松花江干流沿岸人工防护林树种配置方案选择
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摘要
松花江干流沿岸防护林存在着防护林树种及林分结构单一、防护林质量及景观多样性较差、防护林模式配置不够科学合理等问题。为此,本文调查选取适宜松花江沿岸种植的乔木、灌木及草本植物,搭配20种人工防护林配置方案。研究确定综合评价人工防护林功能效益的3个基本准则,即防护功能、景观功能和经济效益,并依据3个基本准则选取7个评价指标,建立人工防护林综合评价结构模型。运用层次分析法和熵权法对20种人工防护林配置方案进行优选。研究结果表明:多种乔木、灌木和草本植物搭配种植的方式能最大发挥防护林的综合功能效益,依据综合评价值确定第(20)、 (8)、 (17)、 (18)、 (11)、 (16)、 (14)种方案为最优配置方式。为松花江干流沿岸人工防护林的建设提供科学支撑。
There are some problems in the shelter forest along the main stream of Songhua River, such as single tree species, single stand structure, poor quality, poor landscape diversity of shelter forest and unscientific allocation of shelter forest model. Based on this, after investigation, this paper selects trees, shrubs and herbs suitable for planting along the Songhua River, and matches 20 kinds of artificial shelter forest allocation schemes. Three basic criteria(protection function, landscape function and economic benefit) are determined. Seven evaluation indexes are selected according to the three basic criteria, and a comprehensive evaluation structure model of artificial shelter forest is established. The allocation schemes of 20 kinds of artificial shelter forest are optimized by analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method. The results show that the combined planting of trees, shrubs and herbs can maximize the comprehensive functional benefits of shelter forest. According to the comprehensive evaluation values, the schemes of (20), (8), (17), (18), (11), (16) and (14) are determined as the best plans. This paper provides scientific support for the construction of artificial shelter forest along the main stream of Songhua River.
There are some problems in the shelter forest along the main stream of Songhua River, such as single tree species, single stand structure, poor quality, poor landscape diversity of shelter forest and unscientific allocation of shelter forest model. Based on this, after investigation, this paper selects trees, shrubs and herbs suitable for planting along the Songhua River, and matches 20 kinds of artificial shelter forest allocation schemes. Three basic criteria(protection function, landscape function and economic benefit) are determined. Seven evaluation indexes are selected according to the three basic criteria, and a comprehensive evaluation structure model of artificial shelter forest is established. The allocation schemes of 20 kinds of artificial shelter forest are optimized by analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method. The results show that the combined planting of trees, shrubs and herbs can maximize the comprehensive functional benefits of shelter forest. According to the comprehensive evaluation values, the schemes of (20), (8), (17), (18), (11), (16) and (14) are determined as the best plans. This paper provides scientific support for the construction of artificial shelter forest along the main stream of Songhua River.
引文
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[16]王建婷,董增川,徐伟,等.嫩江干流防浪林消浪影响因素分析[J].河海大学学报(自然科版),2018,46(1):30-36.WANG J T, DONG Z C, XU W, et al. Influencing factors analysis of wave dissipation of the wavebreak forest in mainstream of Nenjiang River[J]. Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences), 2008, 46(1):30-36.
[17]黄本胜,吉红香.植物护岸对大堤波浪爬高影响试验初探[J].水利技术监督,2005(3):43-46.HUANG B S, JI H X. Preliminary study on the effect of plant bank protection on the wave height of the great dyke[J].Technical Supervision in Water Resources, 2005,(3):43-46.
[18]孟占功,李华娟,张兴兴.长春市6种绿化树种固碳释氧价值核算[J].吉林蔬菜,2012,(8):44-45.MENG Z G, LI H J, ZHANG X X. Valuation of photosynthetic carbon sequestration and oxygen production of the 6 tree species in Changchun city, China[J]. Jilin Vegetable, 2012,(8):44-45.
[19]陈少鹏,庄倩倩,郭太君,等.长春市园林树木固碳释氧与增湿降温效应研究[J].湖北农业科学,2012,51(4):750-756.CHEN S P, ZHUANG Q Q, GUO T J, et al. Study on carbon fixation, oxygen release, humidity increase and temperature reduction of landscape trees in Changchun City[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences, 2012, 51(4):750-756.
