不同有机物料在黄壤旱地中的腐解特性及养分释放特征
|
摘要
以玉米秸秆、水稻秸秆和猪粪为研究对象,采用尼龙网袋填埋法,结合一级动力学方程拟合,研究了不同有机物料在等碳量还田条件下翻埋入黄壤旱地后的腐解特性和养分释放特征。以期为贵州省黄壤旱地条件下有机物料还田和资源化利用提供理论依据。结果表明:经过180 d腐解后,不同有机物料腐解均表现为前期快后期慢的趋势,三种有机物料累计腐解率为60.98%～62.69%,表现为水稻秸秆>玉米秸秆>猪粪;动力学方程拟合结果表明,玉米秸秆处理腐解率最低,达到腐解平衡的时间较短;水稻秸秆和猪粪养分释放率均表现为钾>磷>氮>碳,玉米秸秆养分释放率表现为钾>磷>氮>碳;有机物料中碳、氮、磷和钾的释放率分别为58.50%～78.75%、54.96%～69.26%、75.29%～91.66%和93.49%～98.07%。总体表现为秸秆类累积腐解率大于粪肥,各有机物料中钾素释放速率较高,施用玉米秸秆维持并提高旱作黄壤肥力的较好措施。
With corn straw,rice straw and pig manure as the research objects,the decomposition characteristics and nutrient release characteristics of different organic materials buried in yellow soil upland under the condition of equal carbon amount were studied by nylon mesh bag landfill method combined with first-order kinetic equation fitting.In order to provide a theoretical basis for returning organic materials to the field and resource utilization in upland yellow soil of Guizhou province.The results showed that,after 180 days of decomposition,the decomposition of different organic materials showed a trend of fast in the early stage and slow in the later stage.The cumulative decomposition rate of the three organic materials was 60.98%～62.69%,which was manifested as rice straw>maize straw>pig manure.The results of kinetic equation fitting showed that the decomposition rate of corn straw treatment was the lowest and the time to reach the decomposition equilibrium was short.The nutrient release rates of both rice straw and pig manure were nitrogen>potassium>phosphorus>carbon,and the nutrient release rates of corn straw were potassium>phosphorus>nitrogen>carbon.The release rates of carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in organic materials were 58.50～78.75%,54.96%～69.26%,75.29%～91.66% and 93.49%～98.07%,respectively.The results showed that the cumulative decomposition rate of straw was higher than that of manure,and the potassium release rate of organic materials was higher.Application of corn straw is a good measure to maintain and improve the fertility of yellow soil upland.
With corn straw,rice straw and pig manure as the research objects,the decomposition characteristics and nutrient release characteristics of different organic materials buried in yellow soil upland under the condition of equal carbon amount were studied by nylon mesh bag landfill method combined with first-order kinetic equation fitting.In order to provide a theoretical basis for returning organic materials to the field and resource utilization in upland yellow soil of Guizhou province.The results showed that,after 180 days of decomposition,the decomposition of different organic materials showed a trend of fast in the early stage and slow in the later stage.The cumulative decomposition rate of the three organic materials was 60.98%～62.69%,which was manifested as rice straw>maize straw>pig manure.The results of kinetic equation fitting showed that the decomposition rate of corn straw treatment was the lowest and the time to reach the decomposition equilibrium was short.The nutrient release rates of both rice straw and pig manure were nitrogen>potassium>phosphorus>carbon,and the nutrient release rates of corn straw were potassium>phosphorus>nitrogen>carbon.The release rates of carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in organic materials were 58.50～78.75%,54.96%～69.26%,75.29%～91.66% and 93.49%～98.07%,respectively.The results showed that the cumulative decomposition rate of straw was higher than that of manure,and the potassium release rate of organic materials was higher.Application of corn straw is a good measure to maintain and improve the fertility of yellow soil upland.
引文
[1] 李勇,张磊,曹鸿鹏,等.农作物秸秆综合利用现状及对策研究[J].吉林农业,2018(20):40.
[2] 张雪辰,邓双,杨密密,等.畜禽粪便堆腐过程中有机碳组分与腐熟指标的变化[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(10):2559-2565.
[3] 姜超强,郑青松,祖朝龙.秸秆还田对土壤钾素的影响及其替代钾肥效应研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(4):1158-1165.
[4] 宋大利,侯胜鹏,王秀斌,等.中国畜禽粪尿中养分资源数量及利用潜力[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(5):1131-1148.
[5] 宋大利,侯胜鹏,王秀斌,等.中国秸秆养分资源数量及替代化肥潜力[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(1):1-21.
[6] 孟令建.农业废弃物回收利用项目管理研究[D].天津:天津大学,2006.
[7] 须湘成,张继宏,佟国良,等.有机物料在不同土壤中腐解残留率的研究[J].土壤通报,1985(1):21-26.
[8] 戴志刚.秸秆养分释放规律及秸秆还田对作物产量和土壤肥力的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2009.
[9] 卢光明,芶剑渝,张远淑,等.配施有机肥对新复垦土壤氮素及烟叶氮含量的影响[J].山地农业生物学报,2018,37(5):25-30,61.
[10] 林心雄,文启孝.广州地区土壤中植物残体的分解速率[J].土壤学报,1985,22(1):47-55.
