北京都市区居住与产业用地空间格局演化及其对居民通勤行为的影响
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摘要
以北京都市区为研究案例地,采用核密度估计法、Ripley’s K(d)函数分析了北京都市区土地利用空间格局的分布特征与集聚强度,在此基础上,运用多层模型,重点分析了不同土地利用类型对居民通勤行为的影响。研究结果表明:①不同时间段内产业用地的集聚强度都要高于居住用地的集聚强度,说明居住用地出让的空间分布格局更为分散化,而产业用地出让的空间分布格局更为集聚。②土地利用格局显著影响居民的通勤行为,随着产业用地与居住用地密度的提升,居民的通勤时间与通勤距离都明显缩短,说明居住在土地混合程度越高区域的居民能够充分利用区位优势来优化通勤行为;个体属性特征如性别、年龄、职业、住房产权以及邻里特征等因素也会显著影响居民的通勤时间与通勤距离。
Since the Reform and Opening, China's urban land use has undergone tremendous changes, which has a profound impact on the residents' travel behavior. Taking Beijing metropolitan area as a case study, this article analyzes the distribution characteristics and concentration intensity of land use spatial pattern applying the methods of kernel density estimation and Ripley's K(d) function. On this basis, multilevel model is used to analyze the influence of different land use types on the commuter behavior of the residents. The results show that: 1) the concentration intensity of industrial land is higher than residential land in different time periods, indicating that the spatial distribution pattern of residential land transfer is more scattered, and the spatial distribution pattern of industrial land transfer is more concentrated. 2) The land use pattern has a significant impact on the commuting behavior. With the increase of industrial land and residential land density, the residents' commuter time and commuting distance are obviously shortened. It shows that the residents living in the higher land mixing degree can make full use of the location advantage to optimize the commuting behavior; the individual attribute features such as gender, age, occupation, housing property rights and neighborhood characteristics will also significantly affect commuting time and distance.
Since the Reform and Opening, China's urban land use has undergone tremendous changes, which has a profound impact on the residents' travel behavior. Taking Beijing metropolitan area as a case study, this article analyzes the distribution characteristics and concentration intensity of land use spatial pattern applying the methods of kernel density estimation and Ripley's K(d) function. On this basis, multilevel model is used to analyze the influence of different land use types on the commuter behavior of the residents. The results show that: 1) the concentration intensity of industrial land is higher than residential land in different time periods, indicating that the spatial distribution pattern of residential land transfer is more scattered, and the spatial distribution pattern of industrial land transfer is more concentrated. 2) The land use pattern has a significant impact on the commuting behavior. With the increase of industrial land and residential land density, the residents' commuter time and commuting distance are obviously shortened. It shows that the residents living in the higher land mixing degree can make full use of the location advantage to optimize the commuting behavior; the individual attribute features such as gender, age, occupation, housing property rights and neighborhood characteristics will also significantly affect commuting time and distance.
引文
[1]党云晓,董冠鹏,余建辉,等.北京土地利用混合度对居民职住分离的影响[J].地理学报,2015,70(6):919-930.
[2]孙斌栋,但波.上海城市建成环境对居民通勤方式选择的影响[J].地理学报,2015,70(10):1 664-1 674.
[3]韦亚平,潘聪林.大城市街区土地利用特征与居民通勤方式研究——以杭州城西为例[J].城市规划,2012(3):76-84.
[4]郑思齐.城市经济的空间结构:居住,就业及其衍生问题[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2012.
[5] Horner M W. A multi-scale analysis of urban form and commuting change in a small metropolitan area(1990-2000)[J]. Annals of Regional Science,2007,41(2):315-332.
[6] Horner M W,Schleith D. Analyzing temporal changes in landuse-transportation relationships:A LEHD-based approach[J].Applied Geography,2012,35(1):491-498.
[7] Maoh H,Tang Z. Determinants of normal and extreme commute distance in a sprawled midsize Canadian city:evidence from Windsor,Canada[J]. Journal of Transport Geography,2012,25:50-57
[8] Lau J C Y,Chiu C C. Dual-track urbanization and co-location travel behavior of migrant workers in new towns in Guangzhou,China[J]. Cities,2013,30:89-97
[9] Shankar B,Vidhya D. Changing dynamics of land use in residential neighbourhood of Vani Vilasa Mohalla Mysore[J]. Inter‐national Journal of Modern Engineering Research,2013,3(2):678-684.
