基于遥感反演预测“引江济淮”工程对菜子湖越冬水鸟栖息地的影响
|
摘要
菜子湖位于"东亚-澳大利西亚"候鸟迁徙路线上,为越冬水鸟提供重要的栖息地。"引江济淮"工程拟通过菜子湖调引长江水,向巢湖和淮河输送水资源。工程实施后,菜子湖冬季水位将明显抬升,改变原有自然节律,导致湿地景观格局发生重大变化,可能对在此越冬的水鸟产生重要影响。结合遥感影像、水位季节动态及野外水鸟调查,分析不同水位时各类湿地景观斑块的分布及面积,预测工程实施后湖泊水位变化对越冬水鸟栖息地的影响。2016年和2017年两次同步调查共记录到水鸟49450只,隶属于6目12科42种。菜子湖水位和湿地景观格局具有明显的季节动态, 10月份水位开始下降,暴露多种湿地景观斑块,泥滩和草滩面积随水位下降而增加,为多种越冬水鸟提供觅食地。泥滩和草滩的分布具有空间异质性,越冬水鸟的空间分布与此相适应。"引江济淮"工程实施后,菜子湖冬季水位较高,导致大量泥滩和草滩不能暴露,越冬水鸟栖息地丧失严重,如东方白鹳(Ciconiaboyciana)(EN)、白鹤(Grusleucogeranus)(CR)、白头鹤(Grus monacha)(UV)和鸿雁(Anser cygnoides)(UV)等濒危物种。为降低工程对越冬水鸟栖息地的影响,建议工程实施后菜子湖越冬期水位应不超过11.5米。
Caizi Lake is located on the "East Asia-Australasia" migratory route, providing important habitats for wintering waterbirds. According to the water transfer project from Yangtze River to Huai River, water in Yangtze River will be transferred to Chao Lake and Huai River via Caizi Lake. The project will ultimately increase the water level in Caizi in winter, changing the seasonal water level fluctuations. The resulting changes in wetland landscape pattern may have great effects on the wintering waterbirds in the lake. To predict the potential effects of the project on wintering waterbirds in Caizi Lake, we quantified the relationship between habitat areas for wintering waterbirds and water level using remote sensed images, water data and waterbirds surveys. A total of 49 450 waterbirds, belonging to 42 species and 12 families, were recorded during the two surveys in 2016 and 2017. There were obviously seasonal fluctuations in water level and thus wetland landscape pattern in the lake.From October of each year, water begins to recede, exposing various wetland patches and providing foraging grounds for a large array of waterbird species. The distribution of mudflats and grassland is spatially heterogeneous, resulting in the spatial distribution pattern of the wintering waterbirds. After accomplishment of the project, the water level in winter will be high and the large areas of mudflats and grassland would not be exposed to provide habitats for the waterbirds, especially for endangered species on The IUCN Red List, e.g. Ciconia boyciana(EN), Grus leucogeranus(CR), Grus monacha(UV) and Anser cygnoides(UV). To reduce the negative effects of the project on the wintering waterbirds in Caizi Lake, we suggest that the water level in winter should not be higher than 11.5 m during the operation of the project.
Caizi Lake is located on the "East Asia-Australasia" migratory route, providing important habitats for wintering waterbirds. According to the water transfer project from Yangtze River to Huai River, water in Yangtze River will be transferred to Chao Lake and Huai River via Caizi Lake. The project will ultimately increase the water level in Caizi in winter, changing the seasonal water level fluctuations. The resulting changes in wetland landscape pattern may have great effects on the wintering waterbirds in the lake. To predict the potential effects of the project on wintering waterbirds in Caizi Lake, we quantified the relationship between habitat areas for wintering waterbirds and water level using remote sensed images, water data and waterbirds surveys. A total of 49 450 waterbirds, belonging to 42 species and 12 families, were recorded during the two surveys in 2016 and 2017. There were obviously seasonal fluctuations in water level and thus wetland landscape pattern in the lake.From October of each year, water begins to recede, exposing various wetland patches and providing foraging grounds for a large array of waterbird species. The distribution of mudflats and grassland is spatially heterogeneous, resulting in the spatial distribution pattern of the wintering waterbirds. After accomplishment of the project, the water level in winter will be high and the large areas of mudflats and grassland would not be exposed to provide habitats for the waterbirds, especially for endangered species on The IUCN Red List, e.g. Ciconia boyciana(EN), Grus leucogeranus(CR), Grus monacha(UV) and Anser cygnoides(UV). To reduce the negative effects of the project on the wintering waterbirds in Caizi Lake, we suggest that the water level in winter should not be higher than 11.5 m during the operation of the project.
