有机肥与化肥配施对土壤微生物及烟叶品质的影响
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摘要
在曲靖市宣威烟区,通过田间试验研究了两种有机肥与无机肥按不同比例配施对植烟土壤综合肥力、土壤微生物数量、云烟105烟叶综合品质的影响。结果表明:氨基酸菜籽饼肥和甲壳素氨基酸有机肥与无机肥按不同比例配施均能在一定程度上提高土壤微生物数量和土壤综合肥力;在烤烟生长发育期间,所有处理植烟土壤中微生物数量均呈先增加后降低的变化趋势,且均在现蕾期达到最大值;与施用烟草专用复合肥(CK)相比,30%甲壳素氨基酸有机肥与70%无机肥混施处理能显著提高烤烟现蕾期土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量(P<0.05),分别提高了490.90%、93.02%和39.58%;该配施处理还使植烟土壤综合肥力和烟叶综合品质分别较CK提高了22.64%和10.71%。
A field experiment was carried out to study the effects of the combined application of two kinds of organic fertilizers( chitin amino acid organic fertilizer and amino acid rapeseed cake fertilizer) and inorganic chemical fertilizer in various proportions on the soil comprehensive fertility,soil microorganism quantity,and tobacco leaf( Yunyan 105) comprehensive quality in Xuanwei,Qujing city. The results showed that the combined application of two kinds of organic fertilizers and inorganic chemical fertilizer in different proportions all could increase the soil microorganism quantity and soil comprehensive fertility to a certain extent. In flue-cured tobacco growth and development period,the soil microorganism quantity in all treatments exhibited the change trend of increasing first and then decreasing,and it reached the maximum value at flower-bud stage. In comparison with the control( CK) which applied the compound fertilizer specially for tobacco,the combined application of 30% chitin amino acid organic fertilizer and 70% inorganic chemical fertilizer could significantly( P<0.05) enhance the quantity of soil bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes at tobacco flower-bud stage by 490.90%,93.02% and 39.58%,respectively,and also could improve the soil comprehensive fertility and tobacco leaf comprehensive quality by 22.64% and 10.71%,separately.
A field experiment was carried out to study the effects of the combined application of two kinds of organic fertilizers( chitin amino acid organic fertilizer and amino acid rapeseed cake fertilizer) and inorganic chemical fertilizer in various proportions on the soil comprehensive fertility,soil microorganism quantity,and tobacco leaf( Yunyan 105) comprehensive quality in Xuanwei,Qujing city. The results showed that the combined application of two kinds of organic fertilizers and inorganic chemical fertilizer in different proportions all could increase the soil microorganism quantity and soil comprehensive fertility to a certain extent. In flue-cured tobacco growth and development period,the soil microorganism quantity in all treatments exhibited the change trend of increasing first and then decreasing,and it reached the maximum value at flower-bud stage. In comparison with the control( CK) which applied the compound fertilizer specially for tobacco,the combined application of 30% chitin amino acid organic fertilizer and 70% inorganic chemical fertilizer could significantly( P<0.05) enhance the quantity of soil bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes at tobacco flower-bud stage by 490.90%,93.02% and 39.58%,respectively,and also could improve the soil comprehensive fertility and tobacco leaf comprehensive quality by 22.64% and 10.71%,separately.
引文
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[14]王艳芳,付风云,李家家,等.甲壳素对连作条件下平邑甜茶幼苗生长及土壤环境的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(19):6218-6225.
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[21]马强,宇万太,赵少华,等.黑土农田土壤肥力质量综合评价[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(10):1916-1920.
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[23]汪林,周冀衡,何伟,等.不同施肥措施对植烟土壤酶活性和供肥能力的影响[J].土壤,2012,44(2):302-307.
[24]詹刚,陈松,邓强,等.精制有机肥在烤烟上的应用效果研究[J].现代农业科技,2017(4):12,16.
[25]李姣,刘国顺,高琴,等.不同生物有机肥与烟草专用复合肥配施对烤烟根际土壤微生物及土壤酶活性的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2013,47(2):132-137.
[26]罗世琼,杨雪鸥,林俊青.施肥对烤烟土壤微生物群落结构多样性及蔗糖酶活性的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2013,41(7):124-128.
[27]徐凤花,崔古利,刘永春,等.保护性施氮在缓解大豆根际微生态障碍中的效应[J].生物技术,1998,8(3):41-44.
[28]吴建峰,林业贵.土壤微生物在促进植物生长方面的作用[J].土壤,2001(1):18-21.
[29]谢莉.有机肥对植烟土壤微生物活性及烤烟产量品质的影响[D].重庆:西南大学,2010.
[30]刘训理,王超,吴凡.烟草根际微生物研究[J].生态学报,2006,26(2):552-557.
[31]湛方栋,唐远驹,黄建国.烤烟根际微生物群落结构及其动态变化的研究[J].土壤学报,2007,42(3):488-494.
[32]金鑫,李碧宽,陆引罡,等.甲壳素有机肥对烤烟产量与质量的影响[J].浙江农业科学,2014(9):1361-1363.