[10] Antipova A,Wang F,Wilmot C. Urban land uses,socio-demographic attributes and commuting:a multilevel modeling ap‐proach[J]. Applied Geography,2011,31(3):1 010-1 018.
[11] Boarnet M G,Sarmiento S. Can land-use policy really affect travel behaviour?A study of the link between non-work travel and land-use characteristics[J]. Urban Studies,1998,35(7):1 155-1 169.
[12] Ihlanfeldt K R. Exclusionary land-use regulations within suburban communities:a review of the evidence and policy prescrip‐tions[J]. Urban Studies,2004,41(2):261-283.
[13] Kim J H,Hewings G J. Land use regulation and intraregional population-employment interaction[J]. The Annals of Region‐al Science,2003,51(3):671-693.
[14] Jiang C. Mixed-use residential development and its effects on the travel behaviour of residents:findings from case studies in Beijing[D]. Hong Kong:The University of Hong Kong,2005.
[15]韩会然,杨成凤,宋金平.城市居住与就业空间关系研究进展及展望[J].人文地理,2014,29(6):24-31.
[16] Yin C,Sun B. Disentangling the effects of the built environment on car ownership:A multi-level analysis of Chinese cities[J]. Cities,2018(74):188-195.
[17]赵鹏军,孔璐. TOD对北京市居民通勤影响及其机制研究[J].人文地理,2017(5):125-131.
[18]戴刘冬,周锐,张凤娥,等.城市土地利用对居民通勤碳排放的影响研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2016,25(Z1):68-77.
[19]韩会然,杨成凤,宋金平.北京市土地利用变化特征及驱动机制[J].经济地理,2015,35(5):148-154.
[20]韩会然,杨成凤,宋金平.北京市土地利用空间格局演化模拟及预测[J].地理科学进展,2015,34(8):976-986.
[21]冯健.转型期中国城市内部空间重构[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[22]孙胤社.大都市区的形成机制及其定界:以北京为例[J].地理学报,1992,45(6):552-560.
[23]宗跃光,周尚意,张振世,等.北京城郊化空间特征与发展对策[J].地理学报,2002,57(2):135-142.
[24]韩会然,杨成凤,宋金平.公共交通与私家车出行的通勤效率差异及影响因素——以北京都市区为例[J].地理研究,2017,36(2):253-266.
[25] Hong J. Firm heterogeneity and location choices:evidence from foreign manufacturing investments in China[J]. Urban Studies,2009,46(10):2 143-2 157.
[26]周素红,宋江宇,宋广文.广州市居民工作日小汽车出行个体与社区双层影响机制[J].地理学报,2017,72(8):1 444-1 457.
[27]于伟,宋金平,张萌.近十年来北京市住宅用地出让空间演变研究[J].中国土地科学,2012,26(3):86-90.
[28]张景秋,陈叶龙.北京城市办公空间的行业分布及集聚特征[J].地理学报,2011,66(10):1 299-1 308.
[29]高超,金凤君.沿海地区经济技术开发区空间格局演化及产业特征[J].地理学报,2015,70(2):202-213.
[30] Fan Y,Khattak A,Rodr?guez D. Household Excess Travel and Neighbourhood Characteristics[J]. Urban Studies,2011,48(6):1 235-1 253.
[31]刘志林,王茂军.北京市职住空间错位对居民通勤行为的影响分析——基于就业可达性与通勤时间的讨论[J].地理学报,2011,66(4):457-467.
[32] Freedman O,Kern C R. A model of workplace and residence choice in two-worker households[J]. Regional Science and Ur‐ban Economics,1997,27(3):241-260.
[33]冯健,周一星.北京都市区社会空间结构及其演化(1982—2000)[J].地理研究,2003,22(4):465-483.
(1)北京市规划和自然资源委员会网站:http://ghgtw.beijing.gov.cn/col/col3486/index.html.
[2]孙斌栋,但波.上海城市建成环境对居民通勤方式选择的影响[J].地理学报,2015,70(10):1 664-1 674.
[3]韦亚平,潘聪林.大城市街区土地利用特征与居民通勤方式研究——以杭州城西为例[J].城市规划,2012(3):76-84.
[4]郑思齐.城市经济的空间结构:居住,就业及其衍生问题[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2012.
[5] Horner M W. A multi-scale analysis of urban form and commuting change in a small metropolitan area(1990-2000)[J]. Annals of Regional Science,2007,41(2):315-332.
[6] Horner M W,Schleith D. Analyzing temporal changes in landuse-transportation relationships:A LEHD-based approach[J].Applied Geography,2012,35(1):491-498.
