西安市主要湖泊表层沉积物重金属污染及生态风险评估
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摘要
以西安市曲江池、太液池、兴庆湖、广运潭和未央湖为研究对象,基于地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对湖泊表层沉积物重金属(Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Cd、Mn和Ni)污染风险进行评价,并探讨湖泊污染来源。结果表明,湖泊沉积物中各重金属元素含量均高于陕西省土壤元素背景值,且分布具有明显的空间差异性;地累积指数法评价结果显示,曲江池、兴庆湖和广运潭的Zn均达到偏中度污染,太液池、广运潭和未央湖的Cd达到偏中度污染,兴庆湖Cd为偏重度污染;潜在生态风险指数法评价结果表明,研究区域重金属生态风险以Cd为主。五大湖泊的污染来源包括自然源和人为源。
This paper targets at researching the heavy metals in surface sediments of the five lakes( Qujiang Pool,Taiye Pool,Xingqing Lake,Guangyun Pool,Weiyang Lake) in Xi'an. The contents of heavy metals indicators( Cu,Zn,Pb,Cr,Cd,Mn and Ni) were analyzed. The geological accumulation index and potential ecological risk index were applied for assessing the status of sediment heavy metal pollution and the extent of potential ecological risk. The results are as follows: The average contents of heavy elements were higher than that in soil element background values of Shaanxi Province. The heavy metals contents distribution in the surface sediments varied in different regions. The results of geological accumulation index method showed that Zn and Cd pollution of lakes in Xi'an were serious. The potential ecological risk assessment indicated that Cd was the main heavy metal pollutant for the five lakes. Pollution sources of the five lakes included natural sources and anthropogenic sources.
This paper targets at researching the heavy metals in surface sediments of the five lakes( Qujiang Pool,Taiye Pool,Xingqing Lake,Guangyun Pool,Weiyang Lake) in Xi'an. The contents of heavy metals indicators( Cu,Zn,Pb,Cr,Cd,Mn and Ni) were analyzed. The geological accumulation index and potential ecological risk index were applied for assessing the status of sediment heavy metal pollution and the extent of potential ecological risk. The results are as follows: The average contents of heavy elements were higher than that in soil element background values of Shaanxi Province. The heavy metals contents distribution in the surface sediments varied in different regions. The results of geological accumulation index method showed that Zn and Cd pollution of lakes in Xi'an were serious. The potential ecological risk assessment indicated that Cd was the main heavy metal pollutant for the five lakes. Pollution sources of the five lakes included natural sources and anthropogenic sources.
引文
[1]郭泌汐,刘勇勤,张凡,等.西藏湖泊沉积物重金属元素特征及生态风险评估[J].环境科学,2016,37(2):490-498.
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[4]乌云,朝伦巴根,李畅游,等.乌梁素海表层沉积物营养元素及重金属空间分布特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011,25(4):143-148.
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[9]李涛,谭雪,买亚宗,等.海浪河流域重金属污染评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(1):111-118.
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[13]张连科,李海鹏,黄学敏,等.包头某铝厂周边土壤重金属的空间分布及来源解析[J].环境科学,2016,37(3):1139-1146.
[14]Wilding L P. Spatial variability:Its documentation,accommodation and implication to soil surveys[C]. Wageningen:Soil Spatial Variability,1985:166-194.
[15]Banerjee A D. Heavy metal levels and solid phase speciation in street dusts of Delhi,India[J]. Environmental Pollution,2003,123(1):95-105.
[16]秦鹏,阮丽,包跃跃,等.城市土壤重金属污染来源研究[J].环境科学与管理,2014,39(12):38-41.
[17]贾锐鱼,朱万勇,李楠,等.西安市公园土壤及灰尘中重金属污染与生态风险评价[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(5):316-320.
[18]段雪梅,蔡焕兴,巢文军.南京市表层土壤重金属污染特征及污染来源[J].环境科学与管理,2010,35(10):31-34.
[19]崔芳.利用水平潜流人工湿地净化城市湖泊污水-以西安市兴庆湖为例[J].湿地科学,2015,13(2):207-210.
[20]黄琳,蔡鲁晟,贾莹.我国环境中有害重金属的来源与分布及防治对策[J].科技情报开发与经济,2007,17(7):189-191.
[21]谢小进,康建成,李卫江,等.上海宝山区农用土壤重金属分布与来源分析[J].环境科学,2010,31(3):768-774.
[2]Tylmann W. Lithological and geochemical record of anthropogenic changes in recent sediments of a small and shallow lake(Lake Pusty Staw,northern Poland)[J]. Journal of Paleolimnology,2005,33(3):313-325.
[3]牛勇,余辉,张敏,等.太湖流域典型河流沉积物重金属污染特征及生态风险评价[J].环境工程,2013,31(5):151-155,38.
[4]乌云,朝伦巴根,李畅游,等.乌梁素海表层沉积物营养元素及重金属空间分布特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011,25(4):143-148.
[5]Kima K W,Myungb J H,Ahnb J S,et al. Heavy metal contamination in dusts and stream sediments in the Taejon area,Korea[J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration,1998,64(1):409-419.
[6]季斌,杭小帅,梁斌,等.湖泊沉积物重金属污染研究进展[J].污染防治技术,2013,26(5):33-40.
[7]李卫平,李畅游,张晓晶,等.内蒙古呼伦湖沉积物营养元素分布及环境污染评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(6):159-163.
[8]李小平,王昕.城市典型工业区土壤重金属分布与污染评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(10):100-104.
[9]李涛,谭雪,买亚宗,等.海浪河流域重金属污染评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(1):111-118.
[10]徐争启,倪师军,庹先国,等.潜在生态危害指数法评价中重金属毒性系数计算[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(2):112-115.
[11]国家环境保护局,中国环境监测总站.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990:329-493.
[12]尚英男,倪师军,张成江,等.成都市河流表层沉积物重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价[J].生态环境,2005,14(6):827-829.
[13]张连科,李海鹏,黄学敏,等.包头某铝厂周边土壤重金属的空间分布及来源解析[J].环境科学,2016,37(3):1139-1146.
[14]Wilding L P. Spatial variability:Its documentation,accommodation and implication to soil surveys[C]. Wageningen:Soil Spatial Variability,1985:166-194.
[15]Banerjee A D. Heavy metal levels and solid phase speciation in street dusts of Delhi,India[J]. Environmental Pollution,2003,123(1):95-105.
[16]秦鹏,阮丽,包跃跃,等.城市土壤重金属污染来源研究[J].环境科学与管理,2014,39(12):38-41.
[17]贾锐鱼,朱万勇,李楠,等.西安市公园土壤及灰尘中重金属污染与生态风险评价[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(5):316-320.
[18]段雪梅,蔡焕兴,巢文军.南京市表层土壤重金属污染特征及污染来源[J].环境科学与管理,2010,35(10):31-34.
[19]崔芳.利用水平潜流人工湿地净化城市湖泊污水-以西安市兴庆湖为例[J].湿地科学,2015,13(2):207-210.
[20]黄琳,蔡鲁晟,贾莹.我国环境中有害重金属的来源与分布及防治对策[J].科技情报开发与经济,2007,17(7):189-191.
[21]谢小进,康建成,李卫江,等.上海宝山区农用土壤重金属分布与来源分析[J].环境科学,2010,31(3):768-774.