Economics,11(7):535-536.
LI G,KHAN S,IBRAHIM M,et al.,2018.Biochars induced modification of dissolved organic matter(DOM)in soil and its impact on mobility and bioaccumulation of arsenic and cadmium[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,348(20):100-108.
LIU C H,CHU W Y,LI H,et al.,2019.Quantification and characterization of dissolved organic carbon from biochars[J].Geoderma,335:161-169.
LIU C,WANG H L,LI P H,et al.,2019.Biochar's impact on dissolved organic matter(DOM)export from a cropland soil during natural rainfalls[J].Science of The Total Environment,650(2):1988-1995.MASIELLO C A,DRUFFEL E,1998.Black Carbon in Deep-Sea Sediments[J].Science,280(5371):1911-1913.
MUKHERJEE A,ZIMMERMAN A R,HARRIS W,et al.,2011.Surface chemistry variations among a series of laboratory-produced biochars[J].Geoderma,163(3-4):250-255.
PENG L,PTACEK C J,BLOWES D W,2018.Mercury Complexation with Dissolved Organic Matter Released from Thirty-Six Types of Biochar[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology:1-6.POERSCHMANN J,WEINER B,WEDWITSCHKA H,et al.,2015.
Characterization of biochars and dissolved organic matter phases obtained upon hydrothermal carbonization of Elodea nuttallii[J].Bioresource Technology,189:145-153.
QIAN L B,ZHANG W Y,YAN J C,et al.,2016.Effective removal of heavy metal by biochar colloids under different pyrolysis temperatures[J].Bioresource Technology,206:217-224.
QU X L,FU H Y,MAO J D,et al.,2016.Chemical and structural properties of dissolved black carbon released from biochars[J].Carbon,96:759-767.
TANG J F,LI X H,LUO Y,et al.,2016.Spectroscopic characterization of dissolved organic matter derived from different biochars and their polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)binding affinity[J].Chemosphere,152:399-406.
UCHIMIYA M,OHON T,HE Z Q,et al.,2013.Pyrolysis temperature-dependent release of dissolved organic carbon from plant,manure,and biorefinery wastes[J].Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis,104:84-94.
WEI J,TU C,YUAN G,et al.,2018.Pyrolysis Temperature-Dependent Changes in the Characteristics of Biochar-Borne Dissolved Organic Matter and Its Copper Binding Properties[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination&Toxicology,18:1-6.
WU H M,DONG X Y,LIU H,et al.,2018.Evaluating fluorescent dissolved organic matter released from wetland-plant derived biochar:Effects of extracting solutions[J].Chemosphere,212:638-644.
YANG H P,YAN R,CHEN H P,et al.,2007.Characteristics of Hemicellulose,Cellulose and Lignin Pyrolysis[J].Fuel,86(12):1781-1788.
ZHAI X Q,LI Z W,HUANG B,et al.,2018.Remediation of multiple heavy metal-contaminated soil through the combination of soil washing and in situ immobilization[J].Science of the Total Environment,635:92-99.
ZIOLKOWSKI L A,DRUFFEL E R M,2010.Aged black carbon identified in marine dissolved organic carbon[J].Geophysical Research Letters,37(16):1-4.
戴亮,任珺,陶玲,等,2017.不同热解温度下污泥基生物炭的性质及对Cd2+的吸附特性[J].环境工程学报,11(7):4029-4035.DAI L,REN J,TAO L,et al.,2017.Properties of sewage sludge biochar produced under different pyrolysis temperatures and its sorption capability to Cd2+[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,11(7):4029-4035.
高凯芳,2016.原材料和温度对生物炭的理化特性及镉吸附能力的影响研究[D].南昌:江西师范大学.GAO K F,2016.Effects of raw materials and temperature on physical and chemical properties and cadmium adsorption capacity of biochar[D].Nanchang:Jiangxi Normal University.
黄国培,陈颖军,田崇国,等,2012.海洋溶解态黑碳的研究进展[J].地球科学进展,27(12):1326-1336.HUANG G P,CHEN Y J,TIAN C G,et al.,2012.Research progress of dissolved black carbon in seawater[J].Advances in Earth Science,27(12):1326-1336.
胡学玉,陆海楠,刘红伟,等,2013.不同裂解条件对生物炭稳定性的影响[J].环境科学与技术,36(8):1114.HU X Y,LU H N,LI H W,et al.,2013.Influence of pyrolysis conditions on stability of biochar[J].Environmental Science&Technology,36(8):11-14.
李飞跃,陶进国,汪建飞,等,2017.不同温度下制备花生壳生物炭的结构性质差异[J].环境工程学报,11(6):3726-3730.LI F Y,TAO J G,WANG J F,et al.,2017.Difference characteristics of biochar derived from peanut shell under different temperatures[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,11(6):3726-3730.
李晓娜,宋洋,贾明云,等,2017.生物质炭对有机污染物的吸附及机理研究进展[J].土壤学报,54(6):1313-1325.LI X N,SONG Y,JIA M Y,et al., 2017.A review of researches on biochar absorbing organic contaminants and its mechanism[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,54(6):1313-1325.
凌婉婷,徐建民,高彦征,等,2004.溶解性有机质对土壤中有机污染物环境行为的影响[J].应用生态学报,15(2):326-330.LING W T,XU J M,GAO Y Z,et al.,2004.Influence of dissolved organic matter(DOM)on environmental behaviors of organic pollutants in soils[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,15(2):326-330.
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