阿波利奈尔与卡明斯图像诗对比研究
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摘要
20世纪早期,在先锋派艺术运动的影响下,法国诗人纪尧姆·阿波利奈尔和美国诗人E·E·卡明斯均创作过大量图像诗作品,二人作品中运用的拆解、重构和拼贴等手法明显受到当时立体主义绘画思潮的影响。图像诗需要调动读者两种不同的视觉机制,莱辛曾指出诗与画应当界限分明,但阿波利奈尔和卡明斯的图像诗并未因为图像思维的介入而流于简单的字符游戏,相反仍保留了相当高的文学价值,这主要得益于二人创作所借鉴的立体主义绘画本身就强调观者的阐释,具有阅读性,以及两位诗人的作品也并未放弃对诗歌音乐性和深度的追求,图像与诗歌在二人的创作中得到了完美融合。
Under the influence of the avant-garde art movement in the early years of 20th century,French poet Guillaume Apollinaire and American poet E. E. Cummings both created a large number of image poems. The techniques of dismantling,reconstructing,and collage used in their works were obviously influenced by the cubism. Image poetry needs to motivate two different visual mechanisms of the readers,Lessing once pointed out that poetry and painting should be clearly defined,but the works by Apollinaire and Cummings are not simple character games,on the contrary,their literary value is also very high,which is mainly due to two aspects: the cubism emphasize interpretation and the works of the two poets did not give up the pursuit of the musicality and depth of poetry.
Under the influence of the avant-garde art movement in the early years of 20th century,French poet Guillaume Apollinaire and American poet E. E. Cummings both created a large number of image poems. The techniques of dismantling,reconstructing,and collage used in their works were obviously influenced by the cubism. Image poetry needs to motivate two different visual mechanisms of the readers,Lessing once pointed out that poetry and painting should be clearly defined,but the works by Apollinaire and Cummings are not simple character games,on the contrary,their literary value is also very high,which is mainly due to two aspects: the cubism emphasize interpretation and the works of the two poets did not give up the pursuit of the musicality and depth of poetry.
引文
[1]Apollinaire,Guillaume,Calligrammes.Gallimard,1979．
[2]皮埃尔-马塞尔·阿德玛．阿波利奈尔传[M]．李玉民，译．上海:上海人民出版社，2008:228．
[3]苏珊·奇弗．E.E．卡明斯:诗人的一生[M]．杨静，译．哈尔滨:黑龙江教育出版社，2016:152．
[4]贡布里希．艺术发展史[M]．范景中，译．天津:天津人民美术出版社，1989:321．
[5]金鹏．形式与观念---阿波利奈尔艺术思想简述[J]．设计艺术研究，2013(6):94-97+124．
[6]RUSHWORTH M K.Cummings and Cubism:The Influence of the Visual Arts on Cummings’Early Poetry[J].Journal of Modern Literature,1979,7(2):255-291．
[7]胡塞尔．生活世界现象学[M]．倪梁康，译．上海:上海译文出版社，2005:10．
[8]刘剑．西方诗画关系研究---从19世纪初至20世纪中叶[M]．北京:中国文联出版社，2016:141．
[9]FIRMAGE G J.E.E.Cummings Collected poems 1904-1962[M].New York:Liveright Publishing Co.,1991．
[10]罗斯玛丽·兰伯特．剑桥艺术史:20世纪艺术[M]．钱乘旦，译．北京:译林出版社，2008:27．
[11]于学勇．卡明斯视觉诗语相隐喻的解读[J]．中国外语，2008(4):27-31．
[12]胡蓉．想像化的虚构仪式试论阿波利奈尔的图像诗[J]．中国图书评论，2005(2):41-43．
[13]李维琨．外国美术史图录[J]．世界美术，1987(1):77-87．
[14]李洁．卡明斯诗歌中的立体画派元素[J]．宁夏大学学报(人文社会科学版)，2005(1):95-97．
[15]莱辛．拉奥孔[M]．朱光潜，译．北京:人民文学出版社，1979:183．
[16]SHINGLER K.Perceiving Text and Image in Apollinaire’s Calligrammes[J].Paragraph,2011(1):66-85.
[2]皮埃尔-马塞尔·阿德玛．阿波利奈尔传[M]．李玉民，译．上海:上海人民出版社，2008:228．
[3]苏珊·奇弗．E.E．卡明斯:诗人的一生[M]．杨静，译．哈尔滨:黑龙江教育出版社，2016:152．
[4]贡布里希．艺术发展史[M]．范景中，译．天津:天津人民美术出版社，1989:321．
[5]金鹏．形式与观念---阿波利奈尔艺术思想简述[J]．设计艺术研究，2013(6):94-97+124．
[6]RUSHWORTH M K.Cummings and Cubism:The Influence of the Visual Arts on Cummings’Early Poetry[J].Journal of Modern Literature,1979,7(2):255-291．
[7]胡塞尔．生活世界现象学[M]．倪梁康，译．上海:上海译文出版社，2005:10．
[8]刘剑．西方诗画关系研究---从19世纪初至20世纪中叶[M]．北京:中国文联出版社，2016:141．
[9]FIRMAGE G J.E.E.Cummings Collected poems 1904-1962[M].New York:Liveright Publishing Co.,1991．
[10]罗斯玛丽·兰伯特．剑桥艺术史:20世纪艺术[M]．钱乘旦，译．北京:译林出版社，2008:27．
[11]于学勇．卡明斯视觉诗语相隐喻的解读[J]．中国外语，2008(4):27-31．
[12]胡蓉．想像化的虚构仪式试论阿波利奈尔的图像诗[J]．中国图书评论，2005(2):41-43．
[13]李维琨．外国美术史图录[J]．世界美术，1987(1):77-87．
[14]李洁．卡明斯诗歌中的立体画派元素[J]．宁夏大学学报(人文社会科学版)，2005(1):95-97．
[15]莱辛．拉奥孔[M]．朱光潜，译．北京:人民文学出版社，1979:183．
[16]SHINGLER K.Perceiving Text and Image in Apollinaire’s Calligrammes[J].Paragraph,2011(1):66-85.