引文
[1]张明祥,严承高,王建春,等.中国湿地资源的退化及其原因分析[J].林业资源管理,2001,(3):23-26.
[2]徐先海.安庆沿江湿地退化及人为影响研究[J].赤峰学院学报(自然版),2015,(22):201-202.
[3]WELLER M W.Seasonal Dynamics of Bird Assemblages in a Texas Estuarine Wetland(Dinámica Estacional de Agregaciones de Aves en un Estuario en Texas)[J].Journal of Field Ornithol,1994,65(3):388-401.
[4]金欣,任晓彤,彭鹤博,等.崇明东滩鸟类栖息地优化区越冬水鸟的栖息地利用及影响因子[J].动物学杂志,2013,48(5):686-692.
[5]王敏,肖建红,于庆东,等.水库大坝建设生态补偿标准研究-以三峡工程为例[J].自然资源学报,2015,(1):37-49.
[6]肖长伟,何军,向飞.拉萨河水库调度模式对河流生态的影响及生态调度对策研究[J].水利发展研究,2013,13(7):14-19.
[7]张为.水库下游水沙过程调整及对河流生态系统影响初步研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2006:79-123.
[8]YI Yujun,WANG Zhaoyin,YANG Zhifeng.Impact of the Gezhouba and Three Gorges Dams on habitat suitability of carps in the Yangtze River[J].Journal of Hydrology,2010,387(3-4):283-291.
[9]HAN Dayong,YANG Yongxing,YANG Yang,et al.Recent advances in wetland degradation research[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(4):1293-1307.
[10]陈旸秋.关于我国水利水电工程生态调度的思考与建议[J].环境保护,2016,44(3):73-75.
[11]LIAO Juntao,YE Hui,HUANG Tingfa,et al.Seasonal waterbird population changes in Lashihai Lake in northwest Yunnan,China[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2017,(09):180-192.
[12]贾亦飞.水位波动对鄱阳湖越冬白鹤及其他水鸟的影响研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2013:86-88
[13]XIA Shaoxia,LIU Yu,CHEN Bin,et al.Effect of Water Level Fluctuations on Wintering Goose Abundance in Poyang Lake Wetlands of China[J].Chinese Geographical Science,2017,27(02):248-258.
[14]王万,陈昌才.引江济巢工程调水规模研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2011,(8):13-15.
[15]陈锦云,周立志.安徽沿江浅水湖泊越冬水鸟群落的集团结构[J].生态学报,2011,31(18):5323-5331.
[16]王科奇.湖边地下水水位响应菜子湖水位变动的不确定性分析[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2016:8-9.
[17]周美正,包晶.菜子湖流域水资源保护对策[J].治淮,2013,(1):16-17.
[18]李云飞,杨艳芳,王娅娅,等.不同退耕年限下菜子湖湿地土壤铁形态变化[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(10):3234-3241.
[19]高攀,周忠泽,马淑勇,等.浅水湖泊植被分布格局及草-藻型生态系统转化过程中植物群落演替特征:安徽菜子湖案例[J].湖泊科学,2011,23(1):13-20.
[20]朱文中,周立志.安庆沿江湖泊湿地生物多样性及其保护与管理[M].合肥:合肥工业大学出版社,2010:150-153.
[21]MARLIER M E,DEFRIES R S,KOPLITZ S N,et al.Ascientific tool to address severe haze in Equatorial Asia[J].Lancet,2017,389:S12.
[22]PUSHPARAJ J,HEGDE A V.Comparison of various pan-sharpening methods using Quickbird-2 and Landsat-8imagery[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2017,10:119.
[23]江涛.遥感影像解译标志库的建立和应用[J].地理空间信息,2010,8(5):31-33.
