基于东北地区耕地增减变化的资源环境保护策略
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摘要
耕地和生态用地是维持生态安全和可持续发展的重要屏障,研究其动态变化特征及转化关系,将为生态环境保护决策提供依据。以东北地区为实证区,采用1990、1995、2000、2005、2010、2015年6期Landsat遥感影像为数据源,利用耕地动态度和土地利用转变矩阵量化数量变化。研究结果表明:东北地区生态用地转化为耕地是耕地转化为生态用地的3.11倍,生态用地中主要是林地和草地与耕地转化相对活跃,水域与耕地间的转化面积相对较小;黑龙江省和吉林省耕地面积的增减变化均使得生态用地逐期减少,仍需加强未利用地的合理开发;建设用地通过占用耕地扩张迅速,耕地流向生态用地变少;生态用地流向耕地和耕地流向建设用地的土地流动格局使东北地区生态用地面临巨大的压力;严格控制草地开垦和建设用地的无序扩张、严禁毁林开荒是未来东北地区加强土地资源保护、促进经济与生态协调发展的有效途径。
The cultivated land and the ecological land are important factors to maintain the ecological security and the sustainable development. Identifying their dynamic evolution and the transformation relationship will provide a decision-making basis for the ecological environment protection. With Jilin, Liaoning and Heilongjiang provinces in Northeast China as the empirical areas, this paper quantifies the change matrix between the cultivated land and the other types of land based on the Landsat remote sensing images of 1990, 1995, 2000,2005, 2010 and 2015 as the data sources. The results show that: in northeast China, the conversion of the ecological land into the cultivated land is 3.11 times of that of the cultivated land into the ecological land, where the forest land and the grassland are more active than the waters among the ecological land; the change of the cultivated land area reduces the ecological land step by step in Heilongjiang Province and Jilin Province, so it is desirable to emphasize the rational development of the unused land; the construction land has expanded rapidly through occupying the cultivated land, therefore the flow of the cultivated land to the ecological land is hampered; The flow pattern of ecological land to cultivated land and cultivated land to construction land made land resources face great pressure in Northeast China;Reducing grassland reclamation and controlling the disordered expansion of construction land were the vital methods to protect land resources; Moreover, preventing opening up wasteland and deforestation were also important to facilitate better coordinated development between economy and environment.
The cultivated land and the ecological land are important factors to maintain the ecological security and the sustainable development. Identifying their dynamic evolution and the transformation relationship will provide a decision-making basis for the ecological environment protection. With Jilin, Liaoning and Heilongjiang provinces in Northeast China as the empirical areas, this paper quantifies the change matrix between the cultivated land and the other types of land based on the Landsat remote sensing images of 1990, 1995, 2000,2005, 2010 and 2015 as the data sources. The results show that: in northeast China, the conversion of the ecological land into the cultivated land is 3.11 times of that of the cultivated land into the ecological land, where the forest land and the grassland are more active than the waters among the ecological land; the change of the cultivated land area reduces the ecological land step by step in Heilongjiang Province and Jilin Province, so it is desirable to emphasize the rational development of the unused land; the construction land has expanded rapidly through occupying the cultivated land, therefore the flow of the cultivated land to the ecological land is hampered; The flow pattern of ecological land to cultivated land and cultivated land to construction land made land resources face great pressure in Northeast China;Reducing grassland reclamation and controlling the disordered expansion of construction land were the vital methods to protect land resources; Moreover, preventing opening up wasteland and deforestation were also important to facilitate better coordinated development between economy and environment.
引文
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[2]Paudel B,Zhang Y L,Li S,et al.Review of studies on land use and land cover change in Nepal[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2016,13(4):643-660.
[3]Termorshuizen J W,Opdam P.Land scape services as a bridge between landscape ecology and sustainable development[J].Landscape Ecology,2009,24(8):1037-1052.
[4]龙花楼,刘永强,李婷婷,等.生态用地分类初步研究[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(1):1-7.Long Hualou,Liu Yongqiang,Li Tingting,et al.A primary study on ecological land use classification.Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2015,24(1):1-7.
[5]喻锋,李晓波,张丽君,等.中国生态用地研究:内涵、分类与时空格局[J].生态学报,2015,35(14):4931-4943.Yu Feng,Li Xiaobo,Zhang Lijun,et al.Study of ecological land in China:Conception,classification,and spatial temporal pattern[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(14):4931-4943.
[6]刘继来,刘彦随,李裕瑞.中国“三生空间”分类评价与时空格局分析[J].地理学报,2017,72(7):1290-1304.Liu Jilai,Liu Yansui,Li Yurui.Classification evaluation and spatial temporal analysis of"production-living-ecological"spaces in China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2017,72(7):1290-1304.
[7]李颖,冯玉,彭飞,等.基于地理探测器的天津市生态用地格局演变[J].经济地理,2017,37(12):180-189.Li Ying,Feng Yu,Peng Fei,et al.Pattern evolvement of ecological land in Tianjin based on geo-detector[J].Economic Geography,2017,37(12):180-189.
[8]管青春,郝晋珉,石雪洁,等.中国生态用地及生态系统服务价值变化研究[J].自然资源学报,2018,33(2):195-207.Guan Qingchun,Hao Jinmin,Shi Xuejie,et al.Study on the changes of ecological land and ecosystem service value in China[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2018,33(2):195-207.
[9]关小克,张凤荣,王秀丽,等.北京市生态用地空间演变与布局优化研究[J].地域研究与开发,2013,32(3):119-124.Guan Xiaoke,Zhang Fengrong,Wang Xiuli,et al.Spatial evolution of urban ecological land and its distribution optimization in Beijing[J].Areal Research and Development,2013,32(3):119-124.
[10]李晓燕,赵广敏,李宝毅.我国东北地区土地资源变化态势分析[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(5):68-74.Li Xiaoyan,Zhao Guangmin,Li Baoyi.Analysis of changing situation of land resources in Northeast China[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,17(5):68-74.
[11]郑涛,陈爽,张童.城市滨江地区生态用地演变及驱动因素分析--以长江南京段为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2019,28(5):1049-1058.Zheng Tao,Chen Shuang,Zhang Tong.Changes of ecological land and driving factors in urban riverside area:The case of Nanjing section of the Yangtze River[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2019,28(5):1049-1058.
[12]程维明,高晓雨,马廷,等.基于地貌分区的1990-2015年中国耕地时空特征变化分析[J].地理学报,2018,73(9):1613-1629.Cheng Weiming,Gao Xiaoyu,Ma Ting,et al.Spatial-temporal distribution of cropland in China based on geomorphologic regionalization during 1990-2015[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2018,73(9):1613-1629.
[13]曹隽隽,周勇,叶青清,等.江汉平原耕地资源空间格局变化分析[J].经济地理,2013,33(11):130-135.Cao Juanjuan,Zhou Yong,Ye Qingqing.Analysis of spatial pattern changes of cultivated land resource in Jianghan Plain[J].Economic Geography,2013,33(11):130-135.