居民对乡村民宿的旅游影响感知和态度研究——以海南的5个民宿村为例
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摘要
[目的]随着乡村旅游在中国乡村生根发芽,民宿成为了很多游客出行的优先选择,民宿的蓬勃发展对社区造成正面或负面的影响,而社区居民是这些影响的主要承担者。社区居民对乡村民宿带来的积极影响和消极影响会形成整体的感知,整体的旅游利益感知会影响对民宿发展的态度,态度从而决定社区居民的行为是支持还是反对外来游客进入当地旅游。居民对乡村民宿发展的态度,是决定民宿是否能够在中国乡村持续发展的关键,但鲜有学者从居民感知的角度对乡村民宿旅游影响进行研究。[方法]文章以海南省5个民宿村的居民为研究对象,以居民影响感知为研究切入点,建立居民影响感知、支持程度、社会距离、社区依恋的关系模型以揭示居民旅游影响感知对其态度的影响。[结果和结论](1)社会距离对旅游影响感知和支持程度有显著负向影响;(2)社区依恋对支持程度有显著正向影响;(3)旅游影响感知的3个维度对支持程度有显著正向影响。
With rural tourism taking root in rural China,the bed and breakfast( B&B) has become a priority for many tourists. The booming development of the B&B has a positive or negative impact on the community,and community residents are the main bearers of these influences. The positive and negative impacts of community residents on the B&B will form an overall perception. The overall perception of tourism interest will affect the attitude towards the development of the B&B. The attitude determines whether the behavior of the community residents supports or opposes tourists to enter the local places. Residents' attitude towards the development of the B&B is the key to determining whether the B&B can continue to develop in China' s rural areas. However,few scholars have studied the influence of the B&B tourism from the perspective of residents' perception. This paper took the residents of five B&B villages in Hainan as the research objects,and took the residents' perception as the research entry point,and established the relationship model of residents' tourism perception,support,social distance and community attachment to reveal the influence of residents' tourism perception on attitudes. The results showed that:( 1) social distance had a significant negative impact on tourism perception and support;( 2)community attachment had a significant positive impact on support;( 3) three dimensions of tourism perception had significant positive impact on support.
With rural tourism taking root in rural China,the bed and breakfast( B&B) has become a priority for many tourists. The booming development of the B&B has a positive or negative impact on the community,and community residents are the main bearers of these influences. The positive and negative impacts of community residents on the B&B will form an overall perception. The overall perception of tourism interest will affect the attitude towards the development of the B&B. The attitude determines whether the behavior of the community residents supports or opposes tourists to enter the local places. Residents' attitude towards the development of the B&B is the key to determining whether the B&B can continue to develop in China' s rural areas. However,few scholars have studied the influence of the B&B tourism from the perspective of residents' perception. This paper took the residents of five B&B villages in Hainan as the research objects,and took the residents' perception as the research entry point,and established the relationship model of residents' tourism perception,support,social distance and community attachment to reveal the influence of residents' tourism perception on attitudes. The results showed that:( 1) social distance had a significant negative impact on tourism perception and support;( 2)community attachment had a significant positive impact on support;( 3) three dimensions of tourism perception had significant positive impact on support.
引文
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[3]张广海，孟禺．国内外民宿旅游研究进展．资源开发与市场，2017,33(4):503-507.
[4]马鹏，张威．游客互动、体验价值、主观幸福感关系研究———一个民宿旅居者视角的实证检验．消费经济，2017(5):83-90.
[5]凌云，刘雪宸，丁婧，等．青年选择分享型住宿的本真性动机研究．中国青年研究，2018(3)
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[7] Dyer P,Gursoy D,Sharma B,et al. Structural modeling of resident perceptions of tourism and associated development on the Sunshine Coast,Australia. Tourism Management,2007,28(2):409-422.
[8]吴冰，李森，周全丽，等．社区居民对入境旅游供给感知的差异分析基于不同人口的统计特征．资源开发与市场，2015,31(10):1242-1245.
[9]陈珂，张金鑫，张琦．大梨树村居民旅游影响感知、参与意愿及参与行为研究．农业经济，2016(5):26-28.
[10] Thyne M,Zins A H. Designing and testing a Guttman-type social distance scale for a tourism context. Tourism Analysis,2003,volume 8(2):129-135(7)
[11]刘德秀，秦远好．旅游地居民对旅游影响的感知与态度———以重庆南川区金佛山为例．西南大学学报(社会科学版)，2008,34(4):133-138.
