目标群体参与精准扶贫政策执行的现实困境与治理策略
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摘要
精准扶贫政策执行是将脱贫政策目标转化为现实的过程,要求从公共政策视角审视目标群体参与对于精准扶贫政策执行的意义。研究表明目标群体参与精准扶贫政策执行有利于其认同、配合及监督政策执行,促使精准扶贫政策目标"零偏差"的实现。但受传统政治文化束缚、目标群体政策参与意识和能力不足、政策信息公开度较低以及制度化参与渠道或方式阙如等因素制约,当前精准扶贫政策执行过程中存在贫困识别阶段形式化参与、帮扶贫困户阶段被动式参与以及脱贫考核阶段参与失灵等问题。为此,可以考虑采取塑造参与型政治文化、提高目标群体参与意识和能力、加大政策执行信息公开力度以及拓宽目标群体制度化参与渠道和方式等治理策略,走出政策执行过程中贫困户参与不足的困境。
The implementation of targeted poverty alleviation policy is a process of transforming the goal of poverty alleviation policy into a policy reality.It requires us to examine the significance and impact of target group participation in the implementation of targeted poverty alleviation policy from the perspective of public policy.The research shows that the participation of the target group in the implementation of targeted poverty alleviation policy helps to identify,cooperate and supervise the implementation and achieve the goal of targeted poverty alleviation policy completely. However,due to the traditional political culture,the lack of awareness and ability of target group policy participation,the low degree of openness of policy information,and the limited institutionalized participation channels or methods,etc.There have been several problems in the current implementation of targeted poverty alleviation policy,such as the superficial participation in the poverty identification stage,passive participation in the poverty alleviation stage and inefficient participation in the poverty assessment stage.For this reason,we can consider shaping the participatory political culture, raising the awareness and ability of the target group to participate,increasing the information disclosure of policy implementation,and broadening the institutionalized participation channels of the target groups.Only in this way can we get out of the plight of poor households participation in the implementation of targeted poverty alleviation policy.
The implementation of targeted poverty alleviation policy is a process of transforming the goal of poverty alleviation policy into a policy reality.It requires us to examine the significance and impact of target group participation in the implementation of targeted poverty alleviation policy from the perspective of public policy.The research shows that the participation of the target group in the implementation of targeted poverty alleviation policy helps to identify,cooperate and supervise the implementation and achieve the goal of targeted poverty alleviation policy completely. However,due to the traditional political culture,the lack of awareness and ability of target group policy participation,the low degree of openness of policy information,and the limited institutionalized participation channels or methods,etc.There have been several problems in the current implementation of targeted poverty alleviation policy,such as the superficial participation in the poverty identification stage,passive participation in the poverty alleviation stage and inefficient participation in the poverty assessment stage.For this reason,we can consider shaping the participatory political culture, raising the awareness and ability of the target group to participate,increasing the information disclosure of policy implementation,and broadening the institutionalized participation channels of the target groups.Only in this way can we get out of the plight of poor households participation in the implementation of targeted poverty alleviation policy.
引文
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[15] 杨颖.精准扶贫下集中连片特困地区的农户调查——以贵州省为例[J].社会科学家,2016(12):64-70.
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[17] 李琳,郭占锋.精准扶贫中农村社区治理能力提升研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2018(5):98-106.
[18] G.A.阿尔蒙德,G.B.鲍威尔.比较政治学:体系、过程和政策[M].曹沛霖,郑世平,公婷,译.上海:上海译文出版社,1987:26.
[19] 叶大凤.论公共政策执行过程中的公民参与[J].北京大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2006(S1):64-69.
[20] 中国政府网.国务院关于印发“十三五”脱贫攻坚规划的通知[EB/OL].(2016-12-02)[2018-12-02].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2016-12/02/content_5142197.htm.
[21] 国务院扶贫开发领导小组办公室.关于开展扶贫扶志行动的意见[EB/OL].(2018-11-19)[2018-11-19].http://www.cpad.gov.cn/art/2018/11/19/art_46_91266.html.
