环境规制影响制造业技术进步偏向性研究
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摘要
技术进步通常耦合于资本与劳动的累积过程,并对资本与劳动的边际产出产生差异化影响,从而产生一定的偏向性。技术进步偏向性不仅取决于内生因素,还会受到外部环境的影响,环境规制就是影响技术进步偏向性的重要因素。本文在拓展CES生产函数的基础上分析了环境规制对制造业技术进步偏向性的作用机制,通过可行广义非线性最小二乘法测度了中国28个省份的制造业技术进步偏向指数,并实证分析了双重环境规制对制造业技术进步偏向性的影响程度。研究结果表明,我国各省份制造业技术进步整体上偏向资本;正式环境规制与非正式环境规制对技术进步偏向性的影响不同,正式环境规制会强化技术进步的资本偏向,而非正式环境规制则会弱化技术进步的资本偏向。政府应制定适宜的科技、产业和环境规制政策,引导企业选择适宜的技术进步方向并与其要素禀赋相匹配,通过提高全要素生产率推动制造业实现高质量发展。
Technological advances are often coupled to the cumulative process of capital and labor and have a differential effect on the marginal output of capital and labor, resulting in a certain bias. The bias of technological progress depends not only on endogenous factors, but also on the external environment. Environmental regulation is an important factor affecting the bias of technological progress. Based on the expansion of CES production function, this paper analyzes the mechanism of environmental regulation on the technological process bias of manufacturing industry and measures the manufacturing technology development bias index of 28 provinces in China by Feasible Generalized Nonlinear Least Squares method. This paper empirically analyzes the extent to which dual environmental regulation affects the bias of manufacturing technology. The research results show that the technological progress of manufacturing in all provinces in China is biased towards capital as a whole; formal environmental regulation and informal environmental regulation have different effects on technological progress bias, formal environmental regulation will strengthen the capital bias of technological progress, while informal environmental regulation will weaken the capital bias of technological progress. The government should formulate appropriate technology, industry and environmental regulation policies, guide enterprises to choose appropriate technological progress and match their factor endowments and promote high-quality development of manufacturing by improving total factor productivity.
Technological advances are often coupled to the cumulative process of capital and labor and have a differential effect on the marginal output of capital and labor, resulting in a certain bias. The bias of technological progress depends not only on endogenous factors, but also on the external environment. Environmental regulation is an important factor affecting the bias of technological progress. Based on the expansion of CES production function, this paper analyzes the mechanism of environmental regulation on the technological process bias of manufacturing industry and measures the manufacturing technology development bias index of 28 provinces in China by Feasible Generalized Nonlinear Least Squares method. This paper empirically analyzes the extent to which dual environmental regulation affects the bias of manufacturing technology. The research results show that the technological progress of manufacturing in all provinces in China is biased towards capital as a whole; formal environmental regulation and informal environmental regulation have different effects on technological progress bias, formal environmental regulation will strengthen the capital bias of technological progress, while informal environmental regulation will weaken the capital bias of technological progress. The government should formulate appropriate technology, industry and environmental regulation policies, guide enterprises to choose appropriate technological progress and match their factor endowments and promote high-quality development of manufacturing by improving total factor productivity.
引文
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11.Pargal,S.,Wheeler,D.Informal Regulation of Industrial Pollution in Developing Countries:Evidence from Indonesia[R].Policy Research Working Paper,1995.
12.Wilkinson,M.Factor Supply and the Direction of technological Change[J].The American Economic Review,1968(58):120-128.
13.Sato,R.The Estimation of Biased Technical Progress and the Production Function[J].International Economic Review,1970(11):179-208.
14.Sato,R.,Morita,T.Quantity or Quality:The Impact of Labour Saving Innovation on U.S.and Japanese Growth Rates,1960-2004[J].The Japanese Economic Review,2009,60(4):407-434.
15.白雪洁,李爽.要素价格扭曲、技术创新模式与中国工业技术进步偏向——基于中介效应模型的分析[J].当代经济科学,2017(1):30-42+125.
16.蔡昉,都阳,王美艳.经济发展方式转变与节能减排内在动力[J].经济研究,2008(6):4-11+36.
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18.戴天仕,徐现祥.中国的技术进步方向[J].世界经济,2010(11):54-70.
19.何小钢,王自力.能源偏向型技术进步与绿色增长转型——基于中国33个行业的实证考察[J].中国工业经济,2015(2):50-62.
20.黄先海,徐圣.中国劳动收入比重下降成因分析——基于劳动节约型技术进步的视角[J].经济研究,2009(7):34-44.
