阜阳市设施菜地6种重金属含量及其生态风险评价
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摘要
为阜阳市设施蔬菜安全生产和土壤重金属污染监测提供参考依据,通过野外采样和实验室分析,对阜阳市设施菜地中Zn、Cu、Pb、Cd、Cr和Ni等6种重金属的含量特征进行研究,并利用单因子污染指数法、地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对各种重金属的生态风险进行评价。结果表明:与温室蔬菜产地环境质量评价标准的限定值相比,Zn、Cu、Cd和Cr平均含量均没有超过限定值,部分区域Pb、Ni含量超过限定值。单因子污染指数法评价,阜阳市颖州区和颖泉区设施菜地表层土壤Pb和Ni有一定程度污染,其他区域属于清洁水平;地累积指数法评价,研究区域有不同程度的Ni、Zn及Pb的污染,未受到Cu、Cd和Cr的污染;潜在生态风险指数法评价,6种重金属均未对采样点生态系统造成风险,整个研究区域土壤综合潜在生态风险程度属于轻微水平。
In order to provide references for the safe production of vegetables and soil heavy metal pollution monitoring in greenhouse vegetable soils in Fuyang City,through field sampling and laboratory analysis,the content characteristics of six heavy metals such as Zn,Cu,Pb,Cd,Cr and Ni in greenhouse vegetable soils of Fuyang City were determined. The single factor pollution index method,geoaccumulation index and the potential ecological risk index method were used to evaluate the ecological risk of various heavy metals.Results:The average content of Zn,Cu,Cd and Cr did not exceed the limit value compared with the limit value of environmental quality evaluation criteria for greenhouse vegetable production areas,and in some areas Pb and Ni content exceeded the limitation.The single factor pollution index evaluation showed that the surface soil Pb and Ni in the vegetable field in Yingzhou District and Yingquan District of Fuyang City had a certain degree of pollution,and other areas were at the clean level.The geoaccumulation index evaluation showed that varying degrees of Ni,Zn and Pb pollution existed in the study area and the soil was not contamined by Cu,Cd and Cr.The potential ecological risk evaluation showed that none of the six heavy metals posed a risk to the sampling point ecosystem.The overall potential ecological risk of the soil in the entire study area was at slight level.
In order to provide references for the safe production of vegetables and soil heavy metal pollution monitoring in greenhouse vegetable soils in Fuyang City,through field sampling and laboratory analysis,the content characteristics of six heavy metals such as Zn,Cu,Pb,Cd,Cr and Ni in greenhouse vegetable soils of Fuyang City were determined. The single factor pollution index method,geoaccumulation index and the potential ecological risk index method were used to evaluate the ecological risk of various heavy metals.Results:The average content of Zn,Cu,Cd and Cr did not exceed the limit value compared with the limit value of environmental quality evaluation criteria for greenhouse vegetable production areas,and in some areas Pb and Ni content exceeded the limitation.The single factor pollution index evaluation showed that the surface soil Pb and Ni in the vegetable field in Yingzhou District and Yingquan District of Fuyang City had a certain degree of pollution,and other areas were at the clean level.The geoaccumulation index evaluation showed that varying degrees of Ni,Zn and Pb pollution existed in the study area and the soil was not contamined by Cu,Cd and Cr.The potential ecological risk evaluation showed that none of the six heavy metals posed a risk to the sampling point ecosystem.The overall potential ecological risk of the soil in the entire study area was at slight level.
引文
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[18]白玲玉，曾希柏，李莲芳，等．不同农业利用方式对土壤重金属累积的影响及原因分析[J]．中国农业科学，2010,43(1):96-104.
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[26]郭笑笑，刘丛强，朱兆洲，等．土壤重金属污染评价方法[J]．生态学杂志，2011,30(5):889-896.
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[29]张倩，陈宗娟，彭昌盛，等．大港工业区土壤重金属污染及生态风险评价[J]．环境科学，2015,36(11):4232-4240.
[30]陈兴仁，陈富荣，贾十军，等．安徽省江淮流域土壤地球化学基准值与背景值研究[J]．中国地质，2012,39(2):302-310.
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[32]范远，刘李硕，宋凯悦，等．山西中南部设施菜地重金属污染状况评估[J]．山西大学学报（自然科学版），2017,40(1):201-208.
[33]李莲芳，朱昌雄，曾希柏，等．吉林四平设施土壤和蔬菜中重金属的累积特征[J]．环境科学，2018,39(6):2936-2943.
[34]胡春华，蒋建华，周文斌．环鄱阳湖区农家菜地土壤重金属风险评价及来源分析[J]．地理科学，2012(6):771-776.
[35]刘苹，杨力，于淑芳，等．寿光市蔬菜大棚土壤重金属含量的环境质量评价[J]．环境科学研究，2008,21(5):66-71.
[36]王显．乌鲁木齐市米东工业区周边农田土壤重金属调查及源解析[D]．乌鲁木齐：新疆大学，2018.
[37]梁蕾，李季，杨合法，等．长期温室菜地土壤重金属累积状况及污染评价[J]．环境化学，2018,37(7):1515-1524.
[2] LI C G,LI X M,KONG W D,et al.Effect of monoculture soybean on soil microbial community in the Northeast China[J].Plant and Soil,2010,330(1/2):423-433.
[3]孟敏，杨林生，韦炳干，等．我国设施农田土壤重金属污染评价与空间分布特征[J]．生态与农村环境学报，2018,34(11):1019-1026.
[4]王美，李书田，马义兵，等．长期不同施肥措施对土壤和作物重金属累积的影响[J]．农业环境科学学报，2014,33(1):63-74.
