丁字湾近岸海域表层沉积物粒度特征及沉积动力环境
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摘要
根据丁字湾近岸海域126个表层沉积物样品粒度分析结果,对沉积物类型和粒度参数分布进行了总结。在此基础上,利用粒径趋势分析模型(GSTA)和沉积动力判别图解,探讨了表层沉积物的运移趋势及沉积水动力规律。结果表明,丁字湾近岸海域表层沉积物类型共有8种,其中砂、砂质粉砂和粉砂分布最广泛;平均粒径具有从岸向海逐渐变细的特征,分选性、偏度和峰度分别具有较差—差、正偏—极正偏、中等的特征;粒度运移趋势分析反映出湾口海岸附近泥沙由两侧向湾口中心运移,远离海岸泥沙由北西向南东偏东方向运移;沉积动力判别图解揭示出丁字湾海域沉积水动力具有整体较强,由岸向海方向逐渐减弱的特征。
126 surface sediment samples were collected from the near shore seabed of Dingzi Bay in Shandong province for grain size analysis.Grain size parameters of the samples are calculated and sediment types determined.Upon the basis,sediment transport trends were studied using the Gao-Collins Grain Size Trend Analysis(GSTA model).Sedimentary hydrodynamics was defined using Pejrup triangular diagram.Results indicate that there are eight types of sediments in the bay,dominated by sand,sandy silt and silt.The sediments,in general,are getting finer from the shore to the ocean.They are poorly and very poorly sorted,positively and very positively skewed,and moderate in kurtosis.There are two kinds of sediment transport patterns.In the area near the shoreline,the sediment is transported from the coast to the center of the bay,while in the offshore area,sediment moves from the northwest to southeast.Relatively strong sedimentary hydrodynamics occur in the coastal area.It becomes weaker when water gets deeper.
126 surface sediment samples were collected from the near shore seabed of Dingzi Bay in Shandong province for grain size analysis.Grain size parameters of the samples are calculated and sediment types determined.Upon the basis,sediment transport trends were studied using the Gao-Collins Grain Size Trend Analysis(GSTA model).Sedimentary hydrodynamics was defined using Pejrup triangular diagram.Results indicate that there are eight types of sediments in the bay,dominated by sand,sandy silt and silt.The sediments,in general,are getting finer from the shore to the ocean.They are poorly and very poorly sorted,positively and very positively skewed,and moderate in kurtosis.There are two kinds of sediment transport patterns.In the area near the shoreline,the sediment is transported from the coast to the center of the bay,while in the offshore area,sediment moves from the northwest to southeast.Relatively strong sedimentary hydrodynamics occur in the coastal area.It becomes weaker when water gets deeper.
引文
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[12]Folk R L,Ward W C.Brazos River bar:a study in the significance of grain size parameters[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1957,27(1):3-26.
[13]卢连战,史正涛.沉积物粒度参数内涵及计算方法的解析[J].环境科学与管理,2010,35(6):54-60.[LU Lianzhan,SHI Zhengtao.Analysis for Sediment Grain Size Parameters of Connotations and Calculation Method[J].Environmental Science and Management,2010,35(6):54-60.]
[14]黄广.长江口、杭州湾水沙交换与输移特征研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2007.[HUANG Guang.Study on the character of flow and sediment exchange and transport between Changjiang Estuary and Hangzhou Bay[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2007.]
[15]方建勇.厦门湾海底沉积物分布特征及其物源和沉积环境意义[D].厦门:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,2008.[FANGJiangyong.Distribution characteristics,sources,and sedimentary environmental indications of the sediment in Xiamen Bay[D].Xiamen:The Third Institute of Oceanography,2008.]
[16]Mclaren P.An interpretation of trends in grain-size measurements[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1981,51(2):611-624.
[17]Gao Shu,Collins M.Analysis of grain-size trends for defining sediment transport pathways in marine environments[J].Journal of Coastal Research,1994,10(1):70-80.
[18]Mclaren P,Cretney W J,Powys R I.Sediment pathways in a British Columbia fjord and their relationship with particle-associated contaminants[J].Journal of Coastal Research,1993,9(4):1026-1043.
[19]Gao Shu.A fortran program for grain size trend analysis to define net srdiment transport pathways[J].Computers and Geosciences,1996,22(4):449-452.
[20]高抒,Michael Collins.沉积物粒径趋势与海洋沉积动力学[J].中国科学基金,1998,(4):241-246.[GAO Shu,Michael Collins.Sediment grain size trends and marine sediment dynamics[J].Chinese Science Fund,1998,(4):241-246.]