(1)28个制造业行业分别为:农副食品加工业,食品制造业,酒、饮料和精制茶制造业,烟草制品业,纺织业,纺织服装、服饰业,皮革、毛皮、羽毛及其制品和制鞋业,木材加工及木竹、藤、棕、草制品业,家具制造业,造纸及纸制品业,印刷和记录媒介复制业,文教、工美、体育和娱乐用品制造业,石油加工、炼焦和核燃料加工业,化学原料和化学制品制造业,医药制造业,化学纤维制造业,橡胶和塑料制品业,非金属矿物制品业,黑色金属冶炼及压延加工业,有色金属冶炼及压延制造业,金属制品业,通用设备制造业,专用设备制造业,汽车制造业,铁路,船舶、航空航天和其他运输设备制造业,电气机械及器材制造业,计算机、通信和其他电子设备制造业,仪器仪表制造业。废弃资源和废旧材料回收加工业,其他制造业,金属制品、机械和设备修理业三个行业因为数据缺失严重,因此剔除不作考虑。
2.Antonelli,C.Technological Congruence and the Economic Complexity of Technological Change[J].Structure Change and Economic Dynamics,2016,38:15-24
3.David,P.A.,Klundert,T.Biased Efficiency Growth and Capital-Labor Substitution in the U.S.,1899-1960[J].The American Economic Review,1965(55):357-395.
4.Diamond,P.A.Disembodied Technical Change in a Two-Sector Model[J].The Review of Economic Studies,1965,32(2):161-168.
5.Feder,C.The Effects of Disruptive Innovations on Productivity.Technological Forecasting& Social Change,2017.
6.Growiec,J.,P.Mcadam,J.Muck.Endogenous Labor Share Cycles:Theory and Evidence[J].Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control,2018,87:74-93.
7.Hicks,J.R.,The Theory of Wages,Macmillan,1932.
8.Kalt,J.P.Technological Change and Factor Substitution in the United States,1929-1967[J].International Economic Review,1978(19):761-775.
9.Klump,R.,P.Mcadam,A.Williman.Factor Substitution and Factor-Augmenting Technical Progress in the United States:A Normalized Supply-Side System Approach[J].The Review of Economic and Stastics,2007,89(1):183-192.
10.Panik,M.J.Factor Learning and Biased Factor-Efficiency Growth in the United States,1929-1966[J].International Economic Review,1976(17):733-739.
11.Pargal,S.,Wheeler,D.Informal Regulation of Industrial Pollution in Developing Countries:Evidence from Indonesia[R].Policy Research Working Paper,1995.
12.Wilkinson,M.Factor Supply and the Direction of technological Change[J].The American Economic Review,1968(58):120-128.
13.Sato,R.The Estimation of Biased Technical Progress and the Production Function[J].International Economic Review,1970(11):179-208.
14.Sato,R.,Morita,T.Quantity or Quality:The Impact of Labour Saving Innovation on U.S.and Japanese Growth Rates,1960-2004[J].The Japanese Economic Review,2009,60(4):407-434.
15.白雪洁,李爽.要素价格扭曲、技术创新模式与中国工业技术进步偏向——基于中介效应模型的分析[J].当代经济科学,2017(1):30-42+125.
16.蔡昉,都阳,王美艳.经济发展方式转变与节能减排内在动力[J].经济研究,2008(6):4-11+36.
17.陈晓玲,连玉君.资本-劳动替代弹性与地区经济增长——德拉格兰德维尔假说的检验[J].经济学(季刊),2012,12(1):93-118.
18.戴天仕,徐现祥.中国的技术进步方向[J].世界经济,2010(11):54-70.
19.何小钢,王自力.能源偏向型技术进步与绿色增长转型——基于中国33个行业的实证考察[J].中国工业经济,2015(2):50-62.
20.黄先海,徐圣.中国劳动收入比重下降成因分析——基于劳动节约型技术进步的视角[J].经济研究,2009(7):34-44.
(1)28个制造业行业分别为:农副食品加工业,食品制造业,酒、饮料和精制茶制造业,烟草制品业,纺织业,纺织服装、服饰业,皮革、毛皮、羽毛及其制品和制鞋业,木材加工及木竹、藤、棕、草制品业,家具制造业,造纸及纸制品业,印刷和记录媒介复制业,文教、工美、体育和娱乐用品制造业,石油加工、炼焦和核燃料加工业,化学原料和化学制品制造业,医药制造业,化学纤维制造业,橡胶和塑料制品业,非金属矿物制品业,黑色金属冶炼及压延加工业,有色金属冶炼及压延制造业,金属制品业,通用设备制造业,专用设备制造业,汽车制造业,铁路,船舶、航空航天和其他运输设备制造业,电气机械及器材制造业,计算机、通信和其他电子设备制造业,仪器仪表制造业。废弃资源和废旧材料回收加工业,其他制造业,金属制品、机械和设备修理业三个行业因为数据缺失严重,因此剔除不作考虑。