[12]李德山，韩春鲜，杨玲．旅游地居民对旅游影响感知研究综述及中外研究比较．人文地理，2010(5):142-147.
[13] García F A,Vázquez A B,Macías R C. Resident's attitudes towards the impacts of tourism. Tourism Management Perspectives,2015,13(1):33-40.
[14] Andereck K L,Nyaupane G P. Exploring the nature of tourism and quality of life perceptions among residents. Journal of Travel Research,2011,49(3):248-260.
[15]张欣然．社区居民对都市近郊乡村旅游影响的感知与态度的实证研究———以成都花香果居景区为例．中国农业资源与区划，2016,37(12):243-248.
[16]张俊英，马耀峰，陈蓉．基于旅游影响感知与态度的乡村旅游地居民类型划分———以青海互助土族自治县小庄村为例．干旱区资源与环境，2013,27(4):204-208.
[17] Gursoy D,Jurowski C,Uysal M. Resident attitudes:A Structural Modeling Approach. Annals of Tourism Research,2002,29(1):79-105.
[18] Lankford S V,Howard D R. Developing a tourism impact attitude scale. Annals of Tourism Research,1994,21(1):121-139.
[19]王莉，陆林．国外旅游地居民对旅游影响的感知与态度研究综述及启示．旅游学刊，2005,20(3):87-93.
[20]吴姗姗，吴晋峰，王云弟，等．国家旅游竞争力与游客感知的关系研究———以旅华欧美游客为例．干旱区资源与环境，2015,29(4):202-208.
[21]路璐，刘春玲，刘琳．滑雪游客感知价值、满意度与行为意向的关系———以崇礼密苑云顶滑雪场为例．干旱区资源与环境，2018(5)
[22] Keogh B. Public participation in community tourism planning. Annals of Tourism Research,1990,17(3):449-465.
[23] Var T,Kendall K W,Tarakcioglu E. Resident attitudes towards tourists in a Turkish resort town. Annals of Tourism Research,1985,12(4):652-658.
[24] Gilbert D,Clark M. An exploratory examination of urban tourism impact,with reference to residents attitudes,in the cities of Canterbury and Guildford. Cities,1997,14(6):343-352.
[25]罗盛锋，刘永丽，黄燕玲，等．西南民族地区旅游影响调控研究———基于游客感知视角．中国农业资源与区划，2015,36(5):50-59.
[26]庄晓平，邱海仪．旅游目的地居民影响感知研究———基于2种调研方法的阳朔实证．华南师范大学学报(自然科学版)，2015,47(3):134-141.
[27] Husbands W. Social status and perception of tourism in Zambia. Annals of Tourism Research,1989,16(2):237-253.
[28] Andereck K L,Valentine K M,Knopf R C,et al. Residents'perceptions of community tourism impacts. Annals of Tourism Research,2005,32(4):1056-1076.
[29]李秋成，周玲强，范莉娜．社区人际关系、人地关系对居民旅游支持度的影响———基于两个民族旅游村寨样本的实证研究．商业经济与管理，2015(3):75-84.
[30]邱守明，朱永杰．旅游影响感知如何影响旅游态度?———云南省4个国家公园432份农户调查的实证．商业经济与管理，2018(3)
[31] Haralambopoulos N,Pizam A. Perceived impacts of tourism:The case of samos. Annals of Tourism Research,1996,23(95):503-526.
[32]王咏，陆林．基于社会交换理论的社区旅游支持度模型及应用———以黄山风景区门户社区为例．地理学报，2014,69(10):1557-1574.
[33]白玲，余若男，黄涛，等．农户对旅游的影响认知、满意度与支持度研究———以北京市自然保护区为例．干旱区资源与环境，2018(1).
[34]罗佳琦，保继刚．香港居民对非赌场类博彩的感知和态度———基于结构方程模型的实证研究．旅游学刊，2014,29(6):97-106.
[35] Jurowski C,Uysal M,Williams D R. A theoretical analysis of host community resident reactions to tourism. Journal of Travel Research,2016,36(2):3-11.
[36] Mccool S F,Martin S R. community attachment and attitudes toward tourism development. Journal of Travel Research,1994,32(3):29-34.