[21]高抒.沉积物粒径趋势分析:原理与应用条件[J].沉积学报,2009,27(5):826-836.[GAO Shu.Grain size trend analysis:Principle and applicability[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2009,27(5):826-836.]
[22]韦钦胜,于志刚,冉祥滨,等.黄海西部沿岸流系特征分析及其对物质输运的影响[J].地球科学进展,2011,26(2):145-156.[WEI Qinsheng,YU Zhigang,RAN Xiangbin,et al.Characteristics of the western coastal current of the Yellow Sea and its impacts on material transportation[J].Advances in Earth Science,2011,26(2):145-156.]
[23]刘光章,尹毅.青岛近海表层海水流动状况及对青岛沿岸污染的影响[J].黄渤海海洋,1984,2(1):19-25.[LIU Guangzhang,YIN Yi.Conditions of surface current of Qingdao and its influence on pollution along the Qingdao coast[J].Journal of Oceanography of Huanghai&Bohai Seas,1984,2(1):19-25.]
[24]赵保仁.单站浮标测流资料的谱分析[J].海洋科学集刊,1984,21:35-48.[ZHAO Baoren.Spectral analysis of the drifter data for observing current[J].Studies Marine Sinica,1984,21:35-48.]
[25]山东省科学技术委员会.山东省海岸带和海涂资源综合调查报告集[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1984:206-207.[Science and Technology Committee of Shandong Province.The Comprehensive Investigation Report Set of Shandong Coastal Zone and Tidal Wetland Rrsources[M].Beijing:China Science and Technology Press,1984:206-207.]
[26]王勇智,孙惠凤,丰爱平,等.基于数值模拟的丁字湾海洋环境恢复研究[J].福建水产,2013,35(2):85-92.[WANGYongzhi,SUB Huifeng,FENG Aiping,et al.A preliminary study on marine environment recovery in Dingzi Bay based on numerical simulation[J].Journal of Fujian Fisheries,2013,35(2):85-92.]
[27]中国海湾志编纂委员会.中国海湾志:第四分册(山东半岛南部和江苏省海湾)[M].北京:海洋出版社,1993:73-94.[China Bay Record Committee.The Bay Chorography in China:Bays in the South Shandong Peninsula and Jiangsu Province[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,1993:73-94.]
[28]Pejrup M.The triangular diagram used for classification of estuarine sediments:a new approach[J].Tide-influenced Sedimentary Environments and Facies.Reidel,Dordrecht,1988:289-300.
[29]何起祥,李绍全,刘健.海洋碎屑沉积物的分类[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2002,22(1):115-121.[HE Qixiang,LIShaoquan,LIU Jiang.Classification of marine clastic sediments[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2002,22(1):115-121.]
[30]庄克琳,毕世普,刘振夏,等.长江水下三角洲的动力沉积[J].海洋地质第四纪地质,2005,25(2):1-9.[ZHUANGKelin,BI Shipu,LIU Zhenxia,et al.Dynamic sedimentation in the subaqueous Yangtze(Changjiang)delta[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2005,25(2):1-9.]
[31]贾海林,刘苍字,杨欧.长江口北支沉积动力环境分析[J].华东师范大学学报:自然科学版,2001(1):90-96.[JIAHailin,LIU Cangzi,YANG Ou.Dynamic sediment environment of the north branch of Changjiang Estuary[J].Journal of East China Normal University(Nature Science),2001(1):90-96.]
[32]严立文.浅海区海带养殖的沉积环境效应及动力机制-以山东半岛黑泥湾为例[D].青岛:中国科学院海洋研究所,2008.[YAN Liwen.Sedimentary environment evolution in representative kelp(Laminaria Japonica)-cultured region(Harny Bay)and inner hydrodynamic mechanism[D].Qingdao:Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2008.]
[33]张先锋,吴建政,胡日军,等.靖海湾表层沉积物粒度特征及沉积动力环境分区[J].海洋地质前沿,2013,29(10):47-51.[ZHANG Xianfeng,WU Jianzheng,HU Rijun,et al.Grain size distribution pattern of subface sediment in Jinghai Bay and dynamic environment division[J].Marine Geology Frontiers,2013,29(10):47-51.]
[2]杨世伦.长江口沉积物粒度参数的统计规律及其沉积动力学解释[J].泥沙研究,1994(3):23-31.[YANG Shilun.Statistic features for grain-size parameters of the Yangtze River Estuary and their hydrodynamic explanation[J].Journal of Sediment Research,1994(3):23-31.]