[7] Maoh H,Tang Z. Determinants of normal and extreme commute distance in a sprawled midsize Canadian city:evidence from Windsor,Canada[J]. Journal of Transport Geography,2012,25:50-57
[8] Lau J C Y,Chiu C C. Dual-track urbanization and co-location travel behavior of migrant workers in new towns in Guangzhou,China[J]. Cities,2013,30:89-97
[9] Shankar B,Vidhya D. Changing dynamics of land use in residential neighbourhood of Vani Vilasa Mohalla Mysore[J]. Inter‐national Journal of Modern Engineering Research,2013,3(2):678-684.
[10] Antipova A,Wang F,Wilmot C. Urban land uses,socio-demographic attributes and commuting:a multilevel modeling ap‐proach[J]. Applied Geography,2011,31(3):1 010-1 018.
[11] Boarnet M G,Sarmiento S. Can land-use policy really affect travel behaviour?A study of the link between non-work travel and land-use characteristics[J]. Urban Studies,1998,35(7):1 155-1 169.
[12] Ihlanfeldt K R. Exclusionary land-use regulations within suburban communities:a review of the evidence and policy prescrip‐tions[J]. Urban Studies,2004,41(2):261-283.
[13] Kim J H,Hewings G J. Land use regulation and intraregional population-employment interaction[J]. The Annals of Region‐al Science,2003,51(3):671-693.
[14] Jiang C. Mixed-use residential development and its effects on the travel behaviour of residents:findings from case studies in Beijing[D]. Hong Kong:The University of Hong Kong,2005.
[15]韩会然,杨成凤,宋金平.城市居住与就业空间关系研究进展及展望[J].人文地理,2014,29(6):24-31.
[16] Yin C,Sun B. Disentangling the effects of the built environment on car ownership:A multi-level analysis of Chinese cities[J]. Cities,2018(74):188-195.
[17]赵鹏军,孔璐. TOD对北京市居民通勤影响及其机制研究[J].人文地理,2017(5):125-131.
[18]戴刘冬,周锐,张凤娥,等.城市土地利用对居民通勤碳排放的影响研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2016,25(Z1):68-77.
[19]韩会然,杨成凤,宋金平.北京市土地利用变化特征及驱动机制[J].经济地理,2015,35(5):148-154.
[20]韩会然,杨成凤,宋金平.北京市土地利用空间格局演化模拟及预测[J].地理科学进展,2015,34(8):976-986.
[21]冯健.转型期中国城市内部空间重构[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[22]孙胤社.大都市区的形成机制及其定界:以北京为例[J].地理学报,1992,45(6):552-560.
[23]宗跃光,周尚意,张振世,等.北京城郊化空间特征与发展对策[J].地理学报,2002,57(2):135-142.
[24]韩会然,杨成凤,宋金平.公共交通与私家车出行的通勤效率差异及影响因素——以北京都市区为例[J].地理研究,2017,36(2):253-266.
[25] Hong J. Firm heterogeneity and location choices:evidence from foreign manufacturing investments in China[J]. Urban Studies,2009,46(10):2 143-2 157.
[26]周素红,宋江宇,宋广文.广州市居民工作日小汽车出行个体与社区双层影响机制[J].地理学报,2017,72(8):1 444-1 457.
[27]于伟,宋金平,张萌.近十年来北京市住宅用地出让空间演变研究[J].中国土地科学,2012,26(3):86-90.
[28]张景秋,陈叶龙.北京城市办公空间的行业分布及集聚特征[J].地理学报,2011,66(10):1 299-1 308.
[29]高超,金凤君.沿海地区经济技术开发区空间格局演化及产业特征[J].地理学报,2015,70(2):202-213.
[30] Fan Y,Khattak A,Rodr?guez D. Household Excess Travel and Neighbourhood Characteristics[J]. Urban Studies,2011,48(6):1 235-1 253.
[31]刘志林,王茂军.北京市职住空间错位对居民通勤行为的影响分析——基于就业可达性与通勤时间的讨论[J].地理学报,2011,66(4):457-467.
[32] Freedman O,Kern C R. A model of workplace and residence choice in two-worker households[J]. Regional Science and Ur‐ban Economics,1997,27(3):241-260.
[33]冯健,周一星.北京都市区社会空间结构及其演化(1982—2000)[J].地理研究,2003,22(4):465-483.
(1)北京市规划和自然资源委员会网站:http://ghgtw.beijing.gov.cn/col/col3486/index.html.