[37] Goudy W J. Community Attachment in a Rural Region. Rural Sociology,2010,55(2):178-198.
[38] Um S,Crompton J L. Measuring residents'attachment levels in a host community. Journal of Travel Research,1987,26(1):27-29.
[39] Ahmed A M. Group identity,social distance and intergroup bias. Journal of Economic Psychology,2007,28(3):324-337.
[40] Joo D,Tasci A,Woosnam K M,et al. Residents'attitude towards domestic tourists explained by contact,emotional solidarity and social distance. Tourism Management,2018,64:245-257.
[41] Yilmaz S S,Tasci A D A. Internet as an information source and social distance:any relationship?. Journal of Hospitality&Tourism Technology,2013,4(2):188-196.
[42] Reisinger Y,Turner L W. Cultural differences between Asian tourist markets and Australian hosts:Part 1. Journal of Travel Research,2002,40(3):295-315.
[43] Reisinger Y,Turner L W. Cultural differences between Asian tourist markets and Australian hosts:Part 2. Journal of Travel Research,2014,40(4)385-395.
[44] Sinkovics R R,Penz E. Social distance between residents and international tourists-Implications for international business. International Business Review,2009,18(5):457-469.
[45] Thyne M,Lawson R,Todd S. The use of conjoint analysis to assess the impact of the cross-cultural exchange between hosts and guests.Tourism Management,2006,27(2):201-213.
[2] Timothy D J,Teye V B. CHAPTER 11-Small-Scale Boutique Accommodations:Inns, Bed and Breakfasts, Lodges, Farm Stays, and Pensions. Tourism&the Lodging Sector,2009:177-195.
[3]张广海，孟禺．国内外民宿旅游研究进展．资源开发与市场，2017,33(4):503-507.
[4]马鹏，张威．游客互动、体验价值、主观幸福感关系研究———一个民宿旅居者视角的实证检验．消费经济，2017(5):83-90.
[5]凌云，刘雪宸，丁婧，等．青年选择分享型住宿的本真性动机研究．中国青年研究，2018(3)
[6] Ap J,Crompton J L. Developing and testing a tourism impact scale. Journal of Travel Research,1998,37(2):120-130.
[7] Dyer P,Gursoy D,Sharma B,et al. Structural modeling of resident perceptions of tourism and associated development on the Sunshine Coast,Australia. Tourism Management,2007,28(2):409-422.
[8]吴冰，李森，周全丽，等．社区居民对入境旅游供给感知的差异分析基于不同人口的统计特征．资源开发与市场，2015,31(10):1242-1245.
[9]陈珂，张金鑫，张琦．大梨树村居民旅游影响感知、参与意愿及参与行为研究．农业经济，2016(5):26-28.
[10] Thyne M,Zins A H. Designing and testing a Guttman-type social distance scale for a tourism context. Tourism Analysis,2003,volume 8(2):129-135(7)
[11]刘德秀，秦远好．旅游地居民对旅游影响的感知与态度———以重庆南川区金佛山为例．西南大学学报(社会科学版)，2008,34(4):133-138.
[12]李德山，韩春鲜，杨玲．旅游地居民对旅游影响感知研究综述及中外研究比较．人文地理，2010(5):142-147.
[13] García F A,Vázquez A B,Macías R C. Resident's attitudes towards the impacts of tourism. Tourism Management Perspectives,2015,13(1):33-40.
[14] Andereck K L,Nyaupane G P. Exploring the nature of tourism and quality of life perceptions among residents. Journal of Travel Research,2011,49(3):248-260.
[15]张欣然．社区居民对都市近郊乡村旅游影响的感知与态度的实证研究———以成都花香果居景区为例．中国农业资源与区划，2016,37(12):243-248.
[16]张俊英，马耀峰，陈蓉．基于旅游影响感知与态度的乡村旅游地居民类型划分———以青海互助土族自治县小庄村为例．干旱区资源与环境，2013,27(4):204-208.
[17] Gursoy D,Jurowski C,Uysal M. Resident attitudes:A Structural Modeling Approach. Annals of Tourism Research,2002,29(1):79-105.
[18] Lankford S V,Howard D R. Developing a tourism impact attitude scale. Annals of Tourism Research,1994,21(1):121-139.