[22] 加布里埃尔·A,阿尔蒙德西德尼·维巴.公民文化:五个国家的政治态度和民主制[M].徐湘林,译.北京:东方出版社,2008:14-19.
[2] 葛志军,邢成举.精准扶贫:内涵、实践困境及其原因阐释——基于宁夏银川两个村庄的调查[J].贵州社会科学,2015(5):157-163.
[3] 易柳.精准扶贫政策的粗放执行及其治理:基于可行能力的视域——以鄂西L村为例[J].华侨大学学报,2018(1):56-66.
[4] 杨秀丽,徐百川.精准扶贫政策实施中村民自治能力提升研究[J].南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2017(4):67-73.
[5] 孙前路,乔娟,李秉龙,等.组织公平和群众参与对贫困户识别满意度的影响——基于西藏646户农牧民的实证分析[J].西北人口,2018(3):10-17.
[6] 李金龙,刘巧兰.话语赋权:打赢脱贫攻坚战的政策依据价值追求和推进路径[J].甘肃社会科学,2019(1):59-66.
[7] 党秀云.论公共管理中的公民参与[J].中国行政管理,2003(10):32-35.
[8] 国务院扶贫开发领导小组办公室.中共中央办公厅国务院办公厅印发《关于创新机制扎实推进农村扶贫开发工作的意见》[EB/OL].(2014-01-25)[2019-03-14].http://www.cpad.gov.cn/art/2014/1/25/art_82_12516.html.
[9] 许汉泽,李小云.精准扶贫”的地方实践困境及乡土逻辑——以云南玉村实地调查为讨论中心[J].河北学刊,2016(6):184-188.
[10] 简文.三亚:通报三起扶贫领域形式主义官僚主义问题典型案例[EB/OL].[2019-03-14].http://www.hnlzw.net/web/hnlzw/article.jsp?articleId=52043.
[11] 中央纪委国家监委.拿贫困户资格做人情识贫岂能如此“走过场”[EB/OL].(2018-11-09)[2019-03-14].http://www.ccdi.gov.cn/yaowen/201811/t20181108_183021.html.
[12] 国务院扶贫开发领导小组办公室.国务院扶贫开发领导小组关于改革财政专项扶贫资金管理机制的意见[EB/OL].(2018-08-08)[2019-03-14].http://www.cpad.gov.cn/art/2014/8/8/art_46_72584.html.
[13] 全钟燮.公共行政的社会建构:解释与批判[M].孙柏瑛,译.北京:北京大学出版社,2008:35.
[14] 徐勇,邓大才.反贫困在行动:中国农村扶贫调查与实践[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2015.
[15] 杨颖.精准扶贫下集中连片特困地区的农户调查——以贵州省为例[J].社会科学家,2016(12):64-70.
[16] 中国政府网.省级党委和政府扶贫开发工作成效考核办法[EB/OL].(2016-02-16)[2019-03-14].http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2016-02/16/content_5041672.htm.
[17] 李琳,郭占锋.精准扶贫中农村社区治理能力提升研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2018(5):98-106.
[18] G.A.阿尔蒙德,G.B.鲍威尔.比较政治学:体系、过程和政策[M].曹沛霖,郑世平,公婷,译.上海:上海译文出版社,1987:26.
[19] 叶大凤.论公共政策执行过程中的公民参与[J].北京大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2006(S1):64-69.
[20] 中国政府网.国务院关于印发“十三五”脱贫攻坚规划的通知[EB/OL].(2016-12-02)[2018-12-02].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2016-12/02/content_5142197.htm.
[21] 国务院扶贫开发领导小组办公室.关于开展扶贫扶志行动的意见[EB/OL].(2018-11-19)[2018-11-19].http://www.cpad.gov.cn/art/2018/11/19/art_46_91266.html.
[22] 加布里埃尔·A,阿尔蒙德西德尼·维巴.公民文化:五个国家的政治态度和民主制[M].徐湘林,译.北京:东方出版社,2008:14-19.