广西花坪国家级自然保护区鸟类资源与多样性分析
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摘要
2015年7月至2016年12月对广西花坪国家级自然保护区的鸟类进行了野外调查。调查结果表明,保护区共有鸟类资源11目34科101种,其中8种被列入CITES附录Ⅱ,23种广西重点保护动物,1种为中国特有物种和54种属于"三有"野生动物。保护区鸟类资源中,共有留鸟70种(69.31%),冬候鸟17种(16.83%),夏候鸟11种(10.89%),旅鸟2种(1.98%),迷鸟1种(0.99%);东洋型物种最多,为58种(57.43%),其中古北型3种(2.97%),全北型2种(1.98%),中亚型1种(0.99%),季风型2种(1.98%),喜马拉雅-横断山区型5种(4.95%),东北型8种(7.92%),不易归类的分布型7种(6.93%),南中国型15种(14.85%)。保护区共有17种鸟类优势种,2015年秋季、2016年春季和冬季的优势种最多(5种);保护区2016年的鸟类多样性存在明显的季节性变化;不同季节鸟类物种的均匀度指数差异不明显;在调查的5种栖息地中,鸟类多样性也有明显差异;不同类型栖息地的鸟类物种均匀度指数差异不明显,森林地、居住区和内陆水域的均匀度指数相同。与以前的调查相比,此次调查对该保护区内鸟类资源状况和多样性有了更深入的了解,为今后保护区的动物资源和环境保护提供了重要的参考依据。
From July of 2015 to December of 2016,the birds in Huaping National Nature Reserve of Guangxi were investigated in the field.The field survey results showed that there were 101 bird species of birds in Huaping Nature Reserve,belonging to 34 families,11 orders.Among them,8 species were listed in CITES Appendix Ⅱ,23 species were key protected animals in Guangxi,1 species was endemic of China and 54 species belonged to the "Three Habits" wildlife.There were 70 residents(69.31%),17 winter visitors(16.83%),11 summer visitors(10.89%),2 passage migrants(1.98%) and 1 vagrant visitor(0.99%).The birds had a highly mixed composition of faunal distribution types,there were 58 Oriental Realm species(57.43%),3 Palaearetie Realm species(2.97%),2 Holarctic Realm species(1.98%),1 Central Asian type species(0.99%),2 Monsoon type species(1.98%),5 Himalayan-Hengduan type species(4.95%),8 Northeast type species(7.92%),15 South China type species(14.85%)and 7 species(6.93%) of distribution type,which were hard to classify. There were 17 dominant species of birds in the reserve,and the dominant species were the most in autumn of 2015,spring and winter of 2016(5 species).There were obvious seasonal changes in bird diversity in the reserve in 2016.And there was no significant difference in evenness index of bird species in different seasons.Among the five investigated habitats,there were also significant differences in bird diversity.The evenness index of bird species in different habitats was not obvious,the evenness index of forest land,residential area and inland water area was the same.Compared with the previous surveys,this survey enabled us to have a deeper understanding of the status and diversity of bird resources in the reserve,and provided important reference basis for animal resources and environmental protection in the future.
From July of 2015 to December of 2016,the birds in Huaping National Nature Reserve of Guangxi were investigated in the field.The field survey results showed that there were 101 bird species of birds in Huaping Nature Reserve,belonging to 34 families,11 orders.Among them,8 species were listed in CITES Appendix Ⅱ,23 species were key protected animals in Guangxi,1 species was endemic of China and 54 species belonged to the "Three Habits" wildlife.There were 70 residents(69.31%),17 winter visitors(16.83%),11 summer visitors(10.89%),2 passage migrants(1.98%) and 1 vagrant visitor(0.99%).The birds had a highly mixed composition of faunal distribution types,there were 58 Oriental Realm species(57.43%),3 Palaearetie Realm species(2.97%),2 Holarctic Realm species(1.98%),1 Central Asian type species(0.99%),2 Monsoon type species(1.98%),5 Himalayan-Hengduan type species(4.95%),8 Northeast type species(7.92%),15 South China type species(14.85%)and 7 species(6.93%) of distribution type,which were hard to classify. There were 17 dominant species of birds in the reserve,and the dominant species were the most in autumn of 2015,spring and winter of 2016(5 species).There were obvious seasonal changes in bird diversity in the reserve in 2016.And there was no significant difference in evenness index of bird species in different seasons.Among the five investigated habitats,there were also significant differences in bird diversity.The evenness index of bird species in different habitats was not obvious,the evenness index of forest land,residential area and inland water area was the same.Compared with the previous surveys,this survey enabled us to have a deeper understanding of the status and diversity of bird resources in the reserve,and provided important reference basis for animal resources and environmental protection in the future.
