岩溶空腔水气压力脉动效应的发现及意义
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摘要
通过塌陷的地质模式概化,设计物理模型实验探索岩溶空腔在开放、密闭条件下,地下水位下降时水气压力变化的规律。实验结果表明:(1)在密闭条件下水位下降时,空腔内的水气压力处于负压状态,并呈有规律的波动,波动周期和幅度主要受初始水位的影响;(2)在密封-开放-密封实验中,当系统突然转为开放条件时,岩溶空腔内的水气压力发生突变,压力突变值可达密闭系统条件下最大波动值的3倍;(3)岩溶空腔水位下降过程中,水气压力对岩溶空腔顶部有周期性的高频振动作用,具有压力脉动的特征;(4)密闭条件下的岩溶空腔水位下降引起的水气压力变化可通过时间变量的一次函数来描述,函数斜率受出水口及岩溶空腔截面积影响,截距与初始水位紧密相关。对水气压力所产生的高频振动特征进行深入研究,将有助于岩溶塌陷机理及防治研究的突破。
Through the generalization of geological model of collapse, aphysical experimental model was designed to explore the changeof water-gas pressure within the karst cavity under the conditions of both openand closed systemswhen groundwater level declined. The experimental results show that,(1) When the karst cavity is of a closed system, negative pressure with regular fluctuations appears during the declining process of groundwater. Their periodicity and amplitude of fluctuations relate well to the initial water level.(2) Once the airtight systemsuddenly turns into openone, a sudden change of water-gas pressure within karst cavity occurs. This change value could reach 3 times of original value.(3) The periodical high-frequency vibration of water-air pressure is acting on the cavity roof during the declining process of groundwater and has the characteristics of pressure pulsation.(4) The change of water-gas pressure caused by the decrease of water level under closed condition can be described by a linear function of time variable. The slope of the function is affected by the section area of karst cavity and the outlet. The intercept of the function is closely related to initial water level. The effect of high-frequency vibration of water-air pressure on overburden needs further studies,which will contribute to the formation mechanism of karst collapseand breakthroughs in prevention research.
Through the generalization of geological model of collapse, aphysical experimental model was designed to explore the changeof water-gas pressure within the karst cavity under the conditions of both openand closed systemswhen groundwater level declined. The experimental results show that,(1) When the karst cavity is of a closed system, negative pressure with regular fluctuations appears during the declining process of groundwater. Their periodicity and amplitude of fluctuations relate well to the initial water level.(2) Once the airtight systemsuddenly turns into openone, a sudden change of water-gas pressure within karst cavity occurs. This change value could reach 3 times of original value.(3) The periodical high-frequency vibration of water-air pressure is acting on the cavity roof during the declining process of groundwater and has the characteristics of pressure pulsation.(4) The change of water-gas pressure caused by the decrease of water level under closed condition can be described by a linear function of time variable. The slope of the function is affected by the section area of karst cavity and the outlet. The intercept of the function is closely related to initial water level. The effect of high-frequency vibration of water-air pressure on overburden needs further studies,which will contribute to the formation mechanism of karst collapseand breakthroughs in prevention research.
引文
[1] 徐卫国,赵桂荣.论岩溶塌陷形成机理[[J].煤炭学报,1986(2):1-11.
[2] 左平怡.论岩溶地面塌陷的形成过程与机理[J].中国岩溶,1987,6(1):71-79.
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[4] 李卫民.人为岩溶塌陷机理分析及防治措施[J].工程勘察,2010(S1):112-117.
[5] 王延岭,陈伟清,蒋小珍,等.山东省泰莱盆地岩溶塌陷发育特征及形成机理[J].中国岩溶,2015,34(5):495-506.
[6] 蒋小珍,雷明堂,管振德.湖南宁乡大成桥充水矿山疏干区岩溶系统水气压力监测及突变特征[J].中国岩溶,2016,35(2):179-189.
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[9] 雷明堂,李瑜,蒋小珍,等.岩溶塌陷灾害监测预报技术与方法初步研究:以桂林市柘木村岩溶塌陷监测为例[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2004(S1):148-152.
[10] 戴建玲,罗伟权,吴远斌,等.广西来宾市良江镇吉利村岩溶塌陷成因机制分析[J].中国岩溶,2017,36(6):808-818.
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[13] 吴玉林,吴晓晶,刘树红.水轮机内部涡流与尾水管压力脉动相关性分析[J].水力发电学报,2007(5):122-127.
[14] 杨建东,胡金弘,曾威,等.原型混流式水泵水轮机过渡过程中的压力脉动[J].水利学报,2016,47(7):858-864.
[15] 钱忠东,陆杰,郭志伟,等.水泵水轮机在水轮机工况下压力脉动特性[J].排灌机械工程学报,2016,34(8):672-678.
[16] 杨孙圣,孔繁余,张新鹏,等.液力透平非定常压力脉动的数值计算与分析[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(7):67-72.
[17] 李琪飞,刘超,王源凯,等.异常低水头下水泵水轮机压力脉动特性分析[J].兰州理工大学学报,2017,43(2):59-64.