[20]郭杨,卓丽环.哈尔滨居住区常用的12种园林植物固碳释氧能力研究[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(17):5533-5536.GUO Y,ZHUO L H. Analysis of carbon fixation and oxygen release capacity of 12 commonly used plants for the residential community of Harbin[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2014, 42(17):5533-5536.
[21]孙铭.长春市居住区绿地植物固碳释氧能力分析[J].吉林农业,2016(2):80-81.SUN M.Analysis of plant carbon fixation and oxygen release capacity of green space in Changchun residential area[J]. Agriculture of Jilin, 2016(02):80-81.
[22]刘海荣.沈阳市常用灌木固碳释氧降温增湿能力的研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学.2007.LIU H R. Study on the capacity of carbon fixation, oxygen release,cooling and humidification of commonly used shrubs in Shenyang city[D]. Shenyang:Shenyang Agricultural University, 2007.
[23]张建利,溥丽华,喻理飞,等.贵州草海流域森林群落优势植物固碳释氧功能研究[J].现代农业科技,2014(19):185-186.ZHANG J L, PU L H, YU L F, et al. Study on the function of carbon fixation and oxygen release of dominant plants in forest community in Caohai river basin, Guizhou[J].Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, 2014(19):185-186.
[24]周上博.三峡水库消落带生态工程碳汇效益评估[D].重庆:重庆大学,2015.ZHOU S B.Evaluation of carbon sink effects of ecological engineering in the littoral zone of the three gorges reservoir[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University, 2015.
[25]汪应洛.系统工程(2版)[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.WANG Y L. Systems engineering(2nd edition)[M]. Beijing:China Machine Press,2003.
[26]邓雪,李家铭,曾浩健,等.层次分析法权重计算方法分析及其应用研究[J].数学的实践与认识,2012,42(7):93-100.DENG X, LI J M, ZENG H J, et al. Research on computation methods of AHP weight vector and its applications[J].Mathematics in Practice and Theory, 2012, 42(7):93-100.
[27]叶宗裕.关于多指标综合评价中指标正向化和无量纲化方法的选择[J].浙江统计,2003(4):25-26.YE Z Y. Selection of the methods for the positive and nondimensional evaluation of indicators in the multi-index comprehensive evaluation[J]. Zhe Jiang Statistics, 2003(4):25-26.
[28]张立军,袁能文.线性综合评价模型中指标标准化方法的比较与选择[J].统计与信息论坛,2010,25(8):10-15.ZHANG L J,YUAN N W.Comparison and selection of index standardization method in linear comprehensive evaluation model[J]. Statistics&Information Tribune, 2010, 25(8):10-15.
[29]李帅,魏虹,倪细炉,等.基于层次分析法和熵权法的宁夏城市人居环境质量评价[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(9):2700-2708.LI S, WEI H, NI X L, et al. Evaluation of urban human settlement quality in Ningxia based on AHP and the entropy method[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2014, 25(9):2700-2708.
[30]吴开亚,金菊良.区域生态安全评价的熵组合权重属性识别模型[J].地理科学,2008,28(6):754-758.WU K Y, JIN J L.Attribute recognition method of regional ecological security evaluation based on combined weight on principle of relative entropy[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica,2008, 28(6):754-758.
[31]张永雄.种植业单一结构对自然和社会的危害性[J].科学种养,2015(11):57-58.ZHANGY X. Harmfulness of single structure of planting industry to nature and society[J]. Scientific Planting and Breeding,2015(11):57-58.
[32]魏胜林,魏婧.防热辐射和保湿技术对旱柳枝条在沙漠地区扦插的抗高温胁迫研究[J].北方园艺,2010(16):227-231.WEI S L, WEI J. Studies on resistance to high temperature stress of cuttaged dryland willow branch in “Thermal radiation protection and moisturizing technolog” in desert area[J].Northern Horticulture, 2010(16):227-231.
[33]王彦尧.旱柳丛状造林预防水库泥沙淤积的研究[J].中国水土保持,1987(11):8-10.WANG Y Y. Study on siltation prevention of reservoir by forested plantation of upland willow[J]. Soil and Water Conservation In China, 1987(11):8-10.
[2]张天云,陈奎,王秀丽,等.基于改进熵权法确定工程材料评价指标的客观权重[J].机械工程材料,2012,36(3):81-84.ZHANG T Y, CHEN K, WANG X L, et al. Determination of objective weights for evaluation indices of engineering materials by improved entropy method[J].Materials for Mechanical Engineering, 2012, 36(3):81-84.
