洞庭湖滨湖酸雨特征及气象影响因子
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摘要
利用2007—2016年酸雨和同期气象资料及气溶胶数据,对洞庭湖滨湖酸雨特征及气象条件的关系进行分析,结果发现:2007—2016年年降水pH值为4.03～4.70,且呈显著增加的趋势,酸雨的强度明显减弱。降水的酸性强度显著减弱主要表现在春季和秋季降水。3月、10月酸雨最强,6月、7月最轻。酸雨出现频率为84%,其中弱酸雨、强酸雨、特强酸雨出现频率分别为40%、25%、19%。酸雨频率变化不显著,但弱酸雨频率显著增加而特强酸雨频率显著减少。酸雨的强度不随降水量级的变化而变化。随着降水持续天数的增加,降水的酸性强度明显加强。水样温度升高,降水的酸性强度明显减弱。风速越大,降水的酸性强度越强。风向频率较大的偏北风降水的酸性强度较强,而风向频率较小的偏南风降水的酸性强度较弱。大气气溶胶对降水的酸性强度有明显的增强作用。城市工业布局、大气污染物输送方向均与酸雨观测日主导风向一致,导致降水的酸性强度加强。
Based on the acid rain data, meteorological data and aerosol data at Dongting lakeside from 2007 to 2016, characteristics of acid rain and its relationship with meteorological conditions are analyzed. The results showed that the pH of precipitation during 2007—2016 was 4.03—4.70, and there was a significant increase in the trend, so the intensity of acid rain weakened. Acid rain weakened significantly in the spring and fall. Acid rain was the worst in March and October, the lightest in June and July. The occurrence frequency of acid rain was 84%, while occurrence frequency of weak acid rain, strong acid rain and super strong acid rain was 40%, 25% and 19% respectively. The frequency variation of acid rain was not significant but the frequency of weak acid rain has increased significantly, while the frequency of strong acid rain has decreased significantly. The intensity of acid rain did not vary with precipitation levels. As the number of precipitation days increased, acid rain intensity obviously increased. As the water temperature rose, acid rain intensity weakened significantly. The more severe the wind, the greater the acid rain intensity was. Acid rain intensity was greater with north wind of higher wind direction frequency, and weaker with south wind of lower wind direction frequency. The atmospherical aerosols had a significant increasing effect on acid rain. The direction of urban industrial layout and air pollutant transport direction was consistent with the leading wind direction on acid rain observational day, which led to the increasing of acid rain intensity.
Based on the acid rain data, meteorological data and aerosol data at Dongting lakeside from 2007 to 2016, characteristics of acid rain and its relationship with meteorological conditions are analyzed. The results showed that the pH of precipitation during 2007—2016 was 4.03—4.70, and there was a significant increase in the trend, so the intensity of acid rain weakened. Acid rain weakened significantly in the spring and fall. Acid rain was the worst in March and October, the lightest in June and July. The occurrence frequency of acid rain was 84%, while occurrence frequency of weak acid rain, strong acid rain and super strong acid rain was 40%, 25% and 19% respectively. The frequency variation of acid rain was not significant but the frequency of weak acid rain has increased significantly, while the frequency of strong acid rain has decreased significantly. The intensity of acid rain did not vary with precipitation levels. As the number of precipitation days increased, acid rain intensity obviously increased. As the water temperature rose, acid rain intensity weakened significantly. The more severe the wind, the greater the acid rain intensity was. Acid rain intensity was greater with north wind of higher wind direction frequency, and weaker with south wind of lower wind direction frequency. The atmospherical aerosols had a significant increasing effect on acid rain. The direction of urban industrial layout and air pollutant transport direction was consistent with the leading wind direction on acid rain observational day, which led to the increasing of acid rain intensity.
引文
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[21]史继清,杨志刚,边巴次仁,等.2008-2015年西藏酸雨变化特征及气象影响因子分析[J].高原山地气象研究,2017,37(3):64-70.