引文
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[23] 梁晨霞,李波,张雨薇,等.内蒙古乌兰察布地区鸟类群落结构及季节变化[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(1):94-103.
[24] 高斌,陈鹏,杨菲,等.阳际峰国家自然保护区夏季鸟类群落结构调查[J].南昌大学学报(理科版),2017,41(1):90-96.
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[26] 王文.鸟类群落生态研究[M].哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,2007.
[2] 邓学建,叶贻云.湖南省武陵源自然保护区夏季鸟类多样性分析[J].动物学杂志,1999,34(2):26-30.
[3] 王文林,葛荫榕,张志卿,等.三门峡黄河库区湿地自然保护区鸟类区系调查[J].动物学杂志,1999,34(5):22-26.
[4] 黄建华,李汉华.两江机场冬季鸟类群落生态研究[J].广西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2001,19(4):86-89.
[5] 邓学建.广西大明山自然保护区鸟类资源调查[J].湖南师范大学自然科学学报,2002,25(3):81-85.
[6] 李自君,邓学建,郭克疾.乌云界自然保护区鸟类资源及夏季鸟类群落生态学研究[J].湖南师范大学自然科学学报,2004,27(4):78-80.
[7] 江建国,白涛,雷正玉,等.武汉市上涉湖鸟类资源调查及多样性分析[J].生物学杂志,2009,26(5):40-43.
[8] 时良,董荣,于晓平.陕西省黄河湿地冬季鸟类群落初步研究[J].动物学杂志,2009,44(3):83-93.
[9] 余桂东.广西山口国家级红树林自然保护区冬季鸟类对沿海植被的利用[D].南宁:广西大学,2015.
[10] 谭丽凤,刘代汉,张定亨,等.花坪自然保护区不同生境类型夏季鸟类多样性分析[J].广西科学,2008,15(1):75-79.
[11] 汪国海,施泽攀,刘秀菊,等.花坪保护区鸟兽物种的红外相机初步监测[J].生物多样性,2014,22(6):785-787.
[12] 张英,陶寅发.广西花坪国家级自然保护区简况[J].沿海环境,2001(6):33.
[13] 林林.花坪自然保护区[J].广西林业,1992(2):18-19.
[14] 吴兴亮,李泰辉,宋斌.广西花坪国家级自然保护区大型真菌资源及生态分布[J].菌物学报,2009,28(4):528-534.
[15] 高海山,许为斌,刘演.花坪自然保护区国家重点保护野生植物调查[J].中国野生植物资源,2007,26(3):28-31.
[16] 刘宏,廖德宝.桂林花坪自然保护区生物多样性的保护对策探索[J].产业与科技论坛,2014(20):214-215.
[17] 约翰·马敬能,卡伦·菲利普斯,何芬奇.中国鸟类野外手册[M].长沙:湖南教育出版社,2000.
[18] 郑作新.中国鸟类系统检索[M].3版.北京:科学出版社,2002.
[19] 郑光美.中国鸟类分类与分布名录[M].3版.北京:科学出版社,2017.
[20] 张荣祖.中国动物地理[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.
[21] 周放.广西陆生脊椎动物分布名录[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2011.
[22] 张勘,徐雨,李晓清,等.四川栗子坪国家级自然保护区鸟类资源与多样性分析[J].四川动物,2018,37(2):224-233.
[23] 梁晨霞,李波,张雨薇,等.内蒙古乌兰察布地区鸟类群落结构及季节变化[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(1):94-103.
[24] 高斌,陈鹏,杨菲,等.阳际峰国家自然保护区夏季鸟类群落结构调查[J].南昌大学学报(理科版),2017,41(1):90-96.
[25] MATLOCK R B JR,EDWARDS P J.The influence of habitat variables on bird communities in forest remnants in Costa Rica[J].Biodiversity & conservation,2006,15(9):2987-3016.
[26] 王文.鸟类群落生态研究[M].哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,2007.