鄱阳湖现有水环境监测点时空分布特征分析
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摘要
水环境监测布点的科学性直接影响水环境评价,如何评价鄱阳湖水环境现状和演化趋势,在时间、空间和频次上构建科学合理的时空监测体系是评价鄱阳湖水环境健康的关键。通过分析环保、水利和科研院所等单位现有的布点和监测数据,鄱阳湖水环境监测布点应按以下原则设定:(1)鄱阳湖水环境全年应设监测点35个,监测断面29个;(2)鄱阳湖采样时间频率上至少每月一次,具体采样时间避开采砂等人类生产活动的影响,采样时间一般定在每月下旬,且在采样当天前5d没有下雨且透明度在30 cm以上;(3)鄱阳湖空间异质性高,水质监测需分区采样,监测点的水质数据仅代表分区水质状况;(4)鄱阳湖需逆水流方向采样,确保采集不同水样;(5)鄱阳湖水环境监测需与水文监测同步进行,监测指标至少不能少于常规监测的营养盐及物理参数等。
How to set up water environment monitoring sites will have a direct effect on evaluating the water environment.The key point of accessing the Poyang Lake water quality status and evolution trend is to establish a scientific and reasonable monitoring system in terms of time,space and frequency.Based on the analysis of sites distribution and monitoring data from the relevant agencies,the water environment monitoring sites in the Poyang Lake should be set up as follows:(1)There should be 35 sites and 29 sections for environment monitoring in the Poyang Lake every year;(2)Water sampling should be taken at least once a month without human production activities,such as sand mining.The time of sampling should be put on the late of month,and there should be no raining 5 d before sampling and the transparency of sampling should beyond 30 cm;(3)Due to high spatial heterogeneity in the Poyang Lake,and the water sampling only reflects water quality monitoring results in its area,it needs to take sampling from different areas;(4)Sampling should be conducted in the reverse water flow direction to ensure its diversity;(5)Water environment monitoring should be carried out with hydrologic monitoring simultaneously,and monitoring indicators should include at least nutrient and physical parameters.
How to set up water environment monitoring sites will have a direct effect on evaluating the water environment.The key point of accessing the Poyang Lake water quality status and evolution trend is to establish a scientific and reasonable monitoring system in terms of time,space and frequency.Based on the analysis of sites distribution and monitoring data from the relevant agencies,the water environment monitoring sites in the Poyang Lake should be set up as follows:(1)There should be 35 sites and 29 sections for environment monitoring in the Poyang Lake every year;(2)Water sampling should be taken at least once a month without human production activities,such as sand mining.The time of sampling should be put on the late of month,and there should be no raining 5 d before sampling and the transparency of sampling should beyond 30 cm;(3)Due to high spatial heterogeneity in the Poyang Lake,and the water sampling only reflects water quality monitoring results in its area,it needs to take sampling from different areas;(4)Sampling should be conducted in the reverse water flow direction to ensure its diversity;(5)Water environment monitoring should be carried out with hydrologic monitoring simultaneously,and monitoring indicators should include at least nutrient and physical parameters.
引文
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[12]Cai Y J,Zhang Y,Wu Z S,et al.Composition,diversity,and environmental correlates of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in the five largest freshwater lakes of China[J].Hydrobiologia,2017,788(1):85-98.
[13]刘霞,刘宝贵,陈宇炜,等.鄱阳湖浮游植物叶绿素a及营养盐浓度对水位波动的响应[J].环境科学,2016,37(6):2141-2148.(LIU Xia,LIU Baogui,CHEN Yuwei,et al.Responses of nutrients and Chlorophyll a to water level fluctuations in Poyang Lake[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(6):2141-2148.(in Chinese))
[14]谭国良,郭生练,王俊,等.鄱阳湖生态经济区水文水资源演变规律研究[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2013.(TAN Guoliang,GUO Shenglian,WANG Jun,et al.Research of Hydrology and Resources Evolution at Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone[M].Beijing:China Water&Power Press,2013.(in Chinese))
[15]王圣瑞.鄱阳湖生态安全[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.(WANG Shengrui.Ecological Safe of Poyang Lake[M].Beijing:Science Press,2014.(in Chinese))
[16]罗伯特·卡弗·探索性数据分析—基于JMP软件[M].上海:上海财经大学出版社,2013.(Robert Carver.Exploratory Data Analysis:Based on JMP Software[M].Shanghai:Shanghai University of Finance and Economics Press,2013.(in Chinese))
[17]余潮,张杰,胡维,等.鄱阳湖水域和洲滩围垦后土壤的真菌多样性[J].湿地科学,2015,13(3):291-298.(YU Chao,ZHANG Jie,HU Wei,et al.Soil fungal diversity after reclamation in the river and beach of Poyang lake[J].Wetland Science,2015,13(3):291-298.(in Chinese))
