两种除草剂在燕麦田土壤中的残留与消解动态
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摘要
为了研究二氯喹啉酸、苄嘧磺隆2种除草剂在燕麦(Avena sativa)田土壤中的残留降解特性,2016年4月分别以二氯喹啉酸推荐剂量225 g a.i.·hm~(-2)、1.5倍推荐剂量337.5 g a.i.·hm~(-2),苄嘧磺隆推荐剂量34 g a.i.·hm~(-2)、1.5倍推荐剂量51 g a.i.·hm~(-2)于燕麦3–4叶期喷施,探究2种除草剂在燕麦田土壤中0～60 d的自然降解情况。残留量用高效液相色谱法定量测定,结果表明,两种除草剂的降解均符合一级动力学模型,二氯喹啉酸在燕麦田土壤中的半衰期为23.6～26.7 d,苄嘧磺隆半衰期为17.9～20.1 d,均为易降解农药。该方法下,土壤添加水平为0.05、0.5和1.0 mg·kg~(-1)时,二氯喹啉酸和苄嘧磺隆的回收率分别为85.63%～89.27%和80.26%～91.61%,相对标准偏差分别为2.17%～6.33%和3.28%～6.52%。
In order to study the residues and natural degradation characteristics of quinclorac and bensulfuron-methyl in oat(Avena sativa) field soil, we sprayed oat seedlings at the three-to four-leaf stage with the recommended dosage(225 g a.i.·hm~(-2)) and 1.5 times the recommended dosage(337.5 g a.i.·hm~(-2)) of quinclorac, and the recommended dosage(34 g a.i.·hm~(-2)) and 1.5 times the recommended dosage(51 g a.i.·hm~(-2)) of bensulfuron-methyl in April 2016. Residues were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and the results showed that the degradation patterns of the two herbicides were consistent with a first order kinetic model. The half-lives of quinclorac and bensulfuron-methyl in oat field soil were 23.6～ 26.7 d and 17.9～ 20.1 d, respectively, and thus, it can be concluded that both pesticides are readily degradable. Under experimental conditions, the average recovery rates of quinclorac and bensulfuron-methyl at fortified levels of 0.05, 0.5, and 1.0 mg·kg~(-1) were 85.63%～ 89.27% and 80.26%～ 91.61%, respectively, with relative standard deviations of 2.17%～6.33% and 3.28%～6.52%, respectively.
In order to study the residues and natural degradation characteristics of quinclorac and bensulfuron-methyl in oat(Avena sativa) field soil, we sprayed oat seedlings at the three-to four-leaf stage with the recommended dosage(225 g a.i.·hm~(-2)) and 1.5 times the recommended dosage(337.5 g a.i.·hm~(-2)) of quinclorac, and the recommended dosage(34 g a.i.·hm~(-2)) and 1.5 times the recommended dosage(51 g a.i.·hm~(-2)) of bensulfuron-methyl in April 2016. Residues were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and the results showed that the degradation patterns of the two herbicides were consistent with a first order kinetic model. The half-lives of quinclorac and bensulfuron-methyl in oat field soil were 23.6～ 26.7 d and 17.9～ 20.1 d, respectively, and thus, it can be concluded that both pesticides are readily degradable. Under experimental conditions, the average recovery rates of quinclorac and bensulfuron-methyl at fortified levels of 0.05, 0.5, and 1.0 mg·kg~(-1) were 85.63%～ 89.27% and 80.26%～ 91.61%, respectively, with relative standard deviations of 2.17%～6.33% and 3.28%～6.52%, respectively.
引文
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