生物炭对淹水土壤中溶解性有机质含量及组成特征的影响
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摘要
为了探究生物炭对土壤中溶解性有机质(DOM)的影响,采用向水稻土中添加生物炭的厌氧泥浆培养试验,分析添加生物炭后对不同培养阶段的厌氧泥浆中水溶性有机碳(DOC)含量、DOM组成、荧光光谱特性及土壤中Fe(III)还原特征的影响。结果表明:添加生物炭可增加水稻土中DOC含量及影响紫外光谱特征值(SUVA_(254)),引起DOM组分种类和相对含量变化,不同类型土壤间的变化存在差异,酸性水稻土中的作用更为明显。水稻土中Fe(III)的还原效率在添加生物炭下得到促进,同时对土壤的初始pH也产生一定影响。相关分析结果揭示添加生物炭可通过调节SUVA_(254)、DOM组成和体系pH,从而影响厌氧水稻土中的硝酸盐还原、铁还原及产甲烷过程。
In order to investigate the effect of biochar on dissolved organic matter(DOM) in soil, the anaerobic mud culture experiment of adding biochar to paddy soil was carried out to analyze the dissolved organic carbon(DOC) content, the composition of DOM, the fluorescence spectrum characteristics and the Fe(III) reduction in anaerobic mud during different culture stages after adding biochar. The results showed that the addition of biochar could increase the content of DOC in paddy soil and impact the ultraviolet spectrum characteristic value(SUVA_(254)), resulting in the changes of the component and the relative content of DOM, and the changes among different soils were different, the role of biochar was more obvious in acid paddy soil. The reduction efficiency of Fe(III) was promoted by adding biochar, and the initial soil pH was also impacted. The correlation analysis revealed that the addition of biochar could affect the nitrate reduction, iron reduction and methanogenesis in anaerobic paddy soils by adjusting SUVA_(254), DOM composition and pH of the incubation system.
In order to investigate the effect of biochar on dissolved organic matter(DOM) in soil, the anaerobic mud culture experiment of adding biochar to paddy soil was carried out to analyze the dissolved organic carbon(DOC) content, the composition of DOM, the fluorescence spectrum characteristics and the Fe(III) reduction in anaerobic mud during different culture stages after adding biochar. The results showed that the addition of biochar could increase the content of DOC in paddy soil and impact the ultraviolet spectrum characteristic value(SUVA_(254)), resulting in the changes of the component and the relative content of DOM, and the changes among different soils were different, the role of biochar was more obvious in acid paddy soil. The reduction efficiency of Fe(III) was promoted by adding biochar, and the initial soil pH was also impacted. The correlation analysis revealed that the addition of biochar could affect the nitrate reduction, iron reduction and methanogenesis in anaerobic paddy soils by adjusting SUVA_(254), DOM composition and pH of the incubation system.
引文
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[2] Chen J, Gu B, Leboeuf E J, et al. Spectroscopic characterization of the structural and functional properties of natural organic matter fractions[J].Chemosphere,2002,48(1):59-68.
[3] Hur J, Lee B M, Shin K H. Spectroscopic characterization of dissolved organic matter isolates from sediments and the association with phenanthrene binding affinity[J].Chemosphere,2014,111(S1):450-457.
[4] Kaiser K, Guggenberger G, Haumaier L, et al. The composition of dissolved organic matter in forest soil solutions: Changes induced by seasons and passage through the mineral soil[J].Organic Geochemistry,2002,33(3):307-318.
[5] Guggenberger G, Kaiser K. Dissolved organic matter in soil: Challenging the paradigm of sorptive preservation[J].Geoderma,2003,113(3/4):293-310.
[6] Cory R M, McKnight D M. Fluorescence spectroscopy reveals ubiquitous presence of oxidized and reduced quinones in dissolved organic matter[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2005,39(21):8142-8149.
[7] 陶亚,袁田,周顺桂,等.水溶性有机物电子转移能力与荧光峰强度的关系研究[J].环境科学,2012,33(6):1871-1877.
[8] 曲植,李丽娜,贾蓉.水稻土中水溶性有机碳对铁还原过程的贡献[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(2):346-356.
[9] Herath H M S K, Camps-Arbestain M, Hedley M. Effect of biochar on soil physical properties in two contrasting soils: An alfisol and an andisol[J].Geoderma,2013,209/210:188-197.
[10] Beesley L, Marmiroli M, Pagano L, et al. Biochar addition to an arsenic contaminated soil increases arsenic concentrations in the pore water but reduces uptake to tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.)[J].Science of the Total Environment,2013,454/455(5):598-603.
[11] Zhang A F, Bian R J, Pan G X, et al. Effects of biochar amendment on soil quality, crop yield and greenhouse gas emission in a chinese rice paddy: A field study of 2 consecutive rice growing cycles[J].Field Crops Research,2012,127:153-160.
[12] Atkinson C J, Fitzgerald J D, Hipps N A. Potential mechanisms for achieving agricultural benefits from biochar application to temperate soils: A review[J].Plant and Soil,2010,337(1/2):1-18.
[13] Jia R, Li LN, Qu D, et al. Enhanced iron(III) reduction following amendment of paddy soils with biochar and glucose modified biochar[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2018,25(1):91-103.
[14] 唐珺瑶,贾蓉,曲东,等.生物质炭对水稻土中脱氢酶活性和铁还原过程的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(3):262-267.
[15] 唐珺瑶,赵永杰,曲东,等.生物炭对减弱土壤盐渍化的贡献及其机理探讨[J].西北农业学报,2017,26(2):294-303.
[16] 宋建潇,吴超,曲东.有机碳源对水稻土中微生物铁还原特征的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(2):299-306.
[17] 王齐磊,江韬,赵铮,等.三峡库区典型农业小流域土壤溶解性有机质的紫外-可见及荧光特征[J].环境科学,2015,36(3):879-887.
[18] Stedmon C A, Bro R. Characterizing dissolved organic matter fluorescence with parallel factor analysis: A tutorial[J].Limnology and Oceanography Methods,2008,6(11):572-579.
[19] He J, Qu D. Dissimilatory Fe (III) reduction characteristics of paddy soil extract cultures treated with glucose or fatty acids[J].Journal of Environmental Science,2008,20(9):1103-1108.
[20] Fellman J B, Hood E, Spencer R G M. Fluorescence spectroscopy opens new windows into dissolved organic matter dynamics in freshwater ecosystems: A review[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2010,55(6):2452-2462.
[21] Murphy K R, Stedmon C A, Waite T D, et al. Distinguishing between terrestrial and autochthonous organic matter sources in marine environments using fluorescence spectroscopy[J].Marine Chemistry,2008,108(1/2):40-58.
[22] Coble P G, Timperman A T. Fluorescence detection of proteins and amino acids in capillary electrophoresis using a post-column sheath flow reactor[J].Journal of Chromatography A,1998,829(1/2):309.
[23] Yamashita Y, Jaffe R, Maie N, et al. Assessing the dynamics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in coastal environments by excitation emission matrix fluorescence and parallel factor analysis(EEM-PARAFAC)[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2008,53(5):1900-1908.
[24] Kothawala D N, Stedmon C A, Muller R A, et al. Controls of dissolved organic matter quality: Evidence from a large-scale boreal lake survey[J].Global Change Biology,2014,20(4):1101-1114.
[25] 赵世翔,于小玲,李忠徽,等.不同温度制备的生物质炭对土壤有机碳及其组分的影响:对土壤活性有机碳的影响[J].环境科学,2017,38(1):333-342.