施加氮磷肥及Pb胁迫对小白菜Pb含量的影响研究
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摘要
为了研究施肥对小白菜Pb含量的影响,采用盆栽试验种植小白菜,分析土壤中不同浓度氮肥、磷肥及Pb胁迫对小白菜地上部分和根系吸收Pb的影响。结果表明,无Pb胁迫下,在土壤中施加氮肥对小白菜株高、根长和鲜质量均有一定的促进作用,有Pb胁迫(300mg/kg,下同)下,施氮肥对小白菜株高和鲜质量有促进作用,但对根长有抑制作用。无Pb胁迫下,在土壤中施加一定量的磷肥能促进小白菜鲜质量的增长,但却对株高有一定的抑制作用;中高质量浓度施磷处理(150～225mg/kg)会抑制小白菜地上部分对Pb的吸收,低质量浓度施磷处理(≤75mg/kg)则会促进小白菜地上部分和根系对Pb的吸收;有Pb胁迫下,施加磷肥对小白菜的株高和鲜质量均有一定的促进作用,且抑制了小白菜根系对Pb的吸收。研究土壤氮肥最佳施用量为300mg/kg,磷肥最佳施用量为150mg/kg,此时小白菜的鲜质量达到最大,且小白菜地上部分对Pb的吸收量相对较小。
In order to confirm the effect of fertilization on Pb uptake of cabbage(Brassica campestris L.),the concentration of Pb in cabbage leaves and roots under the treatment of different nitrogen,phosphor and Pb stress were analyzed by pot experiment.The results showed that the application of nitrogen fertilizer promoted the plant height,root length and fresh mass of the cabbage without Pb stress.However,under the Pb stress(300 mg/kg,the same below),the nitrogen fertilizer promoted the plant height and fresh mass,but inhibited the root length of cabbage.Without Pb stress,the application of certain amount of phosphor fertilizer in soil promoted the growth of fresh mass,but it inhibited plant height.The higher phosphor concentration(150-225 mg/kg)in soil inhibited the root absorption of Pb while low phosphor concentration(≤75 mg/kg)promoted the root and leaf absorption of Pb.Under Pb stress,phosphor fertilizer had a certain promotion effect on the plant height and fresh mass of cabbage,but it inhibited the Pb uptake of root.The optimum application amount of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer was 300,150 mg/kg respectively,under which could achieved the highest leaf biomass and the relative lower Pb absorption.
In order to confirm the effect of fertilization on Pb uptake of cabbage(Brassica campestris L.),the concentration of Pb in cabbage leaves and roots under the treatment of different nitrogen,phosphor and Pb stress were analyzed by pot experiment.The results showed that the application of nitrogen fertilizer promoted the plant height,root length and fresh mass of the cabbage without Pb stress.However,under the Pb stress(300 mg/kg,the same below),the nitrogen fertilizer promoted the plant height and fresh mass,but inhibited the root length of cabbage.Without Pb stress,the application of certain amount of phosphor fertilizer in soil promoted the growth of fresh mass,but it inhibited plant height.The higher phosphor concentration(150-225 mg/kg)in soil inhibited the root absorption of Pb while low phosphor concentration(≤75 mg/kg)promoted the root and leaf absorption of Pb.Under Pb stress,phosphor fertilizer had a certain promotion effect on the plant height and fresh mass of cabbage,but it inhibited the Pb uptake of root.The optimum application amount of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer was 300,150 mg/kg respectively,under which could achieved the highest leaf biomass and the relative lower Pb absorption.
引文
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[20]陈世宝,李娜,王萌,等.利用磷进行铅污染土壤原位修复中需考虑的几个问题[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(1):203-209.
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[2]雷琼,马文哲,王文光.我国蔬菜重金属铅污染研究进展与防治措施[J].农产品加工,2012(9):105-107.
[3]王灵,朱建雯,钱翌,等.乌鲁木齐市菜地土壤和蔬菜铅含量及风险评价[J].新疆农业大学学报,2008,31(1):46-50.
[4]张娜,王文全,李阳.再生水-土壤-蔬菜体系中Pb的形态分布[J].环境保护科学,2015,41(6):38-43.
[5]胡伟,王兴祥,黄国勤,等.不同施肥方式对菜园土壤环境质量及作物产量的影响[J].江西农业学报,2006,18(2):80-83.
[6]马智宏,李吉进,潘立刚,等.不同有机肥处理对土壤及芹菜中重金属残留的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(21):9181-9183.
[7]崔斌,王凌,张国印,等.土壤重金属污染现状与危害及修复技术研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(1):373-375.
[8]王艳红,李盟军,唐明灯,等.石灰和泥炭配施对叶菜吸收Cd阻控效应[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(12):2339-2344.
[9]姚桂华,徐海舟,朱林刚,等.不同有机物料对东南景天修复重金属污染土壤效率的影响[J].环境科学,2015,36(11):4268-4276.
[10]杨刚,伍钧,唐亚,等.不同形态氮肥施用对鱼腥草吸收转运Pb的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(4):1380-1385.
[11]陈世宝,朱永官.不同含磷化合物对中国芥菜铅吸收特性的影响[J].环境科学学报,2004,24(4):707-712.
[12]刘凤枝.农业环境监测实用手册[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2001.
[13]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[14]王凤花,任超,李新燕,等.三种肥料对镉污染土壤中小白菜吸收镉的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2016(1):124-128.
[15]邱丹.施氮对Pb胁迫下紫萼玉簪铅吸收特性及生理特性的影响[D].成都:四川农业大学,2013.
[16]甲卡拉铁,喻华,冯文强,等.淹水条件下不同氮磷钾肥对土壤pH和镉有效性的影响研究[J].环境科学,2009,30(11):3414-3421.
[17] RODRIGUEZ ORTIZ J C,VALDEZ CEPEDA R D,LARA MIRELES J L,et al.Soil nitrogen fertilization effects on phytoextraction of cadmium and lead by tobacco[J].Bioremediation Journal,2006,10(3):105-114.
[18]陈苏,孙丽娜,孙铁珩,等.施用尿素对土壤中Cd、Pb形态分布及植物有效性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(10):2003-2009.
[19]刘芳,刘世亮,介晓磊,等.石灰性土壤中磷镉交互作用对菠菜生长及其吸收磷镉的影响[J].中国农业通报,2005,21(4):310-314.
[20]陈世宝,李娜,王萌,等.利用磷进行铅污染土壤原位修复中需考虑的几个问题[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(1):203-209.
[21]张珍珍.铅对芹菜生长的影响以及磷酸二氢钾对铅毒害的缓解效应[D].太原:山西大学,2016.
[22]吕亚敏.不同磷肥对茶园土壤中铅镉有效性及其生物累积的影响研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2015.