不同生育期高加索三叶草的根蘖性状及其内源激素含量
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摘要
高加索三叶草(Trifolium ambiguum)是豆科三叶草属中唯一具有地下根蘖的多年生牧草,它具有发达的地下根蘖和极强的克隆生长能力。本研究对返青期、分枝期、初花期和盛花期的高加索三叶草地上植株生长,以及地下根蘖性状和其根系不同部位的内源激素含量进行测定。结果表明,1)株丛高度、根蘖分枝数、根蘖株丛数和根蘖幅度均随着生育期的推进而增大,且4个时期株丛高度与根蘖幅度比值均近似为1。2)不同生育期,盛花期时根部激素总含量最高;同一生育期下,不同激素总含量相比,返青期和初花期生长素IAA含量较高,分别为2.88和6.25μg·g~(–1);分枝期与盛花期脱落酸ABA含量较高,分别为3.75和9.63μg·g~(–1)。3)返青期、分枝期和盛花期膨大无芽部位的赤霉素GA3、IAA和ABA含量均高于膨大有芽部位,种激素协同作用抑制根蘖芽的产生;各部位IAA含量在生育期内呈现"先降低再升高"的趋势,玉米素ZT含量为逐渐升高趋势,膨大有芽部位与水平根的ABA含量则表现为"先升高再降低再升高"的"N"型变化趋势。4)GA3含量与根蘖分枝数、ABA含量与根蘖幅度、根蘖株丛数均呈极显著正相关关系,相关系数分别为0.942、0.899和0.813。这一研究有利于掌握高加索三叶草根蘖性状的发生特征,为研究激素对其根蘖性状发生的调控机制奠定基础。
Caucasian clover(Trifolium ambiguum) is the only perennial grass with the roots of the genus Trifolium. It has developed underground roots and a strong clonal growth ability. Plant growth on the Caucasus clover was analyzed at the regreening, branching, flowering, and full-blossom stages in this experiment. The rhizome and endogenous hormone content in different parts of the root system were determined. The results showed that 1) plant height, branching number, bundle number, and rhizome amplitude all increased with the growth over the growth period; the ratio of the height to amplitude was approximately 1 at all four stages. 2) Among different growth stages, the root hormone content was highest at the fullflowering stage. Compared with the total amount of different hormones in the same growth period, the IAA content was highest at the regreening and flowering(2.88 and 6.25 μg·g~(–1), respectively). Compared to the total amount of different hormones in the same period, at the branching stage and full-blossom stages, the ABA content was highest(3.75 and 9.63μg·g~(–1), respectively). 3) Barring the flowering stage, the contents of GA3, IAA, and ABA at the other three stages of swollen non-buds were higher than those of swollen buds. Three kinds of hormones reacted together to inhibit the burgeoning of rhizome buds in swollen parts. IAA in all three parts firstly decreased and then increased with the progress of growth period,while ZT was continuously increased. ABA content with swollen buds and horizontal roots followed an N-type trend(updown-up). 4) GA3 was significantly positively correlated with branching number, as was ABA with amplitude, and bundle number; their correlation coefficients were 0.942, 0.899, and 0.813, respectively. This study is helpful to ascertain the characteristics of rhizome traits of the Caucasian clover, which gives a foundation for elucidation of the regulation mechanism of hormones and the occurrence of specific rhizome characteristics.
Caucasian clover(Trifolium ambiguum) is the only perennial grass with the roots of the genus Trifolium. It has developed underground roots and a strong clonal growth ability. Plant growth on the Caucasus clover was analyzed at the regreening, branching, flowering, and full-blossom stages in this experiment. The rhizome and endogenous hormone content in different parts of the root system were determined. The results showed that 1) plant height, branching number, bundle number, and rhizome amplitude all increased with the growth over the growth period; the ratio of the height to amplitude was approximately 1 at all four stages. 2) Among different growth stages, the root hormone content was highest at the fullflowering stage. Compared with the total amount of different hormones in the same growth period, the IAA content was highest at the regreening and flowering(2.88 and 6.25 μg·g~(–1), respectively). Compared to the total amount of different hormones in the same period, at the branching stage and full-blossom stages, the ABA content was highest(3.75 and 9.63μg·g~(–1), respectively). 3) Barring the flowering stage, the contents of GA3, IAA, and ABA at the other three stages of swollen non-buds were higher than those of swollen buds. Three kinds of hormones reacted together to inhibit the burgeoning of rhizome buds in swollen parts. IAA in all three parts firstly decreased and then increased with the progress of growth period,while ZT was continuously increased. ABA content with swollen buds and horizontal roots followed an N-type trend(updown-up). 4) GA3 was significantly positively correlated with branching number, as was ABA with amplitude, and bundle number; their correlation coefficients were 0.942, 0.899, and 0.813, respectively. This study is helpful to ascertain the characteristics of rhizome traits of the Caucasian clover, which gives a foundation for elucidation of the regulation mechanism of hormones and the occurrence of specific rhizome characteristics.
引文
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[2]崔英.三种三叶草的耐盐性和抗寒性研究.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学硕士学位论文,2006.CUI Y.Study on the salt tolerance and cold resistance of 3 clovers.Master Thesis.Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2006.
[3]洪绂曾,程渡,崔鲜一,彭玉梅,吴义顺,白永和,夏彤,于康富,高振生.根蘖型苜蓿的根蘖性状及持久性能研究(Ⅱ).草原与草业,2007,19(4):29-32.HONG F C,CHENG D,CUI X Y,PENG Y M,WU Y S,BAI Y H,XIA T,YU K F,GAO Z S.Study on the characteristics and endurance of root tiller of alfalfa(Ⅱ).Grassland and Prataculture,2007,19(4):29-32.