[33]董俊霞,魏成熙,王晓峰,等.甲壳素有机肥对烤烟根际土壤微生物数量的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2010,38(2):109-111.
[34]郭红祥,刘卫群,姜占省.施用饼肥对烤烟根系土壤微生物的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2002,36(4):344-347.
[2]中国农业科学院烟草研究所.中国烟草栽培学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2005:43-115.
[3]吴建峰,林先贵.土壤微生物在促进植物生长方面的作用[J].土壤,2003(1):18-21.
[4]Joergensen R G,Emmefling C. Methods for evaluating human impact on soil microorganisms based on their activity,biomass,and diversity in agricultural soils[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,2006,169(3):295-309.
[5]赵吉.土壤健康的生物学监测与评价[J].土壤,2006,38(2):136-142.
[6]宋国菡,杨献营,潘吉焕.我国烤烟施肥现状、存在的问题及对策[J].中国烟草科学,1998(4):32-34.
[7]唐莉娜,熊德中.有机肥与化肥配施对烤烟生长发育的影响[J].烟草科技,2000(10):32-35.
[8]籍越,饶学明,刘卫群,等.芝麻饼肥与无机肥配比对烟草根系生长发育的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2003(3):241-244,256.
[9]张建国,聂俊华.复合生物有机肥在烤烟生产中的应用研究[J].中国植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(4):424-428.
[10]李军营,邓小鹏,杨坤,等.施用有机肥对植烟土壤理化性质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2012(3):12-16,34.
[11]装军,王文杰,刘文涛,等.不同种类有机肥对中烟100农艺性状和产质量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2010,31(5):34-37.
[12]王毅,瞿兴,杨跃,等.菜籽饼肥与化肥配合施用对烤烟生长及土壤养分的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2006,25(1):50-54.
[13]单武雄,罗文,肖润林,等.连续5年施菜籽饼肥和稻草覆盖对茶园土壤生态系统的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(3):472-476.
[14]王艳芳,付风云,李家家,等.甲壳素对连作条件下平邑甜茶幼苗生长及土壤环境的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(19):6218-6225.
[15]吴金水,林启美,黄巧云,等.土壤微生物生物量测定方法及其应用[M].北京:气象出版社,2006:4-7.
[16]蔡宪杰,王信民,尹启生.烤烟外观质量指标量化分析初探[J].烟草科技,2004(6):37-39.
[17]王彦亭,谢剑平,李志宏.中国烟草种植区划[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:3.
[18]李晓婷,亚平,何元胜,等.云南省临沧烟区烤烟化学成分特征及空间分布[J].烟草科技,2013(1):53-57.
[19]骆伯胜,钟继洪,陈俊坚.土壤养分数值化综合评价研究[J].土壤,2004,36(1):104-106.
[20]李卫,周冀衡,张一扬,等.云南曲靖烟区土壤肥力状况综合评价[J].中国烟草学报,2010,16(2):61-65.
[21]马强,宇万太,赵少华,等.黑土农田土壤肥力质量综合评价[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(10):1916-1920.
[22]陈玉国,李小杰,王海涛,等.烟田有机肥配施对烤烟抗病性和品质的影响[J].河南农业科学,2015,44(6):38-42.
[23]汪林,周冀衡,何伟,等.不同施肥措施对植烟土壤酶活性和供肥能力的影响[J].土壤,2012,44(2):302-307.
[24]詹刚,陈松,邓强,等.精制有机肥在烤烟上的应用效果研究[J].现代农业科技,2017(4):12,16.
[25]李姣,刘国顺,高琴,等.不同生物有机肥与烟草专用复合肥配施对烤烟根际土壤微生物及土壤酶活性的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2013,47(2):132-137.
[26]罗世琼,杨雪鸥,林俊青.施肥对烤烟土壤微生物群落结构多样性及蔗糖酶活性的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2013,41(7):124-128.
[27]徐凤花,崔古利,刘永春,等.保护性施氮在缓解大豆根际微生态障碍中的效应[J].生物技术,1998,8(3):41-44.
[28]吴建峰,林业贵.土壤微生物在促进植物生长方面的作用[J].土壤,2001(1):18-21.
[29]谢莉.有机肥对植烟土壤微生物活性及烤烟产量品质的影响[D].重庆:西南大学,2010.
[30]刘训理,王超,吴凡.烟草根际微生物研究[J].生态学报,2006,26(2):552-557.
[31]湛方栋,唐远驹,黄建国.烤烟根际微生物群落结构及其动态变化的研究[J].土壤学报,2007,42(3):488-494.
[32]金鑫,李碧宽,陆引罡,等.甲壳素有机肥对烤烟产量与质量的影响[J].浙江农业科学,2014(9):1361-1363.
[33]董俊霞,魏成熙,王晓峰,等.甲壳素有机肥对烤烟根际土壤微生物数量的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2010,38(2):109-111.
[34]郭红祥,刘卫群,姜占省.施用饼肥对烤烟根系土壤微生物的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2002,36(4):344-347.