[18]中国环境监测总站.全国地表水水质监测周报[EB/OL].http://www.cnemc.cn.(China National Environmental Monitoring Center.Weekly report of national surface water quality monitoring[EB/OL].http://www.cnemc.cn.(in Chinese))
[2]王忠锁,陈明华,吕偲,等.鄱阳湖银鱼多样性及其时空格局[J].生态学报,2006,26(5):1337-1344.(WANG Zhongsuo,CHEN Minghua,LV Cai,et al.Species diversity and spatio-temporal distribution patterns of icefishes in Poyang Lake[J].Acta Ecological Sinica,2006,26(5):1337-1344.(in Chinese))
[3]陈明华,刘观华,刘恋.鄱阳湖吴城站水位变化及修河对大湖池和沙湖水位的影响分析[J].水文,2017,37(5):66-69.(CHEN Minghua,LIU Guanhua,LIU Lian.Influence of water level variation at Wucheng station on water levels of Dahuchi and Shahu Lakes[J].Journal of China Hydrology,2017,37(5):66-69.(in Chinese))
[4]刘恋,曾繁翔,付志强,等.鄱阳湖星子站水位62年变化规律分析[J].人民长江,2016,47(3):30-32.(LIU Lian,ZENG Fanxiang,FU Zhiqiang,et al.Analysis on water level change at Xingzi hydrological station of Poyang Lake for 62 years[J].Yangtze River,2016,47(3):30-32.(in Chinese))
[5]鄱阳湖研究编委会.鄱阳湖研究[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1988.(Poyang Lake Research Editorial Board.Research on Poyang Lake[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Science and Technology Press,1988.(in Chinese))
[6]周文斌.鄱阳湖生态环境保护和资源综合开发利用[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.(ZHOU Wenbin.Ecological Environment Protection and Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Resources in Poyang Lake[M].Beijing:Science Press,2012.(in Chinese))
[7]朱海虹,张本.鄱阳湖—水文·生物·沉积·湿地.开发整治[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,1997.(ZHU Haihong,ZHANG Ben.Poyang Lake:Hydrology-Biology-Sedimentation-Wetland,Development and Renovation[M].Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China Press,1997.(in Chinese))
[8]刘元波,张奇,刘健,等.鄱阳湖流域气候水文过程及水环境效应[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.(LIU Yuanbo,ZHANG Qi,LIU Jian,et al.Climatic,Hydrologic and Environmental Change in Poyang Lake Basin[M].Beijing:Science Press,2012.(in Chi-nese))
[9]刘倩纯,胡维,葛刚,等.鄱阳湖枯水期水体营养浓度及重金属含量分布研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(10):1230-1235.(LIU Qianchun,HU Wei,GE Gang,et al.Contents of nutrients and heavy metals in the Poyang lake during dry seaon[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2012,21(10):1230-1235.(in Chinese))
[10]吴召仕,张路,刘宝贵,等.鄱阳湖丰水期水体中叶绿素a含量空间分布及其与环境因子的关系[J].湿地科学,2014,12(3):286-292.(WU Zhaoshi,ZHANG Lu,LIU Baogui,et al.Spatial distribution of chlorophyll a in Poyang lake during wet season and its relationship with environmental factors[J].Wetland Science,2014,12(3):286-292.(in Chinese))
[11]Qian K,Liu X,Chen Y.Effect of hydrological variability on diatom distribution in Poyang Lake,China[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2017,35(1):174-84.
[12]Cai Y J,Zhang Y,Wu Z S,et al.Composition,diversity,and environmental correlates of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in the five largest freshwater lakes of China[J].Hydrobiologia,2017,788(1):85-98.
[13]刘霞,刘宝贵,陈宇炜,等.鄱阳湖浮游植物叶绿素a及营养盐浓度对水位波动的响应[J].环境科学,2016,37(6):2141-2148.(LIU Xia,LIU Baogui,CHEN Yuwei,et al.Responses of nutrients and Chlorophyll a to water level fluctuations in Poyang Lake[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(6):2141-2148.(in Chinese))
[14]谭国良,郭生练,王俊,等.鄱阳湖生态经济区水文水资源演变规律研究[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2013.(TAN Guoliang,GUO Shenglian,WANG Jun,et al.Research of Hydrology and Resources Evolution at Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone[M].Beijing:China Water&Power Press,2013.(in Chinese))
[15]王圣瑞.鄱阳湖生态安全[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.(WANG Shengrui.Ecological Safe of Poyang Lake[M].Beijing:Science Press,2014.(in Chinese))
[16]罗伯特·卡弗·探索性数据分析—基于JMP软件[M].上海:上海财经大学出版社,2013.(Robert Carver.Exploratory Data Analysis:Based on JMP Software[M].Shanghai:Shanghai University of Finance and Economics Press,2013.(in Chinese))
[17]余潮,张杰,胡维,等.鄱阳湖水域和洲滩围垦后土壤的真菌多样性[J].湿地科学,2015,13(3):291-298.(YU Chao,ZHANG Jie,HU Wei,et al.Soil fungal diversity after reclamation in the river and beach of Poyang lake[J].Wetland Science,2015,13(3):291-298.(in Chinese))
[18]中国环境监测总站.全国地表水水质监测周报[EB/OL].http://www.cnemc.cn.(China National Environmental Monitoring Center.Weekly report of national surface water quality monitoring[EB/OL].http://www.cnemc.cn.(in Chinese))