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[24]杜光智,黄晓华,黄霞,等.湖北省酸雨的时空分布规律及成因分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2003,12(4):377-381.
[25]钟玉婷,刘新春,范子昂,等.乌鲁木齐降水化学成分及来源分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2016,10(6):81-87.
[26]樊后保.世界酸雨研究概况[J].福建林学院学报,2002,22(4):371-375.
[2]张新民,柴发合,王淑兰,等.中国酸雨研究现状[J].环境科学研究,2010,23(5):527-532.
[3]赵艳霞,侯青.1993-2006年中国区域酸雨变化特征及成因分析[J].气象学报,2008,66(6):1032-1042.
[4]王锦旗,宋玉芝,黄进.气溶胶对陆生植物生长的影响研究进展[J].气象与环境科学,2018,41(1):116-124.
[5]唐信英,罗磊,陈碧辉.2007年四川省酸雨时空分布特征研究[J].高原山地气象研究,2008,28 (1):62-65.
[6]吴建明,邹海波,贺志明.江西省酸雨变化特征及其与气象条件的关系[J].气象与减灾研究,2012,35(2):45-50.
[7]侯青,赵艳霞.2007年中国区域性酸雨的若干特征[J].气候变化研究进展,2009,5(1):7-11.
[8]赵晓莉,闫军,陈中钰,等.2006-2013年四川酸雨变化特征分析[J].气象与环境科学,2015,38(2):54-59.
[9]巴金,汤洁,王淑凤,等.重庆地区近10年酸雨时空分布和季节变化特征分析[J].气象,2008,34(9):81-88.
[10]费越.贵州省酸雨情况及其危害防治的初步分析[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2011,29(2):39-42.
[11]李惠全,胡麓华,樊娟,等.“十二五”期间湖南省酸雨污染现状及成因分析研究[J].环境科学与管理,2015,40(11):57-60.
[12]吴丹,王式功,尚可政.中国酸雨研究综述[J].干旱气象,2006,24(3):70-77.
[13]邓伟,刘荣花,熊杰伟,等.当前国内酸雨研究进展[J].气象与环境科学,2009,32(1):82-87.
[14]权建农,张晓山,段宁,等.中国西南和华南地区硫沉降数值模拟[J].高原气象,2007,26(2):326-332.
[15]杨贤为,邹旭恺,马天健.长江三峡库区酸雨分布特征分析[J].气象,2002,28(10):14-18.
[16]杨乐苏,周光益,于彬,等.广州市酸雨成分及其相关分析[J].生态科学,2005,25(3):254-257.
[17]杨允凌,王丛梅.2006-2010年南宫酸雨变化特征及影响因素[J].气象与环境学报,2012,28(4):79-83.
[18]杜子璇,刘荣花,魏璐,等.郑州市酸雨变化特征及影响因素分析[J].气象与环境科学,2010,33(2):32-36.
[19]刘筱琳,李杰,熊万明,等.南岸区酸雨污染现状及成因分析[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2012,37(7):135-141.
[20]李明明,陈伟健,王雁,等.长治市酸雨变化特征及其与气象要素关系分析[J].气象与环境科学,2011,34(增刊):70-74.
[21]史继清,杨志刚,边巴次仁,等.2008-2015年西藏酸雨变化特征及气象影响因子分析[J].高原山地气象研究,2017,37(3):64-70.
[22]胡向峰,韩洋.一次阴雨条件下河北中南部气溶胶的参数特征分析[J].干旱气象,2015,33(3):490-496.
[23]解淑艳,王瑞斌,郑皓皓.2005-2011年全国酸雨状况分析[J].环境监控与预警,2012,4(5):33-37.
[24]杜光智,黄晓华,黄霞,等.湖北省酸雨的时空分布规律及成因分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2003,12(4):377-381.
[25]钟玉婷,刘新春,范子昂,等.乌鲁木齐降水化学成分及来源分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2016,10(6):81-87.
[26]樊后保.世界酸雨研究概况[J].福建林学院学报,2002,22(4):371-375.