[18] 徐卫国,赵桂荣.试论岩溶矿区地面塌陷的真空吸蚀作用[J].地质论评,1981(2):174-180,183.
[19] 蒋小珍.岩溶塌陷中水压力的触发作用[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1998(3):42-47.
[20] 蒋小珍,雷明堂,管振德.岩溶塌陷灾害的水动力条件危险性评价指标:以广西贵港青云村为例[J].地下空间与工程学报,2012,8(6):1316-1321.
[21] 蒋小珍,雷明堂,管振德.单层土体结构岩溶土洞的形成机理[J].中国岩溶,2012,31(4):426-432.
[22] 王延岭.山东省泰莱盆地岩溶地面塌陷影响因素分析[J].中国岩溶,2016,35(1):60-66.
[23] 潘宗源,蒋小珍,戴建玲,等.岩溶矿床疏干区地下水位恢复对岩溶塌陷作用机制的研究:以湖南宁乡大成桥为例[J].中国岩溶,2017,36(6):786-794.
[24] 袁杰,高宗军,马海会.论岩溶地下水位对岩溶塌陷形成的控制作用:以山东枣庄市岩溶地面塌陷区为例[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2010,21(4):95-98.
[25] 代群力.岩溶矿区地面塌陷成因新说:共振论[J].中国煤田地质,1991(3):66-68.
[2] 左平怡.论岩溶地面塌陷的形成过程与机理[J].中国岩溶,1987,6(1):71-79.
[3] 雷明堂,蒋小珍.岩溶塌陷研究现状、发展趋势及其支撑技术方法[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1998,9(3):1-6.
[4] 李卫民.人为岩溶塌陷机理分析及防治措施[J].工程勘察,2010(S1):112-117.
[5] 王延岭,陈伟清,蒋小珍,等.山东省泰莱盆地岩溶塌陷发育特征及形成机理[J].中国岩溶,2015,34(5):495-506.
[6] 蒋小珍,雷明堂,管振德.湖南宁乡大成桥充水矿山疏干区岩溶系统水气压力监测及突变特征[J].中国岩溶,2016,35(2):179-189.
[7] 李瑜,朱平,雷明堂,等.岩溶地面塌陷监测技术与方法[J].中国岩溶,2005,24(2):103-108.
[8] 张丽芬,曾夏生,姚运生,等.我国岩溶塌陷研究综述[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2007(3):126-130.
[9] 雷明堂,李瑜,蒋小珍,等.岩溶塌陷灾害监测预报技术与方法初步研究:以桂林市柘木村岩溶塌陷监测为例[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2004(S1):148-152.
[10] 戴建玲,罗伟权,吴远斌,等.广西来宾市良江镇吉利村岩溶塌陷成因机制分析[J].中国岩溶,2017,36(6):808-818.
[11] 曹细冲.矿井疏干区岩溶塌陷的水击气爆作用研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2017.
[12] 郑源,汪宝罗,屈波.混流式水轮机尾水管压力脉动研究综述[J].水力发电,2007(2):66-69.
[13] 吴玉林,吴晓晶,刘树红.水轮机内部涡流与尾水管压力脉动相关性分析[J].水力发电学报,2007(5):122-127.
[14] 杨建东,胡金弘,曾威,等.原型混流式水泵水轮机过渡过程中的压力脉动[J].水利学报,2016,47(7):858-864.
[15] 钱忠东,陆杰,郭志伟,等.水泵水轮机在水轮机工况下压力脉动特性[J].排灌机械工程学报,2016,34(8):672-678.
[16] 杨孙圣,孔繁余,张新鹏,等.液力透平非定常压力脉动的数值计算与分析[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(7):67-72.
[17] 李琪飞,刘超,王源凯,等.异常低水头下水泵水轮机压力脉动特性分析[J].兰州理工大学学报,2017,43(2):59-64.
[18] 徐卫国,赵桂荣.试论岩溶矿区地面塌陷的真空吸蚀作用[J].地质论评,1981(2):174-180,183.
[19] 蒋小珍.岩溶塌陷中水压力的触发作用[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1998(3):42-47.
[20] 蒋小珍,雷明堂,管振德.岩溶塌陷灾害的水动力条件危险性评价指标:以广西贵港青云村为例[J].地下空间与工程学报,2012,8(6):1316-1321.
[21] 蒋小珍,雷明堂,管振德.单层土体结构岩溶土洞的形成机理[J].中国岩溶,2012,31(4):426-432.
[22] 王延岭.山东省泰莱盆地岩溶地面塌陷影响因素分析[J].中国岩溶,2016,35(1):60-66.
[23] 潘宗源,蒋小珍,戴建玲,等.岩溶矿床疏干区地下水位恢复对岩溶塌陷作用机制的研究:以湖南宁乡大成桥为例[J].中国岩溶,2017,36(6):786-794.
[24] 袁杰,高宗军,马海会.论岩溶地下水位对岩溶塌陷形成的控制作用:以山东枣庄市岩溶地面塌陷区为例[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2010,21(4):95-98.
[25] 代群力.岩溶矿区地面塌陷成因新说:共振论[J].中国煤田地质,1991(3):66-68.