[19]王莉，陆林．国外旅游地居民对旅游影响的感知与态度研究综述及启示．旅游学刊，2005,20(3):87-93.
[20]吴姗姗，吴晋峰，王云弟，等．国家旅游竞争力与游客感知的关系研究———以旅华欧美游客为例．干旱区资源与环境，2015,29(4):202-208.
[21]路璐，刘春玲，刘琳．滑雪游客感知价值、满意度与行为意向的关系———以崇礼密苑云顶滑雪场为例．干旱区资源与环境，2018(5)
[22] Keogh B. Public participation in community tourism planning. Annals of Tourism Research,1990,17(3):449-465.
[23] Var T,Kendall K W,Tarakcioglu E. Resident attitudes towards tourists in a Turkish resort town. Annals of Tourism Research,1985,12(4):652-658.
[24] Gilbert D,Clark M. An exploratory examination of urban tourism impact,with reference to residents attitudes,in the cities of Canterbury and Guildford. Cities,1997,14(6):343-352.
[25]罗盛锋，刘永丽，黄燕玲，等．西南民族地区旅游影响调控研究———基于游客感知视角．中国农业资源与区划，2015,36(5):50-59.
[26]庄晓平，邱海仪．旅游目的地居民影响感知研究———基于2种调研方法的阳朔实证．华南师范大学学报(自然科学版)，2015,47(3):134-141.
[27] Husbands W. Social status and perception of tourism in Zambia. Annals of Tourism Research,1989,16(2):237-253.
[28] Andereck K L,Valentine K M,Knopf R C,et al. Residents'perceptions of community tourism impacts. Annals of Tourism Research,2005,32(4):1056-1076.
[29]李秋成，周玲强，范莉娜．社区人际关系、人地关系对居民旅游支持度的影响———基于两个民族旅游村寨样本的实证研究．商业经济与管理，2015(3):75-84.
[30]邱守明，朱永杰．旅游影响感知如何影响旅游态度?———云南省4个国家公园432份农户调查的实证．商业经济与管理，2018(3)
[31] Haralambopoulos N,Pizam A. Perceived impacts of tourism:The case of samos. Annals of Tourism Research,1996,23(95):503-526.
[32]王咏，陆林．基于社会交换理论的社区旅游支持度模型及应用———以黄山风景区门户社区为例．地理学报，2014,69(10):1557-1574.
[33]白玲，余若男，黄涛，等．农户对旅游的影响认知、满意度与支持度研究———以北京市自然保护区为例．干旱区资源与环境，2018(1).
[34]罗佳琦，保继刚．香港居民对非赌场类博彩的感知和态度———基于结构方程模型的实证研究．旅游学刊，2014,29(6):97-106.
[35] Jurowski C,Uysal M,Williams D R. A theoretical analysis of host community resident reactions to tourism. Journal of Travel Research,2016,36(2):3-11.
[36] Mccool S F,Martin S R. community attachment and attitudes toward tourism development. Journal of Travel Research,1994,32(3):29-34.
[37] Goudy W J. Community Attachment in a Rural Region. Rural Sociology,2010,55(2):178-198.
[38] Um S,Crompton J L. Measuring residents'attachment levels in a host community. Journal of Travel Research,1987,26(1):27-29.
[39] Ahmed A M. Group identity,social distance and intergroup bias. Journal of Economic Psychology,2007,28(3):324-337.
[40] Joo D,Tasci A,Woosnam K M,et al. Residents'attitude towards domestic tourists explained by contact,emotional solidarity and social distance. Tourism Management,2018,64:245-257.
[41] Yilmaz S S,Tasci A D A. Internet as an information source and social distance:any relationship?. Journal of Hospitality&Tourism Technology,2013,4(2):188-196.
[42] Reisinger Y,Turner L W. Cultural differences between Asian tourist markets and Australian hosts:Part 1. Journal of Travel Research,2002,40(3):295-315.
[43] Reisinger Y,Turner L W. Cultural differences between Asian tourist markets and Australian hosts:Part 2. Journal of Travel Research,2014,40(4)385-395.
[44] Sinkovics R R,Penz E. Social distance between residents and international tourists-Implications for international business. International Business Review,2009,18(5):457-469.
[45] Thyne M,Lawson R,Todd S. The use of conjoint analysis to assess the impact of the cross-cultural exchange between hosts and guests.Tourism Management,2006,27(2):201-213.