[11] 匡恩俊,迟凤琴,宿庆瑞,等.三江平原地区不同有机物料腐解规律的研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(4):736-741.
[12] 介晓磊,寇太记,刘芳,等.有机物料在砂土中不同时段的腐解状况研究[J].河南农业大学学报,2006(3):266-269.
[13] 李昌明,王晓玥,孙波.不同气候和土壤条件下秸秆腐解过程中养分的释放特征及其影响因素[J].土壤学报,2017,54(5):1206-1217.
[14] 李玲.典型农田土壤中有机物料分解特性及影响因素[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2018.
[15] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[16] 代文才,高明,兰木羚,等.不同作物秸秆在旱地和水田中的腐解特性及养分释放规律[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(2):188-199.
[17] Zhang Xin Y,Wang Wei.The decomposition of fine and coarse roots:their global patterns and controlling factors[J].Scientific Reports,2015,5:9940.
[18] 崔顺吉,姚敏,梁嘉陵,等.白浆土土壤有机质变化规律及平衡提高措施的研究[J].土壤肥料,1989(1):13-16.
[19] 胡宏祥,汪玉芳,何方,等.水稻秸秆的腐解特征及其培肥增产作用研究[J].中国水土保持,2012(7):51-53.
[20] 黄昌勇,徐建明.土壤学(第三版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2010:33-34.
[21] 代静玉,周江敏,秦淑平.几种有机物料分解过程中溶解性有机物质化学成分的变化[J].土壤通报,2004(6):724-727.
[22] Cindy E.Prescott.Litter decomposition:what controls it and how can we alter it to sequester more carbon in forest soils?[J].Biogeochemistry,2010,101(1-3):133-149.
[23] Edward G.Gregorich,Henry Janzen,et al.Litter decay controlled by temperature,not soil properties,affecting future soil carbon[J].Global Change Biology,2017,23(4):1725-1734.
[24] 武际,郭熙盛,王允青,等.不同水稻栽培模式和秸秆还田方式下的油菜、小麦秸秆腐解特征[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(16):3351-3360.
[2] 张雪辰,邓双,杨密密,等.畜禽粪便堆腐过程中有机碳组分与腐熟指标的变化[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(10):2559-2565.
[3] 姜超强,郑青松,祖朝龙.秸秆还田对土壤钾素的影响及其替代钾肥效应研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(4):1158-1165.
[4] 宋大利,侯胜鹏,王秀斌,等.中国畜禽粪尿中养分资源数量及利用潜力[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(5):1131-1148.
[5] 宋大利,侯胜鹏,王秀斌,等.中国秸秆养分资源数量及替代化肥潜力[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(1):1-21.
[6] 孟令建.农业废弃物回收利用项目管理研究[D].天津:天津大学,2006.
[7] 须湘成,张继宏,佟国良,等.有机物料在不同土壤中腐解残留率的研究[J].土壤通报,1985(1):21-26.
[8] 戴志刚.秸秆养分释放规律及秸秆还田对作物产量和土壤肥力的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2009.
[9] 卢光明,芶剑渝,张远淑,等.配施有机肥对新复垦土壤氮素及烟叶氮含量的影响[J].山地农业生物学报,2018,37(5):25-30,61.
[10] 林心雄,文启孝.广州地区土壤中植物残体的分解速率[J].土壤学报,1985,22(1):47-55.
[11] 匡恩俊,迟凤琴,宿庆瑞,等.三江平原地区不同有机物料腐解规律的研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(4):736-741.
[12] 介晓磊,寇太记,刘芳,等.有机物料在砂土中不同时段的腐解状况研究[J].河南农业大学学报,2006(3):266-269.
[13] 李昌明,王晓玥,孙波.不同气候和土壤条件下秸秆腐解过程中养分的释放特征及其影响因素[J].土壤学报,2017,54(5):1206-1217.
[14] 李玲.典型农田土壤中有机物料分解特性及影响因素[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2018.
[15] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[16] 代文才,高明,兰木羚,等.不同作物秸秆在旱地和水田中的腐解特性及养分释放规律[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(2):188-199.
[17] Zhang Xin Y,Wang Wei.The decomposition of fine and coarse roots:their global patterns and controlling factors[J].Scientific Reports,2015,5:9940.
[18] 崔顺吉,姚敏,梁嘉陵,等.白浆土土壤有机质变化规律及平衡提高措施的研究[J].土壤肥料,1989(1):13-16.
[19] 胡宏祥,汪玉芳,何方,等.水稻秸秆的腐解特征及其培肥增产作用研究[J].中国水土保持,2012(7):51-53.
[20] 黄昌勇,徐建明.土壤学(第三版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2010:33-34.
[21] 代静玉,周江敏,秦淑平.几种有机物料分解过程中溶解性有机物质化学成分的变化[J].土壤通报,2004(6):724-727.
[22] Cindy E.Prescott.Litter decomposition:what controls it and how can we alter it to sequester more carbon in forest soils?[J].Biogeochemistry,2010,101(1-3):133-149.
[23] Edward G.Gregorich,Henry Janzen,et al.Litter decay controlled by temperature,not soil properties,affecting future soil carbon[J].Global Change Biology,2017,23(4):1725-1734.
[24] 武际,郭熙盛,王允青,等.不同水稻栽培模式和秸秆还田方式下的油菜、小麦秸秆腐解特征[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(16):3351-3360.