[24]郭娜.基于3S技术的植被景观格局动态分析与预测[D].福州:福建师范大学,2012:44-45.
[25]WHITING R M,COMES J P.Estimating Waterfowl Densities in a Flooded Forest:A Comparison of Methods[J].Southeastern Naturalist,2015,8(1):47-62.
[26]BASCHUK M S,KOPER N,WRUBLESKI D A,et al.Effects of Water Depth,Cover and Food Resources on Habitat use of Marsh Birds and Waterfowl in Boreal Wetlands of Manitoba,Canada[J].Waterbirds,2012,35(1):44-55.
[27]GUL O,ONMUS O,SIKI M.Significant Impacts of the Water Level and Human Intervention on the Natural Habitats and Breeding Waterbirds in Marmara Lake[J].Ekoloji,2013,22(89):29-39.
[28]CHEN Jinyun,ZHOU Lizhi,ZHOU Bo,et al.Seasonal dynamics of wintering waterbirds in two shallow lakes along Yangtze River in Anhui Province[J].Zoological Research,2011,32(5):540-548.
[29]JIANG Keyi,WU Ming,SHAO Xuexin.Community composition,seasonal dynamics and interspecific correlation of waterbirds in the Qiantangjiang River estuary and Hangzhou Bay[J].Zoological Research,2011,32(6):631.
[30]WANG Yuyu,JIA Yifei,GUAN Lei,et al.Optimising hydrological conditions to sustain wintering waterbird populations in Poyang Lake National Natural Reserve:implications for dam operations[J].Freshwater Biology,2013,58(11):2366-2379.
[31]QI S,LIAO F.A study on the scheme of water level regulation of the Poyang Lake hydraulic project[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2013,68(1):118-126.
[32]FOX A D,CAO Lei,ZHANG Yong,et al.Declines in the tuber-feeding waterbird guild at Shengjin Lake National Nature Reserve,China-a barometer of submerged macrophyte collapse[J].Aquatic Conservation Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems,2011,21(1):82-91.
[33]MA Zhijun,Li BO,ZHAO Bin,et al.Are artificial wetlands good alternatives to natural wetlands for waterbirds?-A case study on Chongming Island,China[J].Biodiversity&Conservation,2004,13(2):333-350.
[34]MA Zhijun,CAI Yinting,LI Bo,et al.Managing Wetland Habitats for Waterbirds:An International Perspective[J].Wetlands,2010,30(1):15-27.
[2]徐先海.安庆沿江湿地退化及人为影响研究[J].赤峰学院学报(自然版),2015,(22):201-202.
[3]WELLER M W.Seasonal Dynamics of Bird Assemblages in a Texas Estuarine Wetland(Dinámica Estacional de Agregaciones de Aves en un Estuario en Texas)[J].Journal of Field Ornithol,1994,65(3):388-401.
[4]金欣,任晓彤,彭鹤博,等.崇明东滩鸟类栖息地优化区越冬水鸟的栖息地利用及影响因子[J].动物学杂志,2013,48(5):686-692.
[5]王敏,肖建红,于庆东,等.水库大坝建设生态补偿标准研究-以三峡工程为例[J].自然资源学报,2015,(1):37-49.
[6]肖长伟,何军,向飞.拉萨河水库调度模式对河流生态的影响及生态调度对策研究[J].水利发展研究,2013,13(7):14-19.
[7]张为.水库下游水沙过程调整及对河流生态系统影响初步研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2006:79-123.
[8]YI Yujun,WANG Zhaoyin,YANG Zhifeng.Impact of the Gezhouba and Three Gorges Dams on habitat suitability of carps in the Yangtze River[J].Journal of Hydrology,2010,387(3-4):283-291.
[9]HAN Dayong,YANG Yongxing,YANG Yang,et al.Recent advances in wetland degradation research[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(4):1293-1307.
[10]陈旸秋.关于我国水利水电工程生态调度的思考与建议[J].环境保护,2016,44(3):73-75.
[11]LIAO Juntao,YE Hui,HUANG Tingfa,et al.Seasonal waterbird population changes in Lashihai Lake in northwest Yunnan,China[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2017,(09):180-192.