[4]王旭峰.5种根蘖型植物根系构型对草甸草原放牧退化演替的生态适应性研究.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学硕士学位论文,2013.WANG X F.Study of ecological adaptation of root architecture of 5 creeping-rooted plants to degradation succession in the meadow steppe.Master Thesis.Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2013.
[5]赵芝云,陈世鐄.几种耐寒耐旱多年生根蘖型植物的研究.中国草地学报,2009,31(3):118-120.ZHAO Z Y,CHEN S H.Study on several hardy and drought-tolerant plants that have been rooted and tiller for many years.Chinese Journal of Grassland,2009,31(3):118-120.
[6]周艳松.两种根蘖型植物的根系构型对典型草原退化演替的生态适应性研究.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学硕士学位论文,2011.ZHOU Y S.Study of ecological adaptation of root architecture of two creeping-rooted plants to degradation succession in the typical steppe.Master Thesis.Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2011.
[7]程渡,洪绂曾,崔鲜一,彭玉梅,白永和,高振生,于康富.适宜放牧的“图牧3号”和“图牧4号”根蘖型苜蓿新品种选育及放牧利用研究.中国草食动物,2003,23(6):9-10.CHENG D,HONG F C,CUI X Y,PENG Y M,BAI Y H,GAO Z S,YU K F.Study on breeding and utilization of new cultivars of root tillering alfalfa of tuomu No.3 and tuomu No.4 suitable for grazing.China Herbivores,2003,23(6):9-10.
[8]曹秀,夏仁学,杨环宇,张德健,赵禹.沙培条件下磷、钾、钙亏缺对枳(Poncirus trifoliata)幼苗根系形态及营养吸收的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2014(4):981-988.CAO X,XIA R X,YANG H Y,ZHANG D J,ZHAO Y.Effects of P,K and Ca deficiency on the root morphology and nutrient absorption of Poncirus trifoliata seedlings.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2014(4):981-988.
[9]刘广超.生长素介导铝胁迫抑制拟南芥主根的伸长.济南:山东大学博士学位论文,2017.LIU G C.Auxin-mediated root growth inhibition in response to aluminum stress in Arabidopsis.PhD Thesis.Ji’nan:Shandong University,2017.
[10]辛力,崔冬冬,王晓芳,孙永江,束怀瑞.土壤健康和植株健康是果园可持续发展的基础.落叶果树,2018,50(1):1-2.XIN L,CUI D D,WANG X F,SUN Y J,SHU H R.Soil health and plant health are the basis for the sustainable development of orchard.Deciduous Fruits,2018,50(1):1-2.
[11]GUO Z H,LI Y H,XU C G.Morphological variety of plants tolerance to low-p stress.Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2005(5):122-126.
[12]高振生,王培.苜蓿根系酯酶及内源激素变化与根蘖发生的研究.草地学报,1994,2(2):1-11.GAO Z S,WANG P.Changes of esterase and endogenous hormone in root system of alfalfa and the occurrence of tillering.Journal of Grassland,1994,2(2):1-11.
[13]王铁梅,卢欣石.内源激素影响苜蓿根蘖性状发生及表现的研究.//中国草学会青年工作委员会学术研讨会论文集.北京:中国草学会,2007.WANG T M,LU X S.Study on the effect of endogenous hormone on the occurrence and performance of alfalfa root tiller.//Symposium on the youth work committee of China Grass Association.Beijing:Chinese Grassland Society,2007.
[14]BLACK A D,LUCAS R J.Caucasian clover was more productive than white clover in grass mixtures under drought conditions.//Lincoln University,Canterbury:Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association,2000:183-188.
[15]殷秀杰.高加索三叶草在内蒙古地区适应性和利用价值研究.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学硕士学位论文,2004.YIN X J.Study on adaptability and utilization value of Gao Jiasuo clover in Inner Mongolia.Master Thesis.Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2004.
[16]王晓娜.根蘖型苜蓿(Medicago varia)差异表达基因分析及根蘖性状发生分子机制研究.北京:北京林业大学硕士学位论文,2011.WANG X N.Analysis on different gene expression and molecular mechanism for creeping-rooted type Medicago varia.Master Thesis.Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2011.
[17]HEINRICHS D H.Creeping Alfalfas.Advances in Agronomy,1963,15:317-337.
[18]高振生,程渡.苜蓿根蘖性状发生与生态适应性的研究.草地学报,1995,3(2):126-134.GAO Z S,CHENG D.Study on the occurrence and ecological adaptability of root tillering characters of alfalfa.Journal of Grassland,1995,3(2):126-134.
[19]刘丽雪,吕庆雪,张彦威,赵琳,王朋朋,张可欣,闫海波,李文滨.大豆Gm GBP1在GA调控开花过程中的功能分析.作物杂志,2014(4):71-74.LIU L X,LYU Q X,ZHANG Y W,ZHAO L,WANG P P,ZHANG K X,YAN H B,LI W B.Functional analysis of soybean GmGBP1 gene involved in GA-mediated flowering responses.Crops,2014(4):71-74.
[20]MA X Q,XU Q,MEYER W A,HUANG B.Hormone regulation of rhizome development in tall fescue(Festuca arundinacea)associated with proteomic changes controlling respiratory and amino acid metabolism.Annals of Botany,2016,118(3):481.
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