[5] KHAN S,CAO Q,ZHENG Y M,et al.Health risks of heavy metals in contaminated soils and food crops irrigated with wastewater in Beijing,China[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2008,152(3):686-692.
[6] FAN Y,LI H,XUE Z J,et al.Accumulation characteristics and potential risk of heavy metals in soil vegetable system under greenhouse cultivation condition in Northern China[J].Ecological Engineering,2017,102:367-373.
[7] XU L,LU A X,WANG J H,et al.Accumulation status,sources and phytoavailability of metals in greenhouse vegetable production systems in Beijing,China[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2015,122:214-220.
[8]唐希望，同延安，吉普辉，等．关中地区日光温室重金属污染及其田块尺度下的特征[J]．干旱地区农业研究，2016,34(1):272-278,287.
[9]郭军康，赵瑾，魏婷，等．西安市郊不同年限设施菜地土壤Cd和Pb形态分析与污染评价[J]．农业环境科学学报，2018,37(11):2570-2577.
[10]王倩倩．天津典型设施菜地土壤-蔬菜中重金属分布特征及生态风险[D]．天津：天津师范大学，2018.
[11]陈碧华，杨和连，周俊国，等．大棚菜田种植年限对土壤重金属含量及酶活性的影响[J]．农业工程学报，2012,28(1):213-218.
[12]刘小诗，李莲芳，曾希柏，等．典型农业土壤重金属的累积特征与源解析[J]．核农学报，2014,28(7):1288-1297.
[13]毛明翠，黄标，李元，等．我国北方典型日光温室蔬菜生产系统土壤重金属积累趋势[J]．土壤学报，2013,50(4):835-841.
[14]何进勤，桂林国，何文寿．宁夏设施与露地土壤理化性状对比[J]．西北农业学报，2012,21(10):202-206.
[15] GERRITS E RG.Column and Catchment Scale Transport of Cadmium:Effect of Dissolved Organic Matter[J].Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,1996,22(3/4):145-163.
[16]张润花，李志国，刘旭东，等．露地栽培向设施栽培转变对菜田土壤重金属含量及形态的影响[J]．植物科学学报，2016,34(4):575-582.
[17]张石棋．北碚区菜地土壤重金属含量分析与环境质量评价[D]．重庆：西南大学，2013.
[18]白玲玉，曾希柏，李莲芳，等．不同农业利用方式对土壤重金属累积的影响及原因分析[J]．中国农业科学，2010,43(1):96-104.
[19] KALBITZ K.Mobilization of heavy metals and arsenic in polluted wetland soils and its dependence on dissolved organic matter[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),1998,209(1):27-39.
[20]曾希柏，李莲芳，梅旭荣．中国蔬菜土壤重金属含量及来源分析[J]．中国农业科学，2007,40(11):2507-2517.
[21]李见云，侯彦林，化全县，等．大棚设施土壤养分和重金属状况研究[J]．土壤，2005,37(6):626-629.
[22]陈毛华，刘明广，郭斌，等．阜阳市城郊菜地重金属污染调查与评价[J]．地球与环境，2017,45(3):322-328.
[23]农业部环境保护科研监测所．农田土壤环境质量监测技术规范：NY/T 395-2012[S]．北京：中国标准出版社，2012.
[24]中华人民共和国农业部．耕地质量监测技术规程：NY/T 1119-2012[S]．北京：中国标准出版社，2012.
[25]刘勇，岳玲玲，李晋昌．太原市土壤重金属污染及其潜在生态风险评价[J]．环境科学学报，2011,31(6):1285-1293.
[26]郭笑笑，刘丛强，朱兆洲，等．土壤重金属污染评价方法[J]．生态学杂志，2011,30(5):889-896.
[27]国家环境保护总局．温室蔬菜产地环境质量评价标准：HJ/T 333-2006[S]．北京：中国环境科学出版社，2007.
[28]王倩倩，王祖伟，侯迎迎，等．改进的地累积指数法在重金属生态风险评价中的应用[J]．天津师范大学学报（自然科学版），2018,38(5):47-51.
[29]张倩，陈宗娟，彭昌盛，等．大港工业区土壤重金属污染及生态风险评价[J]．环境科学，2015,36(11):4232-4240.
[30]陈兴仁，陈富荣，贾十军，等．安徽省江淮流域土壤地球化学基准值与背景值研究[J]．中国地质，2012,39(2):302-310.
[31] LARS H.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control.a sedimentological approach[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),1980,14(8):975-1001.
[32]范远，刘李硕，宋凯悦，等．山西中南部设施菜地重金属污染状况评估[J]．山西大学学报（自然科学版），2017,40(1):201-208.
[33]李莲芳，朱昌雄，曾希柏，等．吉林四平设施土壤和蔬菜中重金属的累积特征[J]．环境科学，2018,39(6):2936-2943.
[34]胡春华，蒋建华，周文斌．环鄱阳湖区农家菜地土壤重金属风险评价及来源分析[J]．地理科学，2012(6):771-776.
[35]刘苹，杨力，于淑芳，等．寿光市蔬菜大棚土壤重金属含量的环境质量评价[J]．环境科学研究，2008,21(5):66-71.
[36]王显．乌鲁木齐市米东工业区周边农田土壤重金属调查及源解析[D]．乌鲁木齐：新疆大学，2018.
[37]梁蕾，李季，杨合法，等．长期温室菜地土壤重金属累积状况及污染评价[J]．环境化学，2018,37(7):1515-1524.