[12]贾亦飞.水位波动对鄱阳湖越冬白鹤及其他水鸟的影响研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2013:86-88
[13]XIA Shaoxia,LIU Yu,CHEN Bin,et al.Effect of Water Level Fluctuations on Wintering Goose Abundance in Poyang Lake Wetlands of China[J].Chinese Geographical Science,2017,27(02):248-258.
[14]王万,陈昌才.引江济巢工程调水规模研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2011,(8):13-15.
[15]陈锦云,周立志.安徽沿江浅水湖泊越冬水鸟群落的集团结构[J].生态学报,2011,31(18):5323-5331.
[16]王科奇.湖边地下水水位响应菜子湖水位变动的不确定性分析[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2016:8-9.
[17]周美正,包晶.菜子湖流域水资源保护对策[J].治淮,2013,(1):16-17.
[18]李云飞,杨艳芳,王娅娅,等.不同退耕年限下菜子湖湿地土壤铁形态变化[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(10):3234-3241.
[19]高攀,周忠泽,马淑勇,等.浅水湖泊植被分布格局及草-藻型生态系统转化过程中植物群落演替特征:安徽菜子湖案例[J].湖泊科学,2011,23(1):13-20.
[20]朱文中,周立志.安庆沿江湖泊湿地生物多样性及其保护与管理[M].合肥:合肥工业大学出版社,2010:150-153.
[21]MARLIER M E,DEFRIES R S,KOPLITZ S N,et al.Ascientific tool to address severe haze in Equatorial Asia[J].Lancet,2017,389:S12.
[22]PUSHPARAJ J,HEGDE A V.Comparison of various pan-sharpening methods using Quickbird-2 and Landsat-8imagery[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2017,10:119.
[23]江涛.遥感影像解译标志库的建立和应用[J].地理空间信息,2010,8(5):31-33.
[24]郭娜.基于3S技术的植被景观格局动态分析与预测[D].福州:福建师范大学,2012:44-45.
[25]WHITING R M,COMES J P.Estimating Waterfowl Densities in a Flooded Forest:A Comparison of Methods[J].Southeastern Naturalist,2015,8(1):47-62.
[26]BASCHUK M S,KOPER N,WRUBLESKI D A,et al.Effects of Water Depth,Cover and Food Resources on Habitat use of Marsh Birds and Waterfowl in Boreal Wetlands of Manitoba,Canada[J].Waterbirds,2012,35(1):44-55.
[27]GUL O,ONMUS O,SIKI M.Significant Impacts of the Water Level and Human Intervention on the Natural Habitats and Breeding Waterbirds in Marmara Lake[J].Ekoloji,2013,22(89):29-39.
[28]CHEN Jinyun,ZHOU Lizhi,ZHOU Bo,et al.Seasonal dynamics of wintering waterbirds in two shallow lakes along Yangtze River in Anhui Province[J].Zoological Research,2011,32(5):540-548.
[29]JIANG Keyi,WU Ming,SHAO Xuexin.Community composition,seasonal dynamics and interspecific correlation of waterbirds in the Qiantangjiang River estuary and Hangzhou Bay[J].Zoological Research,2011,32(6):631.
[30]WANG Yuyu,JIA Yifei,GUAN Lei,et al.Optimising hydrological conditions to sustain wintering waterbird populations in Poyang Lake National Natural Reserve:implications for dam operations[J].Freshwater Biology,2013,58(11):2366-2379.
[31]QI S,LIAO F.A study on the scheme of water level regulation of the Poyang Lake hydraulic project[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2013,68(1):118-126.
[32]FOX A D,CAO Lei,ZHANG Yong,et al.Declines in the tuber-feeding waterbird guild at Shengjin Lake National Nature Reserve,China-a barometer of submerged macrophyte collapse[J].Aquatic Conservation Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems,2011,21(1):82-91.
[33]MA Zhijun,Li BO,ZHAO Bin,et al.Are artificial wetlands good alternatives to natural wetlands for waterbirds?-A case study on Chongming Island,China[J].Biodiversity&Conservation,2004,13(2):333-350.
[34]MA Zhijun,CAI Yinting,LI Bo,et al.Managing Wetland Habitats for Waterbirds:An International Perspective[J].Wetlands,2010,30(1):15-27.