[3]杨阳,高抒,周亮,等.海南新村港湖表层沉积物粒度特征及其沉积环境[J].海洋学报,2016,38(1):94-105.[YANGYang,GAO Shu,ZHOU Liang,et al.Grain size distribution of surface sediments and sedimentary environment in the lagoon of Xincun,Hainan Island[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2016,38(1):94-105.]
[4]肖志建,李团结,廖世智.仃洋表层沉积物特征及其泥沙运移趋势[J].热带海洋学报,2011,30(4):58-65.[XIAO Zhijian,LI Tuanjie,LIAO Shizhi.Surface sediment characteristics and transport trend in Lingdingyang Bay of the Pearl River Estuary[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2011,30(4):58-65.]
[5]宫少军,赵卫,乔吉果,等.渤海湾西部海域底质特征及其沉积环境分析[J].天津科技大学学报,2017,32(3):50-57.[GONG Shaojun,ZHAO Wei,QIAO Jiguo,et al.Characteristics of western Bohai Bay Sea bottom sediment:Sedimentary environment analysis[J].Journal of Tianjin University of Science&Technology,2017,32(3):50-57.]
[6]赵建春,戴志军,李九发,等.强潮海湾近岸表层沉积物时空分布特征及水动力响应-以杭州湾北岸为例[J].沉积学报,2008,26(6):1043-1052.[ZHAO Jianchun,DAI Zhijun,LIJiufa,et al.Study on the characteristics of temporal and spatial changes in properties of surface sediment on near-shore seabed of strong-tide bay:A case from the north bank of Hangzhou Bay in Shanghai[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2008,26(6):1043-1052.]
[7]汪亚平,高抒,贾建军.胶州湾及邻近海域沉积物分布特征和运移趋势[J].地理学报,2000,55(4):449-458.[WANG Yaping,GAO Shu,JIA Jianjun.Sediment distribution and transport patterns in Jiaozhou Bay and adjoining areas[J].Acta Grographica Sinica,2000,55(4):449-458.]
[8]肖菲,尹延鸿.青岛海岸带及邻近海域地形和沉积物类型研究[J].海洋地质动态,2006,22(10):1-4.[XIAO Fei,YIN Yanhong.Topography and sediment types of the Qingdao coast zone and adjacent areas[J].Marine Geology Letters,2006,22(10):1-4.]
[9]刘珊珊.青岛近海海域沉积物重金属环境质量评价研究[D].石家庄经济学院,2013.[LIU Shanshan.Environmental Quality assessment of heavy metals in Qingdao Offshore[D].Shijiazhuang University of Economics,2013.]
[10]中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 12763.8-2007海洋调查规范第8部分:海洋地质地球物理调查[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007:1-94.[Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.GB/T 12763.8-2007Specifications for oceanographic survey Part 8:Marine geology and geophysics survey[S].Beijing:China Standardization Press,2007:1-94.]
[11]Folk R L,Andrews P B,Lewis D W.Detrital sedimentary rock classification and nomenclature for use in New Zealand[J].New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics,1970,13(4):937-968.
[12]Folk R L,Ward W C.Brazos River bar:a study in the significance of grain size parameters[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1957,27(1):3-26.
[13]卢连战,史正涛.沉积物粒度参数内涵及计算方法的解析[J].环境科学与管理,2010,35(6):54-60.[LU Lianzhan,SHI Zhengtao.Analysis for Sediment Grain Size Parameters of Connotations and Calculation Method[J].Environmental Science and Management,2010,35(6):54-60.]
[14]黄广.长江口、杭州湾水沙交换与输移特征研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2007.[HUANG Guang.Study on the character of flow and sediment exchange and transport between Changjiang Estuary and Hangzhou Bay[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2007.]
[15]方建勇.厦门湾海底沉积物分布特征及其物源和沉积环境意义[D].厦门:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,2008.[FANGJiangyong.Distribution characteristics,sources,and sedimentary environmental indications of the sediment in Xiamen Bay[D].Xiamen:The Third Institute of Oceanography,2008.]
[16]Mclaren P.An interpretation of trends in grain-size measurements[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1981,51(2):611-624.
[17]Gao Shu,Collins M.Analysis of grain-size trends for defining sediment transport pathways in marine environments[J].Journal of Coastal Research,1994,10(1):70-80.
[18]Mclaren P,Cretney W J,Powys R I.Sediment pathways in a British Columbia fjord and their relationship with particle-associated contaminants[J].Journal of Coastal Research,1993,9(4):1026-1043.