[3]QI Y G, WEN F S, WANG K, et al. A fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and entropy weight decision-making based method for power network structure assessment[J].International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 2010, 2(5):92-99.
[4]ZOU Z H,YUN Y,SUN J N.Entropy method for determination of weight of evaluating indicators in fuzzy synthetic evaluation for water quality assessment[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2006, 18(5):1020-1023.
[5]胡淑萍.北京山区典型流域防护林体系对位配置研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2008.HU S P. Study on para allocation of protection forest system in typical watershed of Beijing mountain area[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University, 2008.
[6]DORREN L, BERGER F, LMESON A C, et al. Integrity, stability and management of protection forests in the European Alps[J].Forest Ecology and Management, 2004, 195(1):165-176.
[7]PRETI F.Forest protection and protection forest:Tree root degradation over hydrological shallow landslides triggering[J].Ecological Engineering, 2013(61):633-645.
[8]CABORN J M. Shelterbelts and microclimate[M]. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1957.
[9]MAZDA Y, MAGI M, KOGO M, et al. Mangroves as a coastal protection from waves in the Tong King delta,Vietnam[J].Mangroves and Salt Marshes, 1997, 1(2):127-135
[10]郑秋露,廖景平.基于层次分析法的园林景观评价——以华南植物园龙洞琪林为例[J].西北林学院学报,2013,28(6):210-216.ZHENG Q L, LIAO J P. Landscape evaluation based on AHP:A case study of Longdongqilin at South China Botanical Garden[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University, 2013, 28(6):210-216.
[11]邓辅唐,喻正富,杨自全,等.山毛豆、木豆、猪屎豆在高速公路边坡生态恢复工程中的应用[J].中国水土保持,2006(4):21-23.DENG F T, YU Z F, YANG Z Q, et al. Application of white Tephrosia,Cajan and Pallid rattle-box to slope ecological rehabilitation project of freeway[J]. Soil and Water Conservation in China,2006(4):21-23.
[12]杜昕,岳永杰,李钢铁,等.白桦根系生物量与生产力研究[J].林业资源管理2014(5):64-68.DU X, YUE Y J, LI G T, et al.Study on birch root biomass and productivity[J].Forest Resources Management,2014(5):64-68.
[13]李永平,冯永忠,杨改河.北方旱区农田防护林防风效应研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2009,37(6):92-98.LI Y P, FENG Y Z, YANG G H. Study on windbreak effect of farmland shelterbelts in dry farmlands of North China[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2009, 37(6):92-98.
[14]关文彬,李春平,李世锋,等.林带疏透度数字化测度方法的改进及其应用研究[J].应用生态学报,2002(6):651-657.GUAN W B,LI C P,LI S F,et al.Improvement and application of digitized measure on shelterbelt porosity[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2002(6):651-657.
[15]陈玉军.红树林消波效应观测与模拟[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2012.CHEN Y J. Field measurement and simulation of wave attenuation effects in mangroves[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Forestry,2012.
[16]王建婷,董增川,徐伟,等.嫩江干流防浪林消浪影响因素分析[J].河海大学学报(自然科版),2018,46(1):30-36.WANG J T, DONG Z C, XU W, et al. Influencing factors analysis of wave dissipation of the wavebreak forest in mainstream of Nenjiang River[J]. Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences), 2008, 46(1):30-36.
[17]黄本胜,吉红香.植物护岸对大堤波浪爬高影响试验初探[J].水利技术监督,2005(3):43-46.HUANG B S, JI H X. Preliminary study on the effect of plant bank protection on the wave height of the great dyke[J].Technical Supervision in Water Resources, 2005,(3):43-46.
[18]孟占功,李华娟,张兴兴.长春市6种绿化树种固碳释氧价值核算[J].吉林蔬菜,2012,(8):44-45.MENG Z G, LI H J, ZHANG X X. Valuation of photosynthetic carbon sequestration and oxygen production of the 6 tree species in Changchun city, China[J]. Jilin Vegetable, 2012,(8):44-45.
[19]陈少鹏,庄倩倩,郭太君,等.长春市园林树木固碳释氧与增湿降温效应研究[J].湖北农业科学,2012,51(4):750-756.CHEN S P, ZHUANG Q Q, GUO T J, et al. Study on carbon fixation, oxygen release, humidity increase and temperature reduction of landscape trees in Changchun City[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences, 2012, 51(4):750-756.
