基于两山理论的传统村落旅游业绿色发展模式探讨
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摘要
在旅游业快速发展过程中,许多传统村落面临过度商业化、传统建筑损坏、本土文化丧失、环境污染等问题。以北京市爨底下村为案例地,采取问卷调查等方法,分析其资源环境特点、旅游产业发展现状与问题,探究两山理论下传统村落旅游业绿色发展模式。结果表明:(1)该村"青山"资源和人文资源丰富,"绿水"资源稀少。(2)旅游业是该村振兴发展的主导产业,是村民增收致富的主要途径。(3)该村旅游业发展中仍然存在一些问题:村落有青山无绿水;旅游产品结构单一;营销方式传统粗放;旅游开发与管理体制不顺;旅游公共服务设施不够完善。(4)基于两山理论与绿色发展理论,构建了保护性开发资源、创意化设计产品、绿色化服务供给、多渠道营销、多元化社区参与、三权分离管理的传统村落旅游业"六翼齐飞"的绿色发展模式。
In the process of rapid development of tourism,many traditional villages are confronted with the problems of excessive commercialization,traditional buildings damage,loss of local culture,environmental pollution,and so on. Taking the Cuandixia village in Beijing as a case,we analyzed the characteristics of its tourism resources,the present situation and problems of tourism development,and explored the green development mode of traditional village tourism under the " two mountains" theory by means of taking the questionnaire and other methods. The results show that:(1) The " green hills" resources and human resources of the village are rich,however " clear waters" resources are scarce.(2) Tourism is the leading industry for the revitalization and development of the village,and the main way for villagers to increase income and become rich.(3) There are some problems in the development of tourism in the village. Firstly,there is no river in the village; secondly,the structure of tourism products is single; thirdly,the methods of marketing are traditional; fourthly,the system of tourism development and management is not smooth; fifthly,tourism public service facilities are imperfect.(4)Finally,based on the above research results,we construct a " six-wing flying" model of the green development of traditional village tourism with resources,products,services,marketing,community and management system as the core under the guidance of " two mountains" theory.
In the process of rapid development of tourism,many traditional villages are confronted with the problems of excessive commercialization,traditional buildings damage,loss of local culture,environmental pollution,and so on. Taking the Cuandixia village in Beijing as a case,we analyzed the characteristics of its tourism resources,the present situation and problems of tourism development,and explored the green development mode of traditional village tourism under the " two mountains" theory by means of taking the questionnaire and other methods. The results show that:(1) The " green hills" resources and human resources of the village are rich,however " clear waters" resources are scarce.(2) Tourism is the leading industry for the revitalization and development of the village,and the main way for villagers to increase income and become rich.(3) There are some problems in the development of tourism in the village. Firstly,there is no river in the village; secondly,the structure of tourism products is single; thirdly,the methods of marketing are traditional; fourthly,the system of tourism development and management is not smooth; fifthly,tourism public service facilities are imperfect.(4)Finally,based on the above research results,we construct a " six-wing flying" model of the green development of traditional village tourism with resources,products,services,marketing,community and management system as the core under the guidance of " two mountains" theory.
引文
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[13]王会,姜雪梅,陈建成,等."绿水青山"与"金山银山"关系的经济理论解析[J].中国农村经济,2017,33(4):2-12.
[14]卢宁.从"两山理论"到绿色发展:马克思主义生产力理论的创新成果[J].浙江社会科学,2016,32(1):22-24.
[15]唐承财,周悦月,钟林生,等.生态文明建设视角下北京乡村生态旅游发展模式探讨[J].生态经济,2017,33(4):127-132.
[16]颜亚玉,张荔榕.不同经营模式下的"社区参与"机制比较研究-以古村落旅游为例[J].人文地理,2008,23(4):89-94.
[17]王纯阳,黄福才.从"社区参与"走向"社区增权"-开平碉楼与村落为例[J].人文地理,2013,28(1):141-149.
[18]何佳梅,李建卫,陈艳红.旅游景区三权分离问题探讨[J].理论界,2008,24(3):246-247.
[2]冯骥才.传统村落的困境与出路-兼谈传统村落是另一类文化遗产[J].民间文化论坛,2013,32(1):7-12.
[3]马航.中国传统村落的延续与演变-传统聚落规划的再思考[J].城市规划学刊,2006,50(1):102-107.
[4]林祖锐,常江,刘婕,等.旅游发展影响下传统村落的整合与重构-以河北省邢台县英谈传统村落为例[J].现代城市研究,2015,30(6):32-38.
[5]Tang C C,Zheng Q Q,et al. A review of green development in the tourism industry[J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology,2017,8(5):449-459.
[6]卢松,周小凤,张小军,等.旅游驱动下的传统村落城镇化研究-以世界文化遗产宏村为例[J].热带地理,2017,38(3):293-303.
[7]车震宇,保继刚.传统村落旅游开发与形态变化研究[J].规划师,2006,22(6):45-60.
[8]朱生东.基于共生理论的古村落遗产旅游整体开发模式研究-以西递为例[J].中南林业科技大学学报(社会科学版),2015,9(4):33-37,43.
[9]张伟.区域协同推进传统村落活化和可持续发展[J].改革与开放,2017,32(12):58-59.
[10]张建忠,刘家明,柴达.基于文化生态旅游视角的古村落旅游开发-以后沟古村为例[J].经济地理,2015,35(9):189-194.
[11]Gao J,Wu B. Revitalizing traditional villages through rural tourism:A case study of Yuanjia Village,Shaanxi Province,China[J]. Tourism Management,2017,138(4):223-233.
[12]孙九霞.传统村落-理论内涵与发展路径[J].旅游学刊,2017,32(1):1-3.
[13]王会,姜雪梅,陈建成,等."绿水青山"与"金山银山"关系的经济理论解析[J].中国农村经济,2017,33(4):2-12.
[14]卢宁.从"两山理论"到绿色发展:马克思主义生产力理论的创新成果[J].浙江社会科学,2016,32(1):22-24.
[15]唐承财,周悦月,钟林生,等.生态文明建设视角下北京乡村生态旅游发展模式探讨[J].生态经济,2017,33(4):127-132.
[16]颜亚玉,张荔榕.不同经营模式下的"社区参与"机制比较研究-以古村落旅游为例[J].人文地理,2008,23(4):89-94.
[17]王纯阳,黄福才.从"社区参与"走向"社区增权"-开平碉楼与村落为例[J].人文地理,2013,28(1):141-149.
[18]何佳梅,李建卫,陈艳红.旅游景区三权分离问题探讨[J].理论界,2008,24(3):246-247.
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