[19]Gao Shu.A fortran program for grain size trend analysis to define net srdiment transport pathways[J].Computers and Geosciences,1996,22(4):449-452.
[20]高抒,Michael Collins.沉积物粒径趋势与海洋沉积动力学[J].中国科学基金,1998,(4):241-246.[GAO Shu,Michael Collins.Sediment grain size trends and marine sediment dynamics[J].Chinese Science Fund,1998,(4):241-246.]
[21]高抒.沉积物粒径趋势分析:原理与应用条件[J].沉积学报,2009,27(5):826-836.[GAO Shu.Grain size trend analysis:Principle and applicability[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2009,27(5):826-836.]
[22]韦钦胜,于志刚,冉祥滨,等.黄海西部沿岸流系特征分析及其对物质输运的影响[J].地球科学进展,2011,26(2):145-156.[WEI Qinsheng,YU Zhigang,RAN Xiangbin,et al.Characteristics of the western coastal current of the Yellow Sea and its impacts on material transportation[J].Advances in Earth Science,2011,26(2):145-156.]
[23]刘光章,尹毅.青岛近海表层海水流动状况及对青岛沿岸污染的影响[J].黄渤海海洋,1984,2(1):19-25.[LIU Guangzhang,YIN Yi.Conditions of surface current of Qingdao and its influence on pollution along the Qingdao coast[J].Journal of Oceanography of Huanghai&Bohai Seas,1984,2(1):19-25.]
[24]赵保仁.单站浮标测流资料的谱分析[J].海洋科学集刊,1984,21:35-48.[ZHAO Baoren.Spectral analysis of the drifter data for observing current[J].Studies Marine Sinica,1984,21:35-48.]
[25]山东省科学技术委员会.山东省海岸带和海涂资源综合调查报告集[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1984:206-207.[Science and Technology Committee of Shandong Province.The Comprehensive Investigation Report Set of Shandong Coastal Zone and Tidal Wetland Rrsources[M].Beijing:China Science and Technology Press,1984:206-207.]
[26]王勇智,孙惠凤,丰爱平,等.基于数值模拟的丁字湾海洋环境恢复研究[J].福建水产,2013,35(2):85-92.[WANGYongzhi,SUB Huifeng,FENG Aiping,et al.A preliminary study on marine environment recovery in Dingzi Bay based on numerical simulation[J].Journal of Fujian Fisheries,2013,35(2):85-92.]
[27]中国海湾志编纂委员会.中国海湾志:第四分册(山东半岛南部和江苏省海湾)[M].北京:海洋出版社,1993:73-94.[China Bay Record Committee.The Bay Chorography in China:Bays in the South Shandong Peninsula and Jiangsu Province[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,1993:73-94.]
[28]Pejrup M.The triangular diagram used for classification of estuarine sediments:a new approach[J].Tide-influenced Sedimentary Environments and Facies.Reidel,Dordrecht,1988:289-300.
[29]何起祥,李绍全,刘健.海洋碎屑沉积物的分类[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2002,22(1):115-121.[HE Qixiang,LIShaoquan,LIU Jiang.Classification of marine clastic sediments[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2002,22(1):115-121.]
[30]庄克琳,毕世普,刘振夏,等.长江水下三角洲的动力沉积[J].海洋地质第四纪地质,2005,25(2):1-9.[ZHUANGKelin,BI Shipu,LIU Zhenxia,et al.Dynamic sedimentation in the subaqueous Yangtze(Changjiang)delta[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2005,25(2):1-9.]
[31]贾海林,刘苍字,杨欧.长江口北支沉积动力环境分析[J].华东师范大学学报:自然科学版,2001(1):90-96.[JIAHailin,LIU Cangzi,YANG Ou.Dynamic sediment environment of the north branch of Changjiang Estuary[J].Journal of East China Normal University(Nature Science),2001(1):90-96.]
[32]严立文.浅海区海带养殖的沉积环境效应及动力机制-以山东半岛黑泥湾为例[D].青岛:中国科学院海洋研究所,2008.[YAN Liwen.Sedimentary environment evolution in representative kelp(Laminaria Japonica)-cultured region(Harny Bay)and inner hydrodynamic mechanism[D].Qingdao:Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2008.]
[33]张先锋,吴建政,胡日军,等.靖海湾表层沉积物粒度特征及沉积动力环境分区[J].海洋地质前沿,2013,29(10):47-51.[ZHANG Xianfeng,WU Jianzheng,HU Rijun,et al.Grain size distribution pattern of subface sediment in Jinghai Bay and dynamic environment division[J].Marine Geology Frontiers,2013,29(10):47-51.]
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