[20]郭杨,卓丽环.哈尔滨居住区常用的12种园林植物固碳释氧能力研究[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(17):5533-5536.GUO Y,ZHUO L H. Analysis of carbon fixation and oxygen release capacity of 12 commonly used plants for the residential community of Harbin[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2014, 42(17):5533-5536.
[21]孙铭.长春市居住区绿地植物固碳释氧能力分析[J].吉林农业,2016(2):80-81.SUN M.Analysis of plant carbon fixation and oxygen release capacity of green space in Changchun residential area[J]. Agriculture of Jilin, 2016(02):80-81.
[22]刘海荣.沈阳市常用灌木固碳释氧降温增湿能力的研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学.2007.LIU H R. Study on the capacity of carbon fixation, oxygen release,cooling and humidification of commonly used shrubs in Shenyang city[D]. Shenyang:Shenyang Agricultural University, 2007.
[23]张建利,溥丽华,喻理飞,等.贵州草海流域森林群落优势植物固碳释氧功能研究[J].现代农业科技,2014(19):185-186.ZHANG J L, PU L H, YU L F, et al. Study on the function of carbon fixation and oxygen release of dominant plants in forest community in Caohai river basin, Guizhou[J].Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, 2014(19):185-186.
[24]周上博.三峡水库消落带生态工程碳汇效益评估[D].重庆:重庆大学,2015.ZHOU S B.Evaluation of carbon sink effects of ecological engineering in the littoral zone of the three gorges reservoir[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University, 2015.
[25]汪应洛.系统工程(2版)[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.WANG Y L. Systems engineering(2nd edition)[M]. Beijing:China Machine Press,2003.
[26]邓雪,李家铭,曾浩健,等.层次分析法权重计算方法分析及其应用研究[J].数学的实践与认识,2012,42(7):93-100.DENG X, LI J M, ZENG H J, et al. Research on computation methods of AHP weight vector and its applications[J].Mathematics in Practice and Theory, 2012, 42(7):93-100.
[27]叶宗裕.关于多指标综合评价中指标正向化和无量纲化方法的选择[J].浙江统计,2003(4):25-26.YE Z Y. Selection of the methods for the positive and nondimensional evaluation of indicators in the multi-index comprehensive evaluation[J]. Zhe Jiang Statistics, 2003(4):25-26.
[28]张立军,袁能文.线性综合评价模型中指标标准化方法的比较与选择[J].统计与信息论坛,2010,25(8):10-15.ZHANG L J,YUAN N W.Comparison and selection of index standardization method in linear comprehensive evaluation model[J]. Statistics&Information Tribune, 2010, 25(8):10-15.
[29]李帅,魏虹,倪细炉,等.基于层次分析法和熵权法的宁夏城市人居环境质量评价[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(9):2700-2708.LI S, WEI H, NI X L, et al. Evaluation of urban human settlement quality in Ningxia based on AHP and the entropy method[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2014, 25(9):2700-2708.
[30]吴开亚,金菊良.区域生态安全评价的熵组合权重属性识别模型[J].地理科学,2008,28(6):754-758.WU K Y, JIN J L.Attribute recognition method of regional ecological security evaluation based on combined weight on principle of relative entropy[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica,2008, 28(6):754-758.
[31]张永雄.种植业单一结构对自然和社会的危害性[J].科学种养,2015(11):57-58.ZHANGY X. Harmfulness of single structure of planting industry to nature and society[J]. Scientific Planting and Breeding,2015(11):57-58.
[32]魏胜林,魏婧.防热辐射和保湿技术对旱柳枝条在沙漠地区扦插的抗高温胁迫研究[J].北方园艺,2010(16):227-231.WEI S L, WEI J. Studies on resistance to high temperature stress of cuttaged dryland willow branch in “Thermal radiation protection and moisturizing technolog” in desert area[J].Northern Horticulture, 2010(16):227-231.
[33]王彦尧.旱柳丛状造林预防水库泥沙淤积的研究[J].中国水土保持,1987(11):8-10.WANG Y Y. Study on siltation prevention of reservoir by forested plantation of upland willow[J]. Soil and Water Conservation In